Rasha sarakunan. A tarihin Rasha tsars. Last Rasha Tsar

A gargajiya nau'i na gwamnati a Rasha an dauke su a daular mulkinsu. Da zarar wani ɓangare na wannan babbar kasa shi ne wani ɓangare na Kievan Rus ': manyan birane (Moscow, Vladimir, Novgorod, Smolensk, Ryazan) aka kafa ta sarakunansa, zuriyar Semi-almara Rurik. Saboda haka, na farko mulki daular kira Ruric. Amma da suka haifa da lakabi na sarakuna, Rasha tsars bayyana yawa daga baya.

A lokacin da Kievan Rus

Da farko, da Grand Yariman All Rasha aka dauke da mulkin Kiev. Specific shugabannin biya haraji a gare shi, yi masa biyayya, suka fidda squads a lokacin wani soja yaƙin neman zaɓe. Daga baya, a lokacin da shi shi ne mulkin gargajiya lokaci (ta goma sha ɗaya ga karni na sha biyar) ba guda jihar. Amma har yanzu shi ne kursiyin Kiev ya kanta maraba ga kowa da kowa, ko da yake rinjayar tsohon, ya rasa. A mamayewa na Mongol sojoji da kuma halittar Batu Khan na Golden taro kara bunkasa cikin kadaici da kowane sarauta: wasu kasashe sun fara dauki siffar a yankin ƙasarsu - Ukraine, Belarus da kuma Rasha. A cikin zamani Rasha ƙasa sun kasance mafi tasiri birnin Vladimir kuma Novgorod (da shi ba da wahala daga mamayewa na makiyaya).

A tarihin Rasha tsars

Vladimir Prince Ivan Kalita, tare da goyon bayan babban Uzbek Khan (tare da wanda ya yi da dangantaka mai kyau), ya sha wahala a siyasa da ecclesiastical babban birnin kasar na Moscow. A tsawon lokaci, da Grand shugabannai Moscow shiga kusa da birnin sauran Rasha ƙasar: Novgorod da Pskov jamhuriyar ya zama wani ɓangare na wani hadade jihar. A sa'an nan, kuma akwai Rasha tsars - karo na farko da wannan suna da aka saka Ivan Grozny. Ko da yake akwai wani labari cewa sarauta regalia aka mika su ga shugabannin ƙasar da yawa a baya. An yi imani da cewa 1 Rasha Tsar - shi ne Vladimir Monomakh, wanda aka lashe ta Byzantine kwastan.

Ivan Grozny - na farko monarch a Rasha

Saboda haka, da farko Rasha tsars zo tare da isowa na Ioanna Groznogo (1530-1584). Ya kuwa ɗan Basil III da Elena Glinsky. Zama sarkin Moscow sosai farkon, sai ya fara gabatar da sauye-sauye, ya arfafa kai gwamnati a gida matakin. Duk da haka, ya soke Insha Rada da ya fara sarauta kansa. cikin monarch ta mulki ya sosai m, kuma ko da kama-. The shan kashi na Novgorod, outrages a Tver, Torzhok Klin da, oprichnina, protracted yaƙe-yaƙe sun kai ga zamantakewa da kuma rikicin siyasa. Amma kuma da} o} arin da duniya tasirin da sabon mulkin fadada iyakoki.

A miƙa mulki ga Rasha kursiyin

Tare da mutuwa da na ɗan Ivana Groznogo - Fedor farko - tsaya da Rurik daular. Don kursiyin haife Godunov mulki. Boris Godunov a lokacin rayuwa na farko Fedor da babban tasiri a kan sarki ( 'yar'uwarsa Irina Fedorovna ya matar da monarch) da kuma kusan mulkin kasar. Amma dan Boris - Fedor II kasa riƙe da iko a hannunsu. Yana fara firgita lokaci, da kuma kasar don wani lokaci mulki Lzhedmitry, Vasiliy Shuysky, Semiboyarshina da kuma lardin Majalisar. Sa'an nan ya ci sarauta a kan kursiyin da Romanovs.

Great Rasha da daular sarakuna - da Romanovs

Fara wani sabon sarauta daular sa Mikhail Fedorovich, wanda aka zabe ta a gadon sarauta Zemsky Sobor. Wannan kammala tarihi lokacin da aka sani da Lokaci na matsaloli. House na Romanovs - zuriyar babban sarki, wanda ya yi mulki Rasha har 1917 da kuma kifar da daular mulkinsu a ƙasar.

Kamar Mikhail Fedorovich daga wani tsohon Rasha daraja iyali, wanda ta haifa da sunan Romanovs daga tsakiyar karni na sha shida. An dauke da magabacin a wasu Andrei Ivanovich Mare, wanda mahaifinsa ya je Rasha ko zuwa Lithuania, ko da Prussia. An yi imani da cewa ya zo daga Novgorod. 'Ya'ya maza biyar Andrew Mares kafa goma sha bakwai daraja iyalansu. A kakakin ga HALITTAR - Anastasia Romanova Zakharyin - ya matar Ivan IV da Munin, wanda karshen-rana monarch lissafta grandnephew.

Sarakunan House of Romanov Rasha tsaya matsaloli a kasar fiye da sanã'anta ƙauna da girmamawa ga kowa mutane. Mikhail Fedorovich a lokacin zaben da kursiyin kuma akwai wani matashi da bai gogu da duniya. A karo na farko, ya taimake shi ya mallaki babban Bayou Marta da sarki Filaret, don haka da Orthodox Church ya muhimmanci ƙarfafa matsayinsu. Zamanin mulkin sarki na farko na daular Romanov ne halin da farkon na ci gaba. Akwai bayyana da farko jaridar (samar musamman domin ta clerks monarch), domin karfafa duniya dangantaka, masana'antu da ake gina da kuma aiki (iron-smelting, ironworks kuma gun), waje masana suna da hannu. Karkasa ikon da aka karfafa, to Rasha shiga sabon yankuna. Wife ya Mikhail Fedorovich goma yara, daya daga wanda gaji gadon sarautar.

Daga sarakuna da sarakuna. Petr Veliky

A cikin karni na sha takwas, Bitrus da Great sāke mulkinsa a cikin wani daular. Saboda haka, a cikin tarihin na duk sunayen Rasha sarakunan da suka yi sarauta a bayansa, riga amfani da lakabi na sarki.

Mai girma kawo canji da kuma wani shahararren dan siyasa, da ya yi yawa ga ci gaba na Rasha. The Board fara wani m gwagwarmayar kursiyin: mahaifinsa, Alexis, yana da matukar yawa a cikin zuriyata. Da farko ya yi mulki tare da ɗan'uwansa Ivan kuma regent Princess Sophia, amma dangantakar ba samo asali. Kawar da sauran pretenders a kan karaga, Bitrus ya fara mulkin jihar kadai. Ya sa'an nan kaddamar da wani soja gangamin samar da Rasha damar zuwa tekun, da gina na farko rundunar motoci, sake tsarafa sojojin, Zăluceni waje masana. Idan mai girma Rasha tsars ya ba biya isasshen hankali ga ilimi na talakawansa, da Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus Ina da kaina aika manya horar da kasashen waje, gilla suppressing adawa. Kasarsu, ya reworked a kan Turai model, saboda yana tafiya mai yawa da kuma ga yadda mutane rayuwa a can.

Nikolai Romanov - karshe sarki

A karshe Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II ya. Ya samu mai kyau da ilimi da kuma wani sosai m upbringing. Mahaifinsa - Alexander III - An wuya daga 'ya'yansa maza ya jira ba sosai biyayya, kamar yadda hankali, mai imani da Allah, nemi aiki, musamman ba sa sama da denunciations na yara da juna. Future m bauta wa a Preobrazhensky rajimanti, don haka ya gane sosai abin da sojoji da kuma soja al'amura. A zamanin mulkinsa, kasar da aka rayayye tasowa: da tattalin arziki, masana'antu, noma, cikin ganiyarsu na ta ci gaba. A karshe Sarkin Rasha ya dauki wani aiki sashi a duniya siyasa, gudanar da sauye-sauye a kasar, rage lokaci na soja. Amma kuma gudanar da kansa soja yaƙin neman zaɓe.

A fall na daular mulkinsu a Rasha. A Oktoba juyin juya halin

A watan Fabrairu 1917, tashin barke a Rasha, musamman a babban birnin kasar. A kasar a lokacin ya halarci a farko yakin duniya. So don dakatar da shawara a gida, da sarki, shi ne a gaba, abdicated a cikin ni'imar jariri, da kuma 'yan kwanaki daga baya ya yi da wannan, a madadin Tsarevich Alexei, entrusting ya mallaki ɗan'uwansa. Amma da Grand Duke Michael ki irin wannan daraja: shi riga murƙushe 'yan tawayen Bolsheviks. A dawowarsa karshe Sarkin Rasha, aka kama tare da iyalinsa da kuma aika zuwa zaman talala. A dare da 17 ga Yuli 18 daga cikin guda monarch a 1917 tare da sunan bayinsa, wanda ba ya so ya bar su hukunci kyãwon hukunci ba, ya aka harbe. Har ila yau, duk mambobi ne na Romanov daular an halaka, wanda ya zauna a cikin ƙasa. Wasu gudanar da su yi hijira zuwa kasar Birtaniya, Faransa, Amurka, da zũriyarsu zauna a can har yanzu.

Za a wani Tarurrukan na daular mulkinsu in Rasha

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, da yawa ya fara magana game da Tarurrukan na daular mulkinsu a Rasha. A wuri na kisa da sarauta iyali - inda kafin akwai wani gidan Ipatiev a Ekaterinburg (a cikin ginshiki da aka powered by wani mutuwa jumla) gina wani haikalin sadaukar domin tunawa da m ya shafa. A watan Agusta 2000, majalisar Bishops na Rasha Orthodox Church ya ranked duk tsarkaka, ya nada ranar ƙwaƙwalwar su ta huxu na Yuli. Amma da yawa mũminai ba yarda: son rai abdication ne mai zunubi, kamar yadda mulkin firistoci albarka.

A shekarar 2005, zuriyar Rasha autocrats da aka gudanar a Madrid shawara. Sa'an nan ta aika wa m Janar na Rasha Federation, da ake bukata don rehabilitate gidan Romanov. Duk da haka, suna ba a gane a matsayin wadanda ke fama da siyasa danniya saboda da rashin aikin hukuma bayanai. Shi ne mai laifi laifi, ba wani siyasa daya. Amma wakilan da Rasha na mallaka House bai yarda da wannan, kuma ci gaba da kira da hukunci, yanã fãtan maido da tarihi da adalci.

Amma ko wani daular mulkinsu zamani Rasha bukatar - shi da wani al'amari ga mutane. Tarihi zai sa duk abin da a wurinsa. A halin yanzu, mutane da girmama ƙwaƙwalwar na gilla kashe a lokacin Red Firgitar daga gidan sararta, kuma yin salla ne ga rãyukansu.