Rasha fenta, master of frescoes da gumaka Gury Nikitin: biography, kerawa da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Rasha ya kasance kullum domin ta shahara arziki da al'adu da kuma sararin tsararru na talanti. Gury Nikitin - daya daga cikin mafi shahara da kuma muhimmanci Figures a Rasha zanen da iconography. Rayuwa da Aikin da ya faru a cikin XVII karni da kuma bar wani haske da alama a cikin al'adu da tarihi na Rasha. Ko da yake shaidar da artist, wanda sun sauko wa yau, sosai sketchy, aikinsa, mutum style zai gushe high ibada na karshe lokacin da Monuments.

biography

A daidai ranar haihuwa ne ba a sani ba Gury Nikitin. Wajen da shi shi ne farkon na shekara 1620/1625. A gida garin nan gaba artist ya Kostroma. Nikitin - ne pseudonym da artist, ko kuma wajen, sunan tsakiya (Nikitich - Nikitin). Ya real name - Kineshemtsev. Kafin daukaka a art, ya gudanar da dama kiri shagunan a gishiri da kuma kifi da darajõji.

iyali

Uba Gury Nikitin (Nikita Kineshemtsev) ya rasu a 1653 a lokacin da annoba, don haka shugaban na tsohuwarsa Solomonic iyali. A Guria, ɗan'uwan Luka, ko kuma kamar yadda aka kira gida, Auchka. Ya aka tsunduma a shoemaking.

Bugu da kari ga uwarsa da ɗan'uwansa, a Guria sun uwan Michael kuma Fedor. Sun kasance gwada da kyau-kashe mutane. Bayan mutuwar su Gury Nikitin gaji wasu birni shagunan a Fur, woolen da kifi da darajõji.

Game da sirri rai iconographer da aka sani na tabbatar da cewa ya taba aure kuma da 'ya'ya. Wannan ne evidenced da wani shigarwa a cikin littafin Landratskoy sanya dogon bayan mutuwarsa. Yana ƙayyade daidai shekara na mutuwa na icon fenta (1691) da kuma rashin magada.

halittar

Gury Nikitin daga wani wuri shekaru ya zama m iyawa. Inda ya fara karatu, ba a sani. A babba binciken aikinsa VG Bruce ya nuna cewa malamin Nikitin iya zama Vasily Ilyin - Kostroma sani artist da kuma zane-zane na lokacin.

Amma a hanyoyi da dama ya gudummawar da gabatarwa daga m uwar nan gaba iconographer. Nutsa cikin su duniya, matasa Guri ya na da kyau gida, abinci, da kuma sada zumunci iyali. Kuma a cikin wahala sau don ƙirƙirar wani irin Rasha mata bar ba tare da goyan baya, an sha wuya. Daga baya, siffar mata da uwaye zai sami wani wuri na musamman a cikin aiki na Nikitin.

HanyarSa zuwa art ya ba da sauki. Bayan Guri zo daga wani sauki aiki-aji iyali, da nisa daga iconography. Babba kwarewa na artist samu a lokacin da wani ɓangare na farm aka fentin Kostroma Moscow majami'u (Trinity Church, Mala'iku Cathedral a Moscow Kremlin). Bugu da kari ga artists daga Kostroma, akwai aiki talented painters na Yaroslavl, Novgorod, Moscow.

Wannan imbin m motsi na zamanin ya zuwa Nikitin ta farko m mataki a cikin tarihi na art. Ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin mai hazaka fenta, Guri samu da yawa gayyata daga Rasha Orthodox majami'u da kuma na Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich for murals da kuma rubuce-rubuce / tanadi na gumaka.

mutum style

Da yake jawabi game da girmamawa da kuma symbolism na Rasha icon zanen, sukar da yaushe nuna wa musamman baiwa cewa ya Gury Nikitin. Ya zane-zane - shi ne na musamman da mix na decorativism da monumentality a daya samfurin. Yana da daidaituwa ba da flowering na kerawa ya zo daidai da Yunƙurin na ado da kuma monumental art a Rasha (biyu da rabi na XVII karni.)

Dukan aikin wani fitaccen artist da icon fenta yana da wani musamman style, mutum style. Ya gina abun da ke ciki na zane-zane a kan manufa da ba madubi fasali, amfani da saba haske da launi. Masu nuna da ciki kuzarin kawo cikas, gabar launi a danganci images. Bugu da kari, da frescoes Gury Nikitin rufe da fadi da kewayon launuka, wanda lalle ne, haƙĩƙa kara habaka da ado sakamako daga cikin qagaggun.

sananne ayyukansu

Ambaci na farko m halittun Nikitin tana nufin 1650. An hade da zanen da shirayin coci na ¡iyãma, kuma Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral a Kostroma. Shahararrun frescoes Gury Nikitin a Holy Cross Cathedral a Romanov (yanzu Tutaev) (roƙa. 1650-ies.), A Danilov sufi a Pereslavl (1662-68gg.), A Cathedral na ɗauka (Rostov Kremlin, 1670) da kuma Church of Iliya Annabi (Yaroslavl, 1680). da kuma hutu icons aka fentin ga karshe Nikitin.

1666 kasance mai wuya, juya lokaci domin Rasha coci. Nikitin dauki wani aiki sashi a da maimaitawa na coci ta zane-zane. Hannuwansa ya kamãta da images of sojoji shahada da kuma da dama, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa na alfarma da abun da ke ciki "Last iyãma".

iconography

House fenta kuma icon fenta, ya ba da nisa daga Cathedral na Epiphany. Hakika, wannan al'amari ne kai tsaye da hannu a cikin kayan ado na Haikalin Guria. A mafi daukan hankali zane-zane, gumaka Gury Nikitin ga babban coci ne 1667-1672 shekaru.

A lokacin wadannan shekaru da ya rubuta da cypress nadawa icons izini da Sarauniya Mary Ilinichny. A abun da ke ciki aka gabatar da su a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa cibiyar da aka zāna image na Virgin na Kazan, a dama - Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, da kuma hagu - shahidai Agrippina da Evdokia. Kuma ma an halitta bakwai ɗin icons ga sarki na Antakiya Macarius.

A da yawa daga cikin gumaka da aka fentin da Nikitin ga ɗauka cewa Cathedral. Daga cikin su: "The Last iyãma", "Shu'umcinku", "Descent na Mai Tsarki. Ruhu "," Kazan a al'ajiban. "

Ya karshe aikin da aka dauke su wani icon na "Tsohon Alkawari Triniti" Gury Nikitin ga Triniti-Sypanovskogo Cathedral a Kostroma, rubuta a 1690.

dangana ayyukansu

Akwai da dama daga m ayyukansu wanda marubucin da aka dangana wa Gury Nikitin. Duk da haka, ba su sami isasshen ingancin danganta. Wadannan sun hada da "Theodore Icon na Uwar Allah da labari" (1680), "Shahidai Kirik da Iulita" (1680s), "The tadawa na Cross" da kuma fresco na Ipatiev sufi a Kostroma. Kamar yadda tarihi records, wasu daga cikinsu (misali, "Theodore Icon ...") ba su da kyau aiki na artist, kuma m sabuntawa aiki na magabata.

ban sha'awa facts

Gury Nikitin zauna a budurci da kuma ƙin ɗaure aure, amma da iyalinsa ba su da a cikin tsohon limaman. Eh, da kuma zane-zane ba dauki alkawuransu. Wannan shawarar zauna wani asiri da artist ta Sahaban. Duk da haka, da tunawa rikodin irin Nikitin bayan da ranar mutuwa da uba na iyali da aka bai wa sunan Helena-skhimnitsy. Da masu bincike bayar da shawarar cewa wannan coci sunan Guria uwa (Solomonic), wanda shi ne riga a wani ci-gaba shekaru tafi zuwa ga sufi.

A 1659, lokacin da Moscow bukaci talented painters ga zanen na babban coci, daga Kostroma na tafi Yemelyan Pushkarev. Duk da haka, dole ne ya ciwon ƙafafunsa, kuma nan da nan ya aka aiko da baya. A ya dawo ya bada shawarar da dama Masters-countrymen, cikinsu da Gury Nikitin. The artist ya samu nasarar wuce takardar shaida, kuma a 1660 samu matsayi na wani icon fenta na labarin.

Gury Nikitin ya prefect (ko foreman) Artel Kostroma painters. Duk da yawan gata ga post, da artist bi ƙwarai da gaske a cikin aikin, kuma ba zai iya iya taimako, aiki a kan daidai da takwarorina da kuma na fi. Lokacin yin Ipatiev sufi da Church of Iliya da Annabi, ya ƙaddara da contours na nasu gaba frescoes da dorisovki bar almajiransa.

Sunan "Guri" na nufin zahiri "haƙuri ma'aikacin." Yana irin wannan da kuma Gury Nikitin. Tarihinsa ne Prakiraan, amma tunanin Sahaban bayar da shawarar cewa fenta wani taƙawa kuma mai tsoron Allah mutum. By rubutu icons ko da yaushe kusata responsibly kuma da m da kuma ruhaniya gefe. The hali a lokacin da ya fara rubuta image na Our Lady of Theodore Lent, bayan ikirari da kuma tarayya. Daga baya, a lokacin da wani addini procession a Yaroslavl, wannan hoton ya nuna al'ajibai na waraka.

Gury Nikitin ya sau da yawa zama dole ya mayar da tsohon gumaka da murals. Ya kula da al'adu da tarihi da al'adunmu, don haka ci gaba da wadannan stylistic fasali na aikin magabata, duka biyu manyan mutane da kuma ƙungiyoyi da hani. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wasu ayyukan zane-zane zauna ba a sani ba.

Masu matsayi Gury Nikitin sunan ga jerin girma Rasha icon painters. Tare da Theophanes da Girkanci, Andrei Rublev da kuma Simon Ushakov , ya yi wani babban tasiri a kan Rasha iconography da rightfully aikata wani wuri na girmamawa daga cikin Masters su craft.

yau

Mutane da yawa Masterpieces Gury Nikitin tsira. A mafi yawa da kuma muhimmanci ne a kan artist ta gida a Kostroma. Saboda haka, yanzu a Triniti Ipatiev da Cathedrals za ka iya samun kan yawon shakatawa da kuma koyi game da musamman Monuments na Rasha gine da kuma zanen. A centerpiece, ba shakka, bai ga review na frescoes Gury Nikitin.