Sufi na Saint Euthymius, Suzdal: photo, adireshin, bude hours, tarihi

Idan har abada akwai wani birnin da ke kanta mai gidan kayan gargajiya, wannan Suzdal. Its m tarihi bai sani kawai, an kiyaye su a cikin tarihi, amma kuma gabatar a yau a cikin mutum ɗari uku Monuments cewa wani bangare ne na Vladimir-Suzdal gine-gine na tsohon.

Sufi na Saint Euthymius - daya daga cikin tsofaffin Monuments na gine-gine, wanda na da tarihi na "rayuwa", kamar yadda a cikin birni da kanta.

Suzdal

Rich Suzdal ya ɓangare na girma Kievan Rus, amma shekara da kafa birnin ne ba a sani ba. A karo na farko shi ne aka ambata a cikin farkon 11th karni a tarihin, ya gaya labarin baƙauye tashin hankali.

Kafa a kan site na wani a baya cinikayya ƙauyuka, Suzdal ya fara girma cikin sauri. Its yi ya fara, kamar mafi biranen lokaci, tare da Kremlin, wanda aka kafa a kusa da gidajensu. Suzdal har yanzu kiyaye wannan ci gaban shirin, kamar yadda yake a tsufa, ko da yake ƙone zuwa ga ƙasa sau da yawa.

Domin da farko lokacin da wannan ya faru saboda yakin tankiyar da Chernigov Prince Oleg da magada Vladimira Monomaha. Gina sake, Suzdal aka baya ƙone ta mangolawa a 1238. Its sabon heyday fara a cikin 14th karni, a lokacin da shi ba kawai arziki birni, amma kuma cibiyar addinin Kirista. Alal misali, gina a 1352, sufi na Saint Euthymius, da yawa Ibada a cikin tenements da Pokrovsky sufi janyo hankalin mahajjata da muminai daga ko'ina Rasha.

Bayan Moscow ya zama shafin na Moscow shugabanninmu, Suzdal rasa ta tsohon daukaka, ya zama wani lardin gari, don haka a yau shi ne ainihin gine-gine da kayan gargajiya. Masana'an bai shãfe wannan kyakkyawan wuri, don haka shi ne dutse mai daraja daga cikin shahararrun yawon shakatawa hanya "The Golden Zobe na Rasha".

sufi Building

Sufi na Saint Euthymius, wanda tarihi Dates baya ga 14th karni, aka kafa ta ne daga al'amarin Prince Boris, wanda ya yi mulki a lokacin da Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal sarauta. Asali shi ne sunan da Transfiguration na mai ceto, amma a cikin memory daga mazaunin Euphemia, wanda gangarawa shi fiye da shekaru 50, an sake masa suna. Asalinsu aka yi da itace, da Saint Euthymius sufi da aka gina a sake a cikin 16th karni tare da yin amfani da tubali da kuma a cikin wannan nau'i na tsira har yau.

Location of sufi kan bankunan na kogin Kamenka, da kuma a gefen arewa na gari ya na dabarun muhimmancin. A kewaye a cikin 1200 mita da wani garu bango tare da matsara hasumiya, sufi na Saint Euthymius (Suzdal) ya mai real yaƙi sansanin soja da kuma kariya ga birane mazauna.

Wadannan garun da yake kewaye da sufi da aka gina a cikin marigayi 17th karni, da kuma 12 watchtowers da loopholes a lokacin sun fi iko a lardin Vladimir. Babbar ne mai tafiya hasumiya, wanda tsayinsa ne 22 mita. Shi ne ƙofar Haikali, ko da yake ta yi aikin da wannan aikin Gate Church na Gaske Shelar, wanda ya shiga cikin sufi na Saint Euthymius kuma ya cikin ganuwar. A lokacin da matsaloli da gina irin wannan karfafa sufi da aka mai larura, saboda a Orthodox majami'u da aka ceto daga invaders hari.

Zuhudu gine-gine: Transfiguration Cathedral

Yau da sufi na Saint Euthymius (Suzdal gari) yana 14 gine-gine da Monuments, wanda suna da kyau kiyaye su.

Na farko da dutse gini ya Church na Mai-Ceto, wanda aka gina a cikin shekara 1507-1511 a kan zubar da farko mazaunin na sufi - Euphemia. Lokacin da mai ceto Transfiguration Cathedral, shi ya shiga da tsarin zama ɗakin sujada da aka gina a 1564.

A yau shi ne ba kawai na yanzu babban coci, amma kuma na musamman da gine-gine da tsarin, a cikin abin da frescoes halitta a cikin 16th karni. Mafi muhimmanci shi ne da zanen ganuwar sanya girma Masters daga Kostroma sojojin Savina da Guriem Nikitinym (shekaru 17). A zuciya na frescoes - da biography of St. Euthymius, da kuma hoto na Grand Prince Vsevoloda Vladimirskogo. Images sarakunan Mikhail Fedorovich kuma Alexei Mikhailovich ma wani ɓangare na labarin canza launin mural.

The kyau fari-dutse babban coci, da wani ɓangare na sufi na Saint Euthymius a Suzdal (wanda adireshin: Lenin Street, 148a), shi ne wani wuri don adana mai tsarki kaya daga St. Euphemia. Su huta a yi a 1823 a azurfa reliquary.

Har ila yau, Transfiguration Cathedral ne binne wuri Dmitriya Pozharskogo da iyalinsa. A nan ana adana mallakarmu, bayar da zuwa babban coci - shroud, wanda shi ne na sarki da kaina ado da matarsa, da kuma Bisharar da wani rubutu.

ƙofar hasumiyar

Ba kamar sauran hasumiyai shigar yana da wani square siffar. An liyi tare da ja bulo warin kasu kashi biyu. Ƙananan ɓangare na wani mafi tsanani ne bandwidth da kuma kunshi biyu arched sassa daga Kyoto a kan su.

A na sama na hasumiyar mafi m. Tun lokacin da aka gani daga nesa (gini tsawo na 22 mita), saman bene da aka yi wa ado architraves da kuma "bel" Ya sanya daga tubalin, wanda ya ba da shi a wasu "lightness" da alheri.

Ƙare ƙofar hasumiyar hipped rufin. A 17th karni shi aka lalace ta walƙiya, kuma an ba a mayar shekaru da yawa. Maido da za'ayi a 1860, har yanzu da kyau kiyaye.

Yau, a kan-site tafiya arches ne tikitin ayyuka da kuma sayar da litattafai.

The sufi kararrawa hasumiya

Kowane coci na da musamman ringing na karrarawa, da kuma Suzdal sufi na Saint Euthymius ne ba togiya. Belfry na Orthodox yi a kanta dukan labarin, kamar yadda gina da kuma a daban-daban sau da tare da daban-daban gine-gine styles.

A farkon ɓangare na Belfry - abin da ake kira kararrawa stolpovaya Church of Ioanna Predtechi. A tsarin yana 9 fuskoki, wanda ba na hali daga cikin saba kararrawa hasumiya, ko da yaushe suna da wani ko da yawan kusassari. A cewar labari, da sunan da ake dangantawa da haihuwar Yahaya 4.

Kananan a size, da coci kararrawa aka yi nufi ga ikirari grand shugabannai da sarakuna.

Shi ne gallery a kan abin da yarima iya wuce kada a gane shi, guje wa da yawa mahajjata da kuma muminai. Yana haɗu da coci da arhimadrita gidan da Agogon hasumiya. A karrarawa na 16th karni, da rashin alheri, ba a kiyaye su kamar yadda suka sufuri da smelter a 1932. A baya can, sun kasance alama ga 'yan'uwa in je ga wani abinci, ko wata addu'a. Yau, da sauti na karrarawa kira muminai zuwa ga sabis a nan kusa Transfiguration Cathedral.

Zato Refectory Church

Daura da Belfry zato refectory coci, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin na farko a Rasha gine-gine da alfarwa Tsarin. Yana da aka gina a 1525, kuma yana a gefe daya a ɗakin sujada a cikin nau'i na al'amudin-kamar coci, mai suna girmama na shahidi Diomede, da kuma a kan sauran - daki na refectory ya hau rufin.

Ƙananan ɓangare na sufaye amfani ga iyali bukatun, yayin da babba gidan shi ne refectory.

Wannan m coci adjoins arhimandritsky jiki, wanda aka asali gina da bukatun cikin taskar, amma a cikin karni na 18th ta zama live Archimandrite, kuma ya zama wani na zama ginin. Gina a cikin siffar da harafin "G", da gidaje yana da wani katako gallery ga "yawo", wanda aka goyan bayan dutse ginshiƙai.

A lokacin na ɗauka refectory coci da aka fentin a ciki tare da frescoes, wanda ba tsira zuwa yau.

St. Nicholas coci

The asali coci Nikolaya Chudotvortsa aka yi da itace da aka gina a dangane da fadada daga cikin sufi ne har yanzu a farko mazaunin. Tun da sufi na Saint Euthymius (Suzdal) ya zama sananne zuwa yanzu fiye da ta daga sãsanninta, da yawa sabon sufaye zo in bauta wa Ubangijin wannan wuri a karkashin shiryarwar mai hikima shawarta.

Church of Nikolaya Chudotvortsa yana ƙarƙashin wani babban cellar, da refectory aka haɗe da shi, wanda zai iya saukar da wani yawa mutane a lokaci daya. Shi ne ake kira asibiti coci, kamar yadda aka yi a kusa da kusanci zuwa ga jiki tare da Kwayoyin ga rashin lafiya sufaye da sa baƙi daga cikin sufi.

Stone Church of St. Nicholas, tare da adjoining asibiti gine-gine, da kuma tashe a 1669. Ya kunshi guda-domed coci tare da facade cewa aka yi wa ado zakomary da trims tare da m fasali.

The coci da aka mayar da a biyu, kuma a cikin farkon 2000s da aka gaba daya maye gurbinsu da wani katako, rufi da fentin dukan facade.

kabarin Pozharskys

Sufi na Saint Euthymius, wanda adireshin ne: Vladimir Region, Suzdal, Lenin Street, 148a, ya zama Allaha wuri na babban Rasha gwarzo Dmitriya Pozharskogo da iyalinsa. Aka binne shi a 1642, kuma a kan kabarinsa da ɗansa Yahaya, da kuma dan Petr Hovansky, grand shugabannai, gina kabari. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru 100 da manta kabarin, sai ta fara fada a cikin disrepair, a sakamakon shi da aka dismantled, da kuma dutse aka yi amfani da bukatun da sufi.

A 1851, tarihi Count Uvarov ya jagoranci wani balaguro zuwa sufi na Saint Euthymius, kuma shi ne wanda ya gano gawar wani crypt da hudu dutse kaburbura. Biyu na su mallakar dan da dan Dmitriya Pozharskogo, da kuma biyu - da gwarzo kansa da matarsa.

A 1852, duk da kaburburan da aka bude da hankali yayi nazari. Saboda haka, ya yiwu a samu wanda na su ne Dmitry Pozharsky. Ya aka gano da partially kiyaye tufafin.

A kan gawar wani Requiem ibadar gudanar, bayan da duk kaburbura aka sake rufe, kuma daga samansu a 1858 muka fara gina kabarin a cikin umurnin na sarki Alexander 2. A yi da aka za'ayi a kudi na mutane ta ba da gudummawa. Keɓewarsa ta na kabarin da aka gudanar a 1885.

A lokacin Soviet zamanin kabarin da aka halaka a sake, kamar yadda a cikin shekara ta 1933, sufi na Saint Euthymius zama kurkuku ga fursunonin siyasa.

A cikin shekaru 70 na karni na 20th a wuri na binne Pozharsky memorial dutse aka shigar, da kuma kawai tun 2007 ya fara daidai maido da kabarin na tsira da tsare-tsaren, almara da kuma hotuna. A yau, yana da wani ɓangare na gine-gine na sufi.

kurkuku castle

Tun 1766 a cikin sufi bayyana cellblock, bisa umurnin Catherine 2. Da farko, shi aka yi nufi ga "mahaukaci" yan tawayen, tsakanin wanda aka ba kawai manoma, amma kuma ga mutane na daraja haihuwa, misali, da Decembrist Prince Peter Shakhovskoy.

Daga baya, sai aka yi nufi ga ridda da limaman da ƙungiyõyin, kuma daga shekarar 1923 zuwa 1939, ya zama wani insulator ga fursunonin siyasa.

Yau, a cikin wadannan katangu ne a gidan kayan gargajiya na tunawa da fursunonin a matsayin sau da na sarki Rasha da Stalin ta danniya. Lãbãri daga cikin gidan kayan gargajiya samar da bayanai game da rayuwa, da shekaru na kurkuku da kuma mutuwar da ta fi shahara "mazaunan", daga gare su, masana kimiyya, da yunkuri da kuma wadanda daga cikin limaman Kirista.

fraternal hadaddun

A ake kira Fraternal hadaddun aka gina, wanda gidaje da sufaye 'Kwayoyin. Gina a farkon 17th karni, shi ne mai tsananin tsarin, wanda su ne kawai ado trims tare da m fasali a kan windows.

Wannan biyu-labarin ginin, gina a cikin siffar da harafin "G", lullube tare da m bango na sufi. Kananan Kwayoyin kasance a wurin kawaicin da nake yi sufaye, kuma a yau da suka za a iya kyan gani, don samun sani da rai a gidan sufi a lokacin.

Towers da ganuwar

Sufi na Saint Euthymius (photo tabbatar da wannan) har yau rike da hasumiya, da ganuwar. Dukan su, sai domin shigar da madauwari siffar da loopholes. Ko da yake kan garun da sufi da aka gina a kusa da iko, da suka taba an hõre a kewaye.

Magina a cikin 17th karni lõkacin da suka tafi zuwa cikin asusun gina ƙasa a kan abin da Orthodox hadaddun. Saboda haka, garun da yake kallon kogin Kamenka, quite low, amma ba haka ba ne a wajen gefen kudu da yake kallon kwarin. A nan, tsari ne yafi hakan da kuma thicker, shi ne iya tsayayya da wuta da bindigogi.

Length na 1200 mita ganuwar, wanda a kwanakin nan aka dauke gagarumin tsaron gida gini da loopholes, loopholes da kuma kallo hasumiyarki.

Vladimir-Suzdal hadaddun

Vladimir-Suzdal Historical Museum da aka kafa a shekarar 1958. Yana hada gine-gine da Monuments na Old Rasha gine na birnin Vladimir, Suzdal da Bogolyubov.

Sufi na Saint Euthymius ya zama wani ɓangare na gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye a 1968 a wani sosai yanayin talauci, tun fiye da shekaru 45 ya kasance a kurkuku ga fursunonin siyasa, matasa masu laifi.

Sabuntawa na sufi yarda don adana wannan tarihi abin tunawa daga gine-gine, wanda yanzu ziyarci da dubban masu yawon bude ido daga kasashe daban-daban.

sufi yau

M maza a yau sufi na Saint Euthymius, wanda aiki sa'o'i - daga 10,00 to 18.00 (kowace rana, fãce Litinin), so baƙi concert karrarawa a kowace awa, kuma mahara exposures.

Tun daga shekarar 1991, sufi da aka jera a matsayin World Heritage ta Unesco, kuma ya samu matsayi na kasa da kasa matakin na gidan kayan gargajiya.