Spruce - abin da yake da shi? Spruce itace. Conifers (photo)

Wakilin daya daga cikin mutane da yawa jinsunan conifers Pine iyali, saba wa duk spruce, gare ta da sunan ga tsoho Romawa. Yana sauti kamar cewa fassarar kalmar "guduro". A cikin daula na kore spruce shi ne daya daga cikin wurare na farko, da kuma nasa ne da HALITTAR a cikinsa akwai kusan 50 jinsunan shuke-shuke, kowa a duniya, daga arewacin Turai da Asiya ta tsakiya zuwa Arewacin Amirka. Abin da ya faru spruce, abin da irin itacen? Har yaushe shi zaune a cikin duniya, kuma abin da daukan nau'i? Bari mu yi kokarin nemo amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi.

description spruce

Tall, madaidaiciya-akwati, siririn Evergreen itatuwa tare da m conical kambi, narrower a wani matasa shekaru, an rufe tare da spruce rassan zuwa ga ƙasa. Su akwati ne da wuya a ga - shi ne boye ta widest spruce "paws". Sun itatuwa da m haushi launin toka da brownish tint a kan tsohon spruce bishiya shi ne mafi dabara, wani lokacin luschitsya. Needles allura, da kuma iya rike da rassan har zuwa 7-9 shekaru, amma tare da tabarbarewar Kare Mahalli na wadannan srokisokraschayutsya, kuma a cikin birane yanayi kiyayewa needles ne kasa da shekaru 3. Needles - guda, quadrangular ko flattened spirally shirya a kan rassan. Cones rataye, elongated, cylindrical. Ripening a fall, suka bude tare da iri waste. Seed Cones flakes da fadi da tushe rufe kananan tsaba bayar da fuka-fuki cupped kewaye da su.

A halayyar fasali na shuke-shuke

Description fir bayyana: shi ne daya daga wani fairly undemanding shuka a Duniya. Yana yana low ƙasa haihuwa, daidai tsira a kan sosai matalauta kasa. Ta ba ji tsoron Inuwa gangara kuma kananan yankunan na ƙasa waterlogging. Ta shi ne wuce yarda da Hardy, kuma ba ji tsoron kaifi nahiyar sauyin yanayi. Amma mafi jinsunan ba zai iya tsayayya da gas gurbatawa da hayaki, Duk da haka itace amfani a birane gyara shimfidar wuri, kuma an yi amfani da duka a cikin guda kuma kungiyar plantings a wuraren shakatawa zuwa malls da kuma dusar ƙanƙara kariya tube. Dwarf ko Dwarf ornamental siffofi ne cikakke ga Popular wuri mai faɗi da kananan gidãjen Aljanna, tsaunuka da dutse gidãjen Aljanna.

Turai spruce, ko talakawa

Sunan wannan itace yayi magana don kansa, kuma daidai nuna yanki na ta mazauninsu. Norway spruce tsiro a Turai ɓangare na Rasha. Shi ne tushen kafa da taiga. A arewa na Siberia da kuma Turai Rasha iri-iri talakawa spruce hankali maye gurbinsu Siberian spruce. Abin da irin itacen? A tantancewa tsakanin wadannan iri akwai. A zabi na girma yanayi spruce ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga larch da kuma Pine itatuwa, amma ba intraspecific kaifi bambance-bambance. Su ne don haka Shade, wanda shi ne quite wuya ga girma a cikin bude treeless yankunan, kamar yadda a mataki na uku samu a karkashin hanya a cikin ci gaban da harbe lalace ta koma spring frosts ko samun sunburns. Bugu da kari, sosai ya shafa da ciyawa gobara, jawo by yanayi sa wuta.

A lokuta da kuma halaye na itacen girma

A farko shekaru 10 fir itace ke tsiro sannu a hankali. Sai girma kudi zai tashi sharply, da kuma bayan 100-120 shekaru sake dakatar. M, spasmodic ci gaban da wani Turai fir. Mene ne a gane tsira - ya dade da aka sani. Idan yanayin yarda, shi ne sauƙin rayu har zuwa 250-300 shekaru. A mafi kyau gona domin shi ne baƙin yumɓu da kuma supeschaniki. Don su shi Forms mai zurfi tushen tsarin, da tabbaci rike shi a kan surface. Amma spruce - a lover quite damp wurare. A ɓarna, m ƙasa itace siffofin da wani kananan m tushen tsarin da ba zai iya taimaka amma fāɗi ƙasa a lokacin da karfi gusts na iska. Spruce sa ma wani karamin ruwa-gizo, idan yana kwarara hali. Ya kamata a lura cewa tushen tsarin na spruce muhimmanci kasa fiye da na Pine, wanda ya bayyana ta rashin zaman lafiya a cikin iska. A peculiarity na itace ne da cewa ta ƙananan rassan mutu kashe da kuma ba su adana bushe, don haka a spruce gandun daji ne quite duhu da kuma damp.

Girmancin yanayi suna ci

Spruce iya girma a mafi yankuna na Turai na Rasha, a Siberia da kuma a cikin Far East. Amma wannan shi ne wani sosai m irin na itace. Yana da kyau shuka shi karkashin alfarwa more barga Flora - itacen oak, Birch ko Pine. Wannan yana da muhimmanci musamman ga fairly bushe da matalauta kasa a kan abin da fir tsiro nauyi, kamar yadda fĩfĩta ga ta da kyau-moistened ƙasa. Spruce ne yafi wuya cikin sharuddan girma fiye da itatuwa masu kaya, wanda zai iya da kyau girma a bushe yashi kasa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa spruce kuma Pine da wuya girma tare - ma yanayi daban-daban da suke bukata.

haifuwa

Spruce ne sauki girma daga tsaba tattara ne mai sauqi qwarai: kawai yanka 'yan kaka fir Cones kuma rike su gida ta bushe tsaf. ba lallai ba ne su kwasfa kashe su. Vysohnuv, bumps zai bayyana kansu, kuma ba da iri, wanda yawanci kyau kwarai germination. Su ya kamata a bi da wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate, sa'an nan sanya a cikin tukwane da calcined kogin yashi, zaglubit 1-1.5 cm. Kwantena saka a kan babba shiryayye daga cikin firiji to stratification. Wannan hanya wajibi ne, kamar yadda a cikin halitta duniya duk da tsaba conifers fallasa da sanyi. Stratification stimulates germination na seedlings. Untreated tsaba na iya karya sanyi a cikin ƙasa da shekaru da yawa, amma bai zo up. Zama sanyi kwantena ya zama watanni 3. Bayan wannan lokaci, wani iri dasa tanki da aka sanya a cikin wani haske da dumi wuri.

dasa lokaci

Manufa dasa lokaci ne karshen Oktoba - Nuwamba. Idan da tsaba suna dasa su a wannan lokaci, da damar su fita daga cikin firiji ya zama a watan Fabrairu ko Maris. Wannan shi ne mafi m lokaci for germination, kamar yadda spring zo, kara hasken rana hours, kuma duk da tsire-tsire fara girma.

Watering da kuma kula

germination seedlings bukatar musamman m watering, kamar yadda ya kamata aiki daidai da yanayi. Bayan duk, a cikin bazara, lokacin da snowmelt, kasar gona musamman hydrated. A zafi da kuma zafi - ainihin yanayin kunnawa da coniferous seedlings. Bayan mako biyu ya hau baby-fir. Mene ne real ephedra, ana iya gani nan da nan: na farko ya bayyana needles. Yanzu ya kamata mu yi hankali da kuma ci gaba da auna, watau. E. Ruwa da sprouts ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda wajibi ne, da guje wa duka biyu underfilling da kuma wuce kima danshi. Da zarar kowane mako biyu matasa fir bukatar ciyar da sassauta topsoil.

Lokacin da waje warmer da kuma ja da baya returnable daskararre, kananan seedlings za a iya dasa a cikin ƙasa. A cikin rami kafin dasa ƙara takin ko humus, gauraye da ƙasa, da kuma kadan hadaddun takin. Mafi Kirsimeti itatuwa ba su ciyar da. Sakawa shuke-shuke a cikin wani rami, a tushen hankali zuba ƙasa, tamped zubar da ruwa da kuma haifar da wani kananan
rufe littattafai na wani greenhouse, film ko gilashi kwalba. Wajibi ne mafi m acclimation na seedlings.

Seedlings a greenhouses ya kamata a ventilated kowace rana. Suna bukatar su kasance a buɗe, cire condensate da kuma duba ƙasa danshi. Bayan 7-10 kwanaki, da tsari za a iya kawar da ƙasa a kusa da firs zamulchirovat don adana ƙasa danshi. Yawancin lokaci a Nurseries seedlings fir girma a cikin kwantena 3-4 shekaru. Kamar yadda itace ke tsiro sosai a hankali, sa'an nan kuma wannan lokacin an dauke mafi kyau duka ga nasara kara raya ephedra kira spruce. Seedlings na wannan zamani suna more saba da zazzabi matuƙa, su daina ji tsoron frosts da kunar rana a jiki. Dasa su, kuma tare da wani miya da mai kyau watering.

Species ci abinci da su aikace-aikace

Kamar da yawa conifers, spruce, quite ado. Yana ta kasance wani ado na Rasha gidan gona, lambuna da gonakin. Yau, godiya ga wani babban gudanar da kiwo aiki, nuna mutane da yawa irin na mai amfani a cikin lambu gyara shimfidar wuri. Herringbone, da kaina girma daga zuriya, ba kawai a yi ado da mãkirci, amma kuma zai iya zama da progenitor na iyali hadisin. Wannan hanya na namo spruce tsaba dace da iri daban-daban da tsayi. Bugu da kari, irin wannan namo ne mai garanti na wani kyakkyawan karbuwa daga seedlings zuwa yanayin damina na yankin. Na data kasance iri musamman da hankali ga wuri mai faɗi zanen janyo hankalin Dwarf spruce. Low-girma iri yawanci ba su wuce mita a tsawo, suna da wani m m kambi. Su ne mai girma ga ado lambu qagaggun, rock da mai tsayi gidãjen Aljanna. Daya daga cikin mafi m da kuma rare wakilan wadannan jinsunan - spruce Nidiformis.

Dwarf siffofin: description

Nidiformis - cultivar tare da wani madauwari kambi siffar da wani tsakiyar sako. Tree tsawo kawai kai 1 m, da kuma kambi kai diamita na 3 m. A mĩƙe kambi da aka kafa a matsayin wani gida, a matsayin babban rassan itace ba su da samuwa, da kuma da yawa harbe girma kamar fan. Gorgeous short duhu kore needles, sosai m kuma gaba ɗaya ya rufe rassan. Itace ke tsiro sosai a hankali, kara shekara guda babu fiye 3-4 cm tsawo da kuma 5-7 cm m. Herringbone undemanding ga kasar gona, ke tsiro da kyau a moderately m supeschanikah wani matakin na acidity, amma za a iya rasa idan kusanci da tushen tsarin kullum ruwan karkashin kasa. Wannan spruce, kazalika da dukan low-girma conifers, photos of wanda aka gabatar sosai na ado. A jinkirin girma shi iya ajiye da zarar halitta wuri mai faɗi da shekaru masu zuwa. Nidiformisy Hardy, amma matasa shuke-shuke ne mafi kyau, su ɓõye da barazana da dawowar spring frosts.

Evergreen Dwarf conifers: haifuwa

Tsumburai nau'i ne ba su da tsarki jinsin da kuma haifa kawai vegetatively - by cuttings da kuma layering, amma ba da tsaba. Cewa wadannan tsire-tsire ne da sakamakon maye gurbi na daban-daban na conifers, da kuma na zuriyarsu, kamar yadda mai mulkin al'ada girma da tsayi, ba Dwarf conifers. Hotuna ado Dwarf nau'in za a iya samu a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Idan ka noma irin ephedra kadai ba ya aiki, kadai hanya - da store. Dwarf itatuwa yawanci sayar a cikin kwantena. Ainihin mulki a lokacin da sayen wannan fairly tsada saya ne mai karfi da imani da cewa tushen tsarin na seedlings ne da karfi, da raya, ba lalace ba mechanically kuma kwari. Amma kafin faruwa ga kantin sayar da ya kamata karanta bayanai game da siffar da kambi, musamman da girman shuka da kuma kula da su.

Mutane da yawa Pine jinsunan shekaru da yawa kiyaye mai kyau siffar ko da na sa. Low-girma jinsunan iya farko da wani mai siffar zobe kambi, kuma a kan lokaci ta samar da wata mazugi. Duk da haka, spruce kuma Pine - itatuwa ne don haka na kowa, cewa ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin Rasha ba tare da wadannan majestic conifers.