Supersonic intercontinental m T 4MS ( "samfurin 200"): babban halayyar

Ayyukan da kasa ta zama gaskiya, amma kunshe a cikin labarin ... Yadda yawa daga gare su, deservedly manta da kuma ba sosai. Wata irin wannan aikin - dabarun intercontinental supersonic m-makami mai linzami ci gaban zane ofishin jagorancin Sukhoi.

Bango na

Kamar yadda yakan faru ne, da bukatar dabarun iska karfi, wanda ya riga ya taso a baya, da soja tãyarwa a 1967, lokacin da wata shawarar kafa wani dogon lokacin manned dabarun jirgin sama (Advanced manned Strategic Aircraft) da aka yi a Amurka. Tare da amsa aikin fãra yin halitta daga cikin shahararrun B-1, high-tsawo dabarun m zurfin mamayewa.
Kuma a watan Janairu 1969 da oda na kasar da jirgin sama masana'antu fara wani hamayya tsakanin zane ofisoshin VM Myasishcheva, A. N. Tupoleva da Sukhoi. A daidai da wannan tsari, Enterprises bukatar da za su gudanar da bincike na dabarun dual-yanayin da jirgin sama, ƙirƙirar propulsion tsarin, makami mai linzami da makamai da kuma jirgin tsarin. Kawai halittar rediyo-lantarki hadaddun aka gudanar da ma'aikatar lantarki masana'antu. Umurninsa zo a cikin bazara na wannan shekara.

farko data

Gwamnatin umurnin a marigayi kaka 1967 gano halaye na gaba jirgin sama.

Ya kamata ya yi ya da fari kwarai jirgin halaye.

A tsawon 1.8 km da aka kafa gudun 3,2-3,5 dubu. Km / h. Yana ake gane cewa a cikin irin wannan lokaci da kuma a subsonic gudu a kusa da ƙasa jirgin sama dole ne tashi a kalla 11-13 kilomita dubu, amma a high-tsawo jirgin a subsonic jirgin zangon ya zama 16-18 dubu km.

An ba da aiki da abun da ke ciki na makamai. Yana da za a hada da m kuma svobodnopadayuschih da kuma gyara da bama-bamai irin da manufa, da kuma Airborne makamai masu linzami, hypersonic hudu X-45 "Walƙiya", kuma har zuwa 24 aerobalisticheskih X-2000. Na tambayi da jimlar taro na makamai - 45 ton.

Fara na ci gaba

OKB Sukhoi P. O. tun shekarar 1961, kuma a kan wani m-akai, tsunduma a cikin ci gaban a supersonic m-makami mai linzami T-4, ga taro na 100t samu na biyu sunan "sakar". Ya yi isa gudun kilomita 3,000 / h, cin nasara da thermal shãmaki, sabili da haka sun ma inganta aerodynamics. Ga shi musamman tsara roka "iska-ƙasar", propulsion kuma kewayawa kayan aiki. Amince da shi ne kawai talatin uku daftarin da sabon jirgin sama.

A karkashi, da kuma ɓullo da wani sabon dabarun dual-yanayin jet T-4MS tare da adana matsakaicin ci gaba da asali model. A sabon zane ya zauna: ikon shuka, riga ƙware da sabon kayan, wanda sun zama hankula zane da fasaha mafita ci gaba da zartar da gwajin a kan-jirgin tsarin da kuma kayan aiki, da kuma cewa zai zama mai muhimmanci a cikin tsari na taro samar, sharar gida tafiyar matakai. Ko cipher inji samu ta hanyar misalin da "sakar". Its takeoff nauyi ga lissafin designers kusata mutum ɗari biyu ton, sabili da haka ya zama sananne a matsayin T-4MS jirgin sama - "labarin 200".

sabon Solutions

Alas, ba mu iya yi irin wannan ban mamaki ra'ayin. Idan ka ajiye layout makirci, da size da kuma nauyi na sabon kayayyakin ƙãra sharply, amma jimlar girma makamai Post tukuna kasa.

Saboda haka, Sukhoi Design ofishin PO professionals kada mayar da hankali a kan ci gaban da sabon layout makirci, wanda zai samar da mafi girma zai yiwu girma da kadan surface wanka da kuma samar da masauki dole makamai a cikin kaya daki. A wannan yanayin, da zane ya zama kamar yadda m ga jirgin sama zai iya tashi a kusa da ƙasa a high gudu.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, an yanke shawarar ware daga ikon kewaye jirgin sama propulsion. A wannan yanayin, akwai wata damar haifar da sabon juyi na sauran injuna. A sabon tsari domin a tsare da yiwuwar ci gaba da kyautata na jirgin halaye da kuma fasaha bayani dalla-dalla na sabon kayayyakin.

A aiki, da zanen da halitta da nata irin sanyi, da hadedde kewaye da yi da irin "tashi reshe" swivel karamin yanki wasan bidiyo (gwada da kananan, ba shakka) a cikin jirgin iya canza shafa.

layout m

Fundamentally sabon layout na jirgin sama T-4MS, sun amince a karshen lokacin rani na shekara ta 1970, shi aiki a matsayin tushen ga ci gaban na farko zane.

Model na wannan tsari da aka ƙaho a iska Tunnels da ya nuna kwarai sakamakon da subsonic jirgin gudu, kuma a supersonic gudun.

Saboda da kananan yankin na pivot makamai da kuma m m jiki na cibiyar bace na roba nakasawa da reshe a lokacin da tashi a ƙasa.

A wannan yanayin da pivot makamai janye aka bambanta a cikin kewayon daga 30 ° zuwa 72 °.

Luck ya undoubted, amma na gaba shekara da aka kishin Zartarwa na farko zane.

Bambance bambancen kauri da kuma siffar da airfoil, don kara inganta da nata irin yadda ya dace. Aikace-aikace na supercritical profiles dole ne a karu subsonic cruise gudun. Binciken da aka gudanar a matsayin reshe bevels zai iya rinjayen aiki na da ikon shuka da kuma a tsaye stabilizer. Aikin ci gaba a kan selection na reshe siffar, don inganta zaman lafiya da kuma controllability na mota.

Ance mafi kyau duka tsarin da airframe ikon rangadi zuwa bunkasa tasiri taro man fetur.

Aiki a kan kwari

Duk da aukuwa gwada a iska Tunnels TsAGI. A sakamakon haka, masana sun ƙaddara cewa jirgin mugun adalci, akwai da rashin zaman lafiya ba kasa da 5%. Aka yanke shawarar kammala ƙarin layout.

A sakamakon haka, a cikin embodiments, da T-4MS bayyana a kwance wutsiya da dogon hanci. A daya version, da hanci, da kuma duk da allura-kamar siffar. Amma duk da haka, shi da aka soma ci gaba da bunkasa da wani tsari a cikin abin da hanci da aka da ɗan mika, fãce shi daga ɗauke da fuselage sun m kawai nacelles, a tsaye wutsiya da biyu keels, Rotary reshe panel. Musamman da hankali da aka biya don matsalar rage ganuwa a kan radar na abokan gaba.

Description m T-4MS

A jirgin sama da aka sarrafa ta a ƙungiya daga mutane uku, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin slabovystupayuschem fitila. A daidai wannan lokaci da shugaban jirgin, matukin jirgin da kuma navigator-sadarwarka yana shawagi a sararin samaniya kara, duk da cewa da gida na biyu compartments da aka shãfe haske. A gaban sashe ne aka yi nufi ga matukan jirgin, da kuma raya - da Navigator. Tun da fitilar wuya protrudes, don inganta ganuwa a lokacin takeoff da kuma saukowa samar da musamman sash.

Ejection kujeru samar da hadari gaggawa fitarwa na jirgin sama a duk altitudes da gudu, ciki har da saukowa da takeoff.

Electronic kayan aiki a kan jirgin kunshi kewayawa, jirgin tsarin, sadarwa da kuma tsarin tsaro, sarrafa kwamfuta, tsaro da sighting tsarin, kiwo da kuma tsarin makami mai linzami shiriya.

Overall girma na airship, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin supersonic intercontinental m, sun kasance a matsayin haka:

- tsawon - 41,2 m.

- tsawo - 8 m.

- cibiyar-span - 14.4 m.

- wingspan a share kwana 30 ° - 40,8 m.

- yankin da reshe a wani kwana na share na 30 ° - 97,5kv.m.

A kiyasta Take-kashe nauyi ne 170 tons.

Powerplant m

A wutsiya sashe, a biyu nacelles spaced baya, shirya a nau'i-nau'i hudu DTRD NK-101. Take-kashe dirka kowane daga cikinsu ya 20,000 kg. Yana da aka zaci cewa injuna zai hada da abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin turbofan engine a cruise jirgin a subsonic gudu da kuma a lokacin hanzari na jet a jirgin a supersonic gudun.

Gondola da a kan kowane motor rabu da wani bangare jirgin daidaitacce iska intakes kare daga icing da ingress na waje abubuwa.

Bugu da ƙari kuma injuna, kunsha na powerplant tsarin da aka MOTA KE SHAN MAI jirgin sama a ƙasar da kuma a cikin iska, engine ikon, kwatsam sallama na man fetur pressurization, sanyaya extinguishing.

Main man fetur tankuna dake a cikin compartments na cibiyar.

Kiyasta jirgin data

A jirgin sama da aka tsara don tashi a sosai tsawon nisa. Bisa ga lissafin, ya iya ba tare da in-jirgin MOTA KE SHAN MAI tashi da al'ada fama kaya na 9 t a cruising gudun 900 km / h (subsonic) 14 000 km da kuma 3000 km / h (supersonic) - 9000 km.

A tsawo na wani dan kunar bakin waken iya tashi a gudun 3.2 dubu km / h, a cikin tẽku matakin - 1.1 dubu km / h ..

A wannan yanayin, matsakaicin tsawo a da jirgin sama zai iya hawa lissafin ya kasance 24,000 m.

Tare da irin wannan babban taro na wani Gudun tsawon na 100 m, da kuma hanya tsawon bayan touchdown - 950 m.

A makamai a jirgin

Lasafta bam kaya ya 9 m da kuma kula svobodnopadayuschih bama-bamai.

Yi alkawarin submarine T-4MS ya kawo biyu zuwa hudu ruwa dogon zango da makamai masu linzami X-45 "Walƙiya", wanda aka musamman tsara don aikin T-4, da shiriya tsarin ARLGSN da kuma tarawa high-m warhead. Su fasalin shi ne radome. Makami mai linzami tsawon game da 10 m, da suka fara nauyi - 5 m, da dangi 0.5T. Nufin kewayon 1.5 dubu km, jirgin gudun har zuwa 9000 km / h.

Har ila yau, a cikin jirgin sama na makamai da aka 24 KH-2000 INS shiriya tsarin, tare da kewayon kilomita 300, da jirgin gudun game 2 M, da kuma lokacin da na fara nauyi na 1 ton.

Daban-daban na makamai, roka, da bama-bamai, mahakar da torpedoes, yarwa cassette bam, da aka sanya a cikin biyu ciki compartments sanye take da samun iska da kuma thermal kariya, sufuri da kuma zubar da tsarin.

Sakamako na hamayya

A gasar da aka gabatar, fãce zuriya Sukhoi supersonic m Tu-160M cin OKB A. N. Tupoleva da M-20 daga VM Myasishcheva.
The ayyukan da aka gabatar da MAP a kan kimiyya da fasaha shawara a cikin kaka na shekara ta 1972.
Tu-160 soja da aka farko sun ƙaryata saboda da yawa kama da jirgin saman fasinja. M-20 gamsu da soja, amma sabuwar halitta ofishin da babu samar da wuraren for taro samar da kayan aiki.

T-4MS janyo hankalin janar da hankali da kuma aka dauke mafi kyau ba, amma ... A daidai wannan lokaci da sabon jirgin saman soja da aka halitta a OKB jagorancin Sukhoi, wadda aka saki a karkashin lambar SU-27, da ayyuka a cikin halittar Su-24 jiragen saman yaki aiki da gyare-gyare da Su-17M. Ma'aikatar sufurin jiragen sama Industry ji cewa aikin a cikin "haske" jirgin sama ne mafi muhimmanci, da kuma a biyu bambancin kwatance KB iya aiki ba.

Kuma haka ya faru da cewa a cikin gasar lashe aikin Sukhoi PO, da kuma kara aikin da aka za'ayi kirar Tupolev Design ofishin. Kuma kwamandan na Air Force P. S. Kutahov miƙa kuma duk da kayan hawa kirar Tupolev, sai suka ƙi, kuma ya ci gaba da inganta da kansa raya kasa.

Saboda haka, sabis a Air Force jirgin sama ya game da wannan dangi da kuma range a subsonic gudu, amma tare da jirgin taro mafi girma daga 35%, da kuma kasa da rabin cikin kewayon jirgin sverhzuke fiye da zai zama idan aikin, za a karɓa P. About . Dry.

Nan da nan bayan karshen gasar sun katse aikin aikin T 4MS. A jirgin sama bai gan sama, amma ra'ayoyin su a haife a lokacin da raya kasa, da shi na aiwatuwa a cikin wannan Tu-160 da kuma Su-27 da kuma Mig-29.Mozhet zama, har ma da fassara a cikin jiragen sama a wannan karni.