Hoto na Rasha art. Hoto a gani arts

A wannan labarin, za mu dubi wani hoto na Rasha art. A darajar wannan salo shi ne cewa artist yana kokarin kai da taimakon kayan samar da wata real-rai mutum. Wannan ne, tare da saboda fasaha, za mu iya saduwa ta hanyar hoto tare da wasu zamanin.

Bugu da kari, cikin artists kokarin ba kawai nuna da trappings, amma kuma ya kai ciki Jihar wani mutum wanda shi babban.

Karanta a da ba za ka sami turakun a cikin ci gaban da Rasha hoto daga tsakiyar zamanai don zamanin.

Vertical Genre a art

Hoto a gani zane-zane kamar yadda muka fahimta shi a yau, suka tsaya daga kwanan nan. Kawai a cikin tsakiyar karni na goma sha bakwai, a tarihi a kotu na Faransa sarki Louis XIV, Andre Félibien, samarwa kira wannan kalma hotuna kawai mutane.

Har sai wannan lokacin, wannan lokaci da aka bayyana a matsayin duk images, ko dabba, da kayan lambu ko ma'adinai. A tsakiyar zamanai don dabbobi ya bit da wani daban-daban hali fiye da shi ne a yanzu. Suna iya takardar kira a zo kotu, azabtarwa da kuma hukunci bisa ga doka norms.

Wadannan Felibenom Arthur Schopenhauer bayyana ra'ayin cewa dabbobi ne na musamman zuwa ga Generic fasali, ba su da mutum hali. Har ila yau, a yau, da hotuna ba su sãmi icon, domin su suna ba da aka rubuta da asali.

Saboda haka, hoto a art da kuma adabi bayyana dogon da suka wuce, amma a zamanin da a karkashin shi fahimci wani "lafiya aiki."

A ci gaba da wannan salo yana daure wa abubuwa biyu - inganta rubutu m (abun da ke ciki, Anatomy, da dai sauransu), kazalika da canji a cikin ji na mutum wuri a duniya. A mafi girma flowering na hotuna da dama a kan karni na sha takwas, a lokacin da Yammacin Turai, da aka mamaye da ra'ayoyi na individuality da kuma ganin na da manufa a kaina.

farkon lokaci

Kai hotuna a cikin art na Rasha haife kawai a kan iyaka da goma sha bakwai da kuma goma sha takwas ƙarni. Kafin akwai hotuna a na da style, inda mutum Fade a cikin bango.

Dalili na farkon lokaci na Rasha art up gumaka. Irin wannan samfurin wanzu har zuwa na goma sha bakwai karni.

Amma canje-canje ya fara a cikin marigayi tsawon Kievan Rus. Don sun tsira da kama kungiyar hotuna Svyatoslav iyali, da 'ya'ya mata Yaroslava Mudrogo. Akwai ma da dama misalai na zane da wasu individuality, msl, Jaroslav Vsyevolodovitch tare da haikali a hannunka. Saboda haka ya aka sãka wa mai kyauta ga aikin gine-gine.

A farko yunkurin matsa daga canonical da ecclesiastical haruffa zuwa ga wadanda mutane zanen da ya faru a zamanin mulkin Ivana Groznogo. Mun ga ya kama a wasu littattafai. Irin wannan mataki da aka yi kawai saboda Ɗari Chapters babban coci, wadda ta mulki da kuma xagutu gani sarakuna, hakimai, da kuma mutanen da a kan gumaka.

Parsuna

A cikin karni na goma sha bakwai zanen ci gaba da inganta. Mun gani cewa hoto a art Rasha ne mafi zama mutum halaye. Akwai irin wannan salo kamar yadda "parsuna". Wannan gurbata da kalmar "mutum".

Wadannan ayyukan da aka halitta a kan alluna ko tempera, cewa shi ne, a cikin style of icon, shi nuna rayuwa images of mutane. A mafi tsufa da irin wannan zanen ya parsuna Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shumsky.

Duk da haka, an halitta a matsayin funerary hoto "alkyabbar". Amma siffar ta yarima aka rubuta "tayar", farfado a cikin mafi kyau a duniya, don haka da siffofin ne daban-daban daga canonical fuskoki a kan gumaka.

A hankali akwai wani tashi daga coci akidun, aro fasahar daga Turai. Saboda haka, daga ƙasa na Commonwealth zo "Sarmatian hoto" Genre gentry image.

Bugu da kari, da Muscovy painters zo daga yammacin Turai, don horar gida artists. Halitta "titulyarniki" (musamman littattafai, wanda ya nuna abar hotuna na Turai shugabanni).

Petrine zamanin

Zahiri da "hoto" a Rasha art kawai bayyana a zamanin mulkin Peter Mai girma. Wannan lokaci ya juyo a cikin rayuwata na kasar. A art nuna Trend na sabon yayi.

A hotuna akwai girma da kuma zurfin, artists Master nan gaba. Haife fahimtar daga cikin play haske da kuma inuwa, za a fara gwaji da launuka a kan zane. Har ila yau, akwai wata karshe rabuwa da coci da kuma wadanda mutane art.

Yanzu da zanen ne zuwa kashi uku kwarara - archaizing, Rossika da kuma na kasa makaranta.

Na farko shi ne muhimmi a miƙa mulki daga "parsuna" to easel zanen. A na biyu da aka wakilta ayyukan waje artists a Rasha. Domestic wannan makaranta da aka bayyana a cikin ayyukan Nikitin, Antropov, Vishnjakova Matveeva da Argunova.

Abin lura shi ne cewa Rasha artists na cewa lokaci, na farko ƙware, saboda haka yin magana "fyauce" a Turai. Amma a cikin 'yan shekaru akwai ayyuka gaba daya m, tare da hangen nesan su. Wannan ne ya fara ci gaban gida cibiyoyin duniya-aji art.

A karshen karni XVIII

A hankali hoto a Rasha art zama dũkiyar tsakiyar strata al'umma. Har tsakiyar karni na sha takwas dace kawai sananne mutane, kusa da gidan sararta, amma yanzu akwai ba kawai hotuna na manya da gidan haya, amma ko da a 'yan manoma. A karshen, musamman, ya dauki wuri na musamman ta hanyar ilimi ideas a cikin al'umma.

A hamsin hamsin, da sittin daga cikin karni na sha takwas, musamman sautin da aka kafa ta hotuna na Empress Elizabeth. Mutane da yawa daraja iyalansu izini zane-zane kansu, kama da wannan abin kwaikwaya.

Har ila yau muhimmanci bincike ga hanya m na gida artists. Sun nuna hangen nesa da launuka da halaye muhimmi a cikin wani Baroque, a kwatanta da Turai artists wanda ya yi aiki a cikin Rococo style.

The ayyukan Rasha artists kawai sunã zubar da m images, fuskokin, cike da rai, ruddy da Rosy-cheeked lady.

Classicism da kuma Azurfa Age

A hankali ganin wani canji zuwa kawance. A karshen karni na sha takwas, yana da wuya a bambanta tsakanin West Turai da kuma Rasha hoto. Salo a gani zane-zane ta zo duniya mataki. Kawai yanzu akwai mai haske da kuma lush Baroque siffofin.

Shin mararraba na Rococo zuwa neoclassicism da predromantike. Bayyana m da haske rubutu. Babban alama na wannan lokaci ya historicism. Wato, da sautin da aka kafa m hotuna na na sarki iyali.

Wannan zamanin da aka nuna a cikin ayyukan Shchukin, Rokotoff, kuma Borovikovsky Levitsky.

Next zo cikin tsawon Romanticism. A nan, mafi yawan sanannun artists ne Bryullov Varnek, Tropinin da Kiprensky.

Daga baya ya zo da hakikanci cewa shi ne muhimmi a cikin zane-zane na Repin, Surikov da Serov.

Azurfa Age na Rasha zanen cewa ya ba da duniya artists kamar Malevich, Vrubel, Malyutin, Somov, Konchalovsky da sauransu.

Soviet hoto

Hoto na zamani art aka ba m da akida, kamar yadda aka yi a Soviet sau, da kuma kudi al'amari.

Amma tsakanin zane-zane na Malevich kuma mu lokaci akwai dukan epoch na Tarayyar Soviet.

A nan ana tasowa na farko da kalaman na avant-garde ideas, Moscow da kuma Birnin Leningrad, makaranta, "Builders na Bratsk". Shi ne mai da muhimman hakkokin alama na gurguzu da labarun almara.

Saboda haka, muna yanzu matsahi na saba da tarihi na hoto a Rasha art.