Gama dukan duniya mafi shahara "kiran katin" na Rasha ne Kremlin, Red Square da kuma St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo a Moscow. A karshen yana da ma sauran sunayen, mafi mashahuri wanda shine Cathedral na Ceto a kan Moat.
Overview
Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo bikin ta 450th ranar tunawa da 02.07.2011 Wannan musamman tsarin da aka gina a kan Red Square. Amazing a cikin kyakkyawa haikali wakiltar wani hadadden majami'u sõyayya da na kowa tushe. Har ma da wadanda suka san kome game da gine na Rasha, za su gane Church Vasiliya Blazhennogo. A babban coci yana da wani musamman alama - duk da m domes ne daban-daban daga juna.
A cikin babban (Ceto) na coci ne iconostasis, wanda aka koma daga hallaka a 1770, da Kremlin Church of Chernigov mu'ujiza ma'aikata. A cikin ginshiki na Church na Ceto na Uwar Allah ne mafi muhimmanci da gumaka na Cathedral, mafi tsoho na su - icon na Vasiliya Blazhennogo (XVI karni.), Written musamman domin wannan coci. Nan da nan a kan nuni gumaka na XVII karni.: Our Lady of Alamar da Ceto na Theotokos. A farko kofe da image, located a gefen gabas na facade na coci.
Tarihi na bayyanar da haikali
St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, tarihin gina wanda ya samu wata lambar camfin da Legends, gina ta ne sarki na farko na Rasha Ivana Groznogo. Yana da aka sadaukar da muhimmanci taron - wato, da nasara a kan Kazan Khanate. Abin baƙin ciki masana tarihi, gine-ginen sunayen halitta wannan kwantantuwa fitacciyar, ba na tsira. Akwai da yawa versions kamar yadda ya ke yi aiki a kan gina Haikali, amma muhimmanci da ba Mubã wanda Ya halitta St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Moscow shi ne babban birni na Rasha, saboda haka sarki ya taru a babban birnin na mafi kyau Masters. A cewar daya daga hadisin shi ne babban m na Pskov Postnik Yakovlev lakabi Barma. Wani version gaba daya rikitar wannan. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa ma'aikacin bar da Faster - daban-daban Masters. Ko da karin rikice taso daga uku version, wanda ya furta cewa St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo a Moscow da aka gina ta Italian m. Amma mafi mashahuri labari game da wannan haikali ne daya wanda yana nufin makanta na gine-ginen, wanda Ya halitta wannan fitacciyar, don haka da cewa ba su iya maimaita ya halitta.
Asalin sunan
Abin mamaki shine, duk da cewa babban coci da haikalin da aka sadaukar domin Ruhu Mai Virgin, a duniya shi ne da aka sani a matsayin St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Moscow ya kasance kullum mai yawa wawaye (albarka "mutane na Allah"), amma sunan daya daga cikinsu, an rubuta har abada a cikin tarihi na Rasha. Mad Basil ya rayu a titi, kuma ko da a cikin hunturu tafi shirtless. A wannan yanayin duk jikinsa festooned sarƙoƙi da suke sarƙoƙi da ya fi girma crosses. Wannan mutumin yana sosai girmamawa a Moscow. Ko da Sarkin bi da shi tare da uncharacteristic tsoronsa. Vasiliy Blazhenny girmama 'yan ƙasa a matsayin mu'ujiza ma'aikacin. Ya mutu a cikin 1552, da kuma a 1588 kabarinsa da aka gina a coci. Yana da wannan tsari ya ba da na kowa suna ga wannan haikali.
St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (bayanin)
Kusan duk wanda ya kai ziyara Moscow san cewa babban alama ce Rasha ne Red Square. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo ne daya daga cikin mafi m wurare a cikin dukan hadaddun na gine-gine da kuma Monuments located a kan shi. Da haikalin da aka lashe tare da 10 m domes. Around da primary (main) Church kira Ceto symmetrically shirya takwas sauransu. Su an gina a cikin nau'i na takwas nuna star. Duk wadannan majami'u alamar ya yiwuwa ga kwana na shan na Kazan Khanate addini holidays.
Domes na St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo da kararrawa hasumiya
Takwas majami'u lashe tare da bulbous 8 surori. Babban (tsakiyar) gini ne cikakken "tanti", sama da yakan kadan, "cupola". Goma Dome aka gina a kan coci kararrawa hasumiya. Mene ne daukan hankali shi ne cewa duk da yake cikin Haikali domes ne gaba daya daban-daban daga juna a cikin irin zane da launi.
Modern kararrawa hasumiyar da coci da aka gina a kan site na haihuwa belfry, wanda gaba daya auku a cikin disrepair a XVII karni. Yana da aka gina a 1680 a tushe da kararrawa hasumiya ne m high mudu uku, wanda ya gina octagon. Shi yana da wani waje yankin a kewaye da 8 da ginshiƙai. Suna dukkan juna arched Al'arshinSa. Top shafukan lashe high octagonal alfarwa, da gefuna wanda aka yi wa ado da fale-falen na launi daban-daban (fari, blue, rawaya, launin ruwan kasa). Gezar tiles rufe kore curly. A saman alfarwa ne bulbous kai, shugaba da wani octagonal giciye. Ciki da filaye a kan katako, bim rataye karrarawa, wanda aka jefa baya a XVII-XIX ƙarni.
gine-gine da siffofin
Nine Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral majami'u juna da na kowa tushe da kuma wani gallery. Its alama ne a whimsical zane, babban muradi daga waxanda suke da na fure kayayyaki. A musamman style of haikali hadawa da al'adar biyu Turai da kuma Rasha gine na Renaissance. A rarrabe da babban coci ne duka arched takware. A tsawo daga cikin haikali (zuwa ga mafi girman al'arshi) 65 m Names majalisar Ikklisiya :. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, Triniti, Shahidai Adrian kuma Natalia, ƙofar Urushalima, Ioanna Milostivogo, Varlaama Hutynskogo, Aleksandra Svirskogo, Gregory da Armenian, da Kariya daga cikin Uwar Allah.
Wata sifa ta wannan haikali ne cewa shi yana da wani ginshiki. Shi ne musamman karfi ginshiki ganuwar (kai mai kauri daga 3 m). A tsawo daga kowane daga cikin wuraren ne kamar 6.5 m. Dukan yi arewacin haikali ne na musamman kamar yadda dogon torispherical vault ginshiki yana da wani taimako da ginshiƙai. Ganuwar da ginin "yanka" da ake kira "iska ramuka", wanda suna kunkuntar takware. Su samar da musamman microclimate a cikin coci. Shekaru ginshiki gabatarwa ba samuwa to parishioners. Nishi-makon jiya, inda aka yi amfani da matsayin ajiya da kuma rufe ƙofa, gaban wanda yake a yanzu kawai nuna a kan ganuwar da madauki. An yi imani da cewa kafin karshen XVI. suka kiyaye baitulmali na gidan sarki.
A hankali a hankali canji na Majalisar
Kawai a karshen da XVI karni. a kan Haikali zo da curly shugaban, wanda ya maye gurbin asalin rufi, ya ƙone a wani wuta. Wannan Orthodox Cathedral ga XVII karni. kira Trinity, a matsayin sosai farko katako coci, wanda aka located a kan site, aka gina shi a cikin girmamawa ga Triniti Mai Tsarki. Asalinsu wannan gini ne mai mafi tsaurara kuma m bayyanar, domin an gina na dutse da tubali. Kawai a cikin XVII karni. All domes aka yi wa ado da yumbu fale-falen. A lokaci guda zuwa ga haikalin da aka kara wa asymmetric yi. To, akwai mutane alfarwansu kan shirayi da m zane-zane na ganuwar da ceilings. A daidai wannan lokacin, a kan garun, da rufi zanen bayyana m. A shekarar 1931, kafin Haikalin da aka gina wani gini a Minin da Pozharsky. Don kwanan wata, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo ne a cikin hadin gwiwa iko na Rasha Orthodox Church da Historical Museum a Moscow. Wannan gini shi ne al'adun na Rasha. A kyakkyawa da bambancinsa da wannan Haikali da nuna godiya a duk faɗin duniya. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo a Moscow alaka Duniya Heritage ta UNESCO.
Darajar Kariya Cathedral a cikin Tarayyar Soviet
Duk da zalunci na Soviet da iko a game da addini da kuma lalata wata babbar dama majami'u, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo a Moscow a 1918 da aka sanya a karkashin jihar kariya a matsayin al'adu abin tunawa daga duniya muhimmancin. Yana da aka a wannan lokacin, duk kokarin da hukumomi sun mayar da hankali a kan halittar wani gidan kayan gargajiya a cikinsa. Na farko shi ne rikon cikin Haikali Archpriest John Kuznetsov. Shi ne ya yi kusan shi kadai ya kula da gina tabbatarwa, ko da yake yanayin da aka kawai mugun abu ne. A shekarar 1923, da Cathedral aka located tarihi-gine gidan kayan gargajiya "Pokrovsky Cathedral". Tuni a cikin shekara 1928, ya zama daya daga cikin rassan da jihar Historical Museum. A shekara ta 1929, tare da shi duk da karrarawa da bauta da aka cire su da aka dakatar. Duk da cewa Haikali domin kusan a shekara ɗari da kullum da ake gyara, ta lãbãri da aka rufe ne kawai sau daya - a lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War.
St. Basil ta Cathedral a 1991-2014 biennium.
Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo mayar da su cikin hadin gwiwa da yin amfani da Rasha Orthodox Church da kuma jihar Historical Museum. A 15.08.1997, a cikin coci aka koma a kan holidays, kuma Lahadi da sabis. Tun shekarar 2011, bude to baya m chapels, inda sabon nune-nunen aka shirya.