Soviet jirgin ruwa Anisimov Alexander Frolovich: biography, nasarori, iyali da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Su 'yan jarida ne na Stalin. Jaridu na Soviet a shafukan da ke gaba sun wallafa hotuna. 'Yan jaridun Rediyo a kan iska sun ruwaito wasu abubuwan da ba a taba gani ba, abubuwan da ba su da tabbas da sauran ƙasashe ba za su yi alfaharin ba. Sunayensu, tare da sunayen manyan shugabannin jihar, sune sanannun yara da manya. Mai saurin gudu, mai tsaurin kai, marar tsoro. Mutanen da wajibi ne ba su da wata matsala - matakan farko na Soviet sun haddasa sababbin sabbin hanyoyi da tsawo. Daga cikin su shi ne mai gwagwarmaya Anisimov, dan asalin ƙauyen ƙauyen Rashanci, wanda ya dauki matsayi a cikin mafi kyaun jiragen sama na Soviet.

Daga nesa Novgorod

Ƙauyen Arrivals a cikin Novgorod yankin kuma a yau ba ya da wani abin mamaki. Kuma a ƙarshen karni na karshe wani ƙauyen ƙauyen ne, wanda za'a iya samuwa a sararin samaniya. A nan a 1897 da aka haife nan gaba Soviet gwajin matukin Anisimov. Alexander Frolovich ko da wani watan haihuwarsa ba a sani. Tushen bayyane na zamani bazai iya ƙaddara ba, an haife shi a Yuli ko Nuwamba. Saboda haka, sun rubuta - an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba (bisa ga sauran bayanai a kan Yuli 28). Bayani game da iyayen matukin ba a kiyaye shi - a fili yana son tunawa da yaro.

Yana da alama cewa tun daga matashi yana da sha'awar fasaha. Ya zuwa shekaru 15 ya sauke karatu daga makarantar shekaru hudu a Novgorod. Mai direba da kuma injiniya sune aikin farko na aiki. A cikin raunuka na asali tare da irin wannan ƙwarewa zai iya zama mutum marar makawa. Kuma ya zauna a Novgorod - har zuwa shekara ta 1914 ya yi aiki a matsayin direbobi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: bayan da ya zama sanannen matukin jirgi, Anisimov ya jagoranci jerin jerin mayaƙan ja biyar da suka tashi a lokacin zangon kan Red Square shekaru da yawa a jere.

Yakin duniya na farko

A shekara ta 1914, a daidai lokacin daya daga cikin kwanakin haihuwar Alexander Frolovich (Yuli 28), yakin duniya na farko ya ƙare. Bayan kwana uku, Rasha ta shiga yakin Turai mai tsanani - a ranar 31 ga watan Yuli, aka sanar da tarurruka, kuma direktan Novgorod ya maye gurbin sakon takalmin don kayan soja. Rundunar jiragen sama na sojojin Rasha sun kasance mafi yawa daga cikin abokan tarayya, amma masu kwararrun kwararru a cikinsu basu da matukar wahala. Sojojin da suke da fasaha na fasaha sun aika don horar da su kuma sun zama masu aikin injiniya.

Anisimov ya yi karatu a ShMAS (makarantar sakandare na manyan jiragen sama), wanda aka kafa bisa ga Cibiyar Harkokin Kimiyya a St. Petersburg. Ayyukan na'urorin injiniya a cikin hanyar haɓaka da dama da aka horar da su don hidimar jirgin sama a gaba. Bayan kammala karatun, a cikin Fabrairun 1915, wani sabon motar motsa jiki-jami'in da ba shi da izini Anisimov-ya zo a tawagar 'yan wasan 4th.

Matukin gwaji - a cikin Rasha tsattsauran ra'ayi, ko da wani ɗan saurayi bai iya mafarkin irin wannan mafarki ba. Amma mataki na farko akan hanyar zuwa sama.

Warlet

Juyin juyin juya hali da yakin basasa da suka biyo baya ba mu bari mu koma aikin zaman lafiya ba. Alexander Frolovich ya kasance a cikin rukuni na masu juyin juya hali, wanda ya hambarar da Gwamnatin Gudanarwa kuma ya yi yaki da Junkers na Vladimir School, wanda ya shirya jawabai masu banbanci. Bayan ya shiga cikin rundunar sojojin Red Army, ya ci gaba da aiki a jirgin sama. Babban jami'in injiniya yana aiki da jirgin sama wanda ke yin jiragen yaki a kan matsayi na fararen fata da fararen fata, yana gudanar da bincike a baya na sojojin Yudenich. Amma akwai burin ci gaba da tashi a sama kuma Anisimov yana neman jagorancin karatu a makarantar iska na Yegoryevskaya. Tsohon asibiti, wanda aka sanya 'yan wasa, kananan kwayoyin halitta ga mutane biyu da ɗakunan ajiya - makarantar bai ba da ilmi kawai ba. Har yanzu ya koyi ya tashi.

Bayan da ya karbi ɓangaren horo na horo (1922), Anisimov ya fara aikin horo a makarantun jiragen sama na Kachinsk da Moscow (1923). Bayan shekara guda, makarantar iska a Serpukhov - a nan shi ke kula da basirar harbiyar iska da boma-bamai. Bayan horaswa a rukunin sojojin rundunar soja na rundunar sojan sama, sojan jirgin saman Anisimov, wanda ya riga ya shirya don yin wani aiki, ya zo wurin sabis. Wata hanya mai wuya zuwa sama ta wuce.

Anisimov ya yi imanin cewa matukin jirgi ne mai zane a cikin sama. Sabili da haka, dole ne ya kasance da rubutun kansa. Matasan matasan wani lokaci sun ce yana jin tsoron gasar kuma saboda haka bai bayyana asirin kwarewarsa ba.

Cin da sama

Jita-jita ya tashi ta cikin jiragen sama na jirgin sama: wani soja ya fito a Kiev, wanda ke da fasaha maras kyau. Alexander Frolovich yana da fasaha mai zafi. Hanyar da aka fi so shi ne matukin jirgi a ƙananan ƙarfin - cikakken lissafi, tabbatar da fasaha, ƙarfin zuciya da kyakkyawar ma'anar inji. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci matasan jirgin saman ya sami babban nasara kuma an nada shi don umurni da haɗin kai a 3 Kiev Squadron. Gayyatar da za ta zama matukin gwaji a Cibiyar Sojan Sama (1928) ya kasance sanannun fitattun kwarewarsa. Ko da yake shi mutum ne mai wahala - yana so ya yi jayayya, zai iya yin magana da sauri. Yawancin su sunyi tsutsa da kalmomin da ya fi so "guy". Babu wanda ya san abin da wannan ma'anar. A karkashin yanayi daban-daban - daga mamaki zuwa raina.

A wannan lokacin ne jirgin saman Anisimov ya zama jarrabawar sababbin mayakan mayakan. Pavel Sukhoi, a karkashin shugabanci na Sergei kirar Tupolev halitta na-4 - na farko duk-karfe haske jirgin saman soja. I-5, wanda N. Polikarpov da D. Grigorovich suka tsara, daga bisani ya zama babban misali na jirgin sama a cikin jirgin sama. Anisimov ya ba da tikitin zuwa sama. Alexander Frolovich a I-4 ya halarci wani babban aikin tsara fasinjoji na Soviet - "Link", wanda ya dauka kara fadin kewayon mayakan haske - aika da su na nesa da aka dakatar a karkashin fikafikan babban jirgi. A 1931, an nada Anisimova don umurni da wasu masu shaida a Cibiyar Nazarin Air Force.

A cikin matsayi na mafi kyau

Mutane da yawa masu horar da sojan Soviet sune abokan aiki na Anisimov a aikin gwajin a Cibiyar Nazarin Air Force. MM Gromov, AB Yumashev, IF Kozlov, AI Zalevsky. Harkokin abokantaka na zaman lafiya ya haɗa shi da kwarewa da gwajin basira - Valery Chkalov, wanda ya sadu a makarantar Egoryevskaya Aviation. Sun sau da yawa gudu a nau'i-nau'i - Chkalov da Anisimov. Alexander Frolovich da girmamawa sosai ga Valery, wanda ya kasance yaro fiye da shi shekaru 7. Aboki mafi kyau a duniya - a sararin sama sun zama halayen da ba'a iya canzawa. Sakin farar hula na rashin lafiya, wanda aka kalli duk filin jirgin sama da zuciya mai raunin zuciya, ya ƙare sau da yawa a fursunonin hukuma. Amma gwada sababbin motoci, masu jirgi suna jin dadin su ne don duba yanayin halayensu a kowane hali, mafi wuya.

Wani ɗan makaranta a makaranta shine PI Grokhovsky. Ya zama mai zane, wanda Alexander Frolovich ya samu abubuwan kirkiro. Grokhovsky yayi tsanani a cikin tsarin siginan kwamfuta. Shi ne wanda ya zo tare da hanyar sauko da kaya tare da taimakon wani rashin lafiya. Jirgin gwajin da ya jagoranci jirgin sama a lokacin gwaji ya kasance AF Anisimov.

Abin sha'awa

Dalili akan ka'idojin jiragen sama da kuma hooliganism na iska Anisimov da Chkalov sun kasance "baƙi" masu yawa a fadar filin jirgin sama. Sau da yawa, kai tsaye daga kamara, an kawo su zuwa filin jirgin sama domin nunawa wakilan kasashen waje damar yin gwagwarmaya na sabuwar mayakan Soviet. Kuma dukansu biyu masu zirga-zirga sun kirkiro dukkanin wadannan abubuwa masu rai, wadanda aka tura su a ofisoshin.

Jirgin fashewar

Mutuwar Alexander Anisimov ya zo ne saboda sakamakon hadarin jirgin sama. Oktoba 11, 1933 a filin saukar jirgin sama ya isa gaguwa don ya harbi jirgin Anisimov a kan jirgin saman I-5. Wasan gwagwarmayar ya tashi a wani ƙasa mai zurfi kuma ya kasance mai cikakke da abubuwa mairobatics. Kafin saukowa, matukan jirgi sau da yawa sun sauko tsaye zuwa kyamarar fim din, suna dauke da jirgin sama daga pike sama da ƙasa kanta. Sa'an nan ya yi immelman kuma saboda haka an maimaita sau da dama. A wasan kwaikwayon na gaba na adadi, jirgin ya yi kama da daskarewa a saman tudu na Immelman tare da ƙafafun sun juya sama. Rage gudu, sai ya fara nutsewa. Kuma ya fadi a kasa - dama a gidan, tare da ƙafafun suna kallon sama. Ƙarshen aikin jirgin saman jirgin sama - haɗari ya faru ne saboda fashewar motar da ta motsa a cikin jirgin ya juya. A wannan rana, jarrabawar gwadawa da kuma matukin jirgi mai suna Anisimov ya mutu. An yanke tarihin nasarorin aikin jirgin sama kamar yadda ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda aka kaddamar da shinge, wanda ya zama matukin jirgi na rayuwa.

Maimakon kalmomin bayanan

Abin takaici ne, amma akwai wani ɓangaren mutuwar mai shahararren dan wasan. Malamin jirgin ruwa M. Kaminsky ya tuna cewa kafin saukarwa, Anisimov ya yi "madaidaiciyaccen matsala" sau da yawa, yayin da yake cikin yanayinsa jirgin ya kusan fadi ƙasa. A wannan lokaci, da Airfield ya sanya saukowa bincike jirgin sama P-5. Halinsa ya keta jagorancin motsi na I-5, wanda Anisimov ya jagoranci. Don kaucewa karo, Alexander Frolovich ya yi ƙoƙari ya jagoranci mayaƙin, amma tsawo ya yi yawa. Jirgin ya tashi a ƙasa tare da reshe - matashin jirgin ya mutu.

Shaidar wannan bala'in shine VP. Chkalov. A lokacin jana'izar abokinsa sai ya tsaya a cikin kulawa da girmamawa kuma ya damu sosai. Akwai hawaye a idanunsa.