Ta yaya siffa? Adjectival siffofin. Rasha harshen: manufofi

Siffa - daya daga cikin manyan sassa na magana a Rasha harshen amfani da 'yan qasar jawabai duk lokaci. Shi yana da yawan Manuniya, don haka kafin ka amsa wannan tambaya na yadda za a canza wani siffa, cewa ya kamata a wajibi ne don bayyana da fahimtar karkashin wannan bangare na jawabin.

Mene ne wani siffa?

Kalmar "siffa" ya bayyana a cikin Rasha harshen lokaci mai tsawo, kuma an samu daga cikin Latin kalma adjectivum, wanda fassara nufin "Bugu da kari". Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa lexical ma'anar kalmar "siffa" ya kamata a yi la'akari da "wani sunan da aka a haɗe zuwa wani suna."

A general, da siffa tana nufin lexical da nahawu wordforms aji ake sanya nuni da tsangwama abu. A lexical ma'anar a cikin wannan yanayin ne aka bayyana ta amfani da inflectional Categories. A manufofi a jumla na da syntactic aiki - definition, a musamman wuya lokuta, su ne a kumshin maras predicate.

Siffa: uku a daya

Da yake jawabi na siffa, ya kamata a lura uku na fahimtar da ambatacce. Kamar yadda na farko da aka bangare na jawabin zahiri da ake danganta manufofi, magana da, manufofi, da kuma numerals participle domin type. A lexical ma'anar kalmomi na data (ƙi halayyar) supplemented da sabon tabarau. Wannan ra'ayi ne da ake kira m fahimtar wani siffa.

Akwai m matsayi na matsakaici da irin, a cikin abin da kawai hada karkashin manufofi dace manufofi da kuma ordinal lambobi. Wannan ra'ayi ya rare a cikin 60-70-ies na XX karni, shi ya ba tukuna ba hanya zuwa fadi fahimtar, rayayye lobbied "Rasha nahawu-80."

Lokacin da kunkuntar gabar wani siffa da shi ya hada da kawai dace manufofi. Mutane da yawa masana ilimin harsuna gwammace da su da wannan dabarar, kamar yadda kawai daukan la'akari da dukan siffofin da taimakon wanda zabin da daya ko wani bangare na jawabin. Bisa ga wannan hangen zaman gaba, a yau za'ayi bincike na siffa.

Ta yaya siffa?

A siffa yana da yawan morphological Categories, ta hanyar da shi za a iya canja idan ya cancanta. Dukkan wadannan Categories ne dogara a kan wasu sassa na magana, da ƙarshen siffa ne a duniya morpheme cewa zai iya nuna inflectional Categories.

Adjectives bambanta a jinsi, yawan da hali, yayin da a miƙa mulki kalmomi a cikin jam'i irin bace kamar yadda ba dole ba. Mafi sau da yawa bayyana inflectional Categories siffa zai iya zama da amfani da shi a tare da tare da karshen karshen wani suna. Wani lokaci ta faru da cewa wani siffa da ake amfani da da indeclinable sunaye, da kuma a karshen samun cikakken bayani game da kalmar ba zai yiwu. A wannan yanayin, ƙulli daga cikin siffa zai dogara HALITTAR darajar, yawan da hali suna. Number siffa taka muhimmiyar rawa domin rinjayar kai tsaye duk awo.

Short da kuma dogon siffofin manufofi

Mafi yawa daga cikin manufofi da takaice da kuma dogon siffofin. A cikin kwanaki na Old Slavonic (Old Rasha) fifiko harshen amfani da gajeren siffofin, yanzu halin da ake ciki ya canza daidai gaban.

Adjectives a cika form mafi sau da yawa sanya kafin suna, a wannan yanayin, a jumla, da suka taka rawa definition. Idan cikakken siffa juya a kira su da suna, da suna ne sau da yawa wani ɓangare na wani kumshin maras predicate. Idan tsari ne ba fi'ili, wani siffa daukan kan rawar da predicate.

Short manufofi mafi sau da yawa sanya a baya da suna, a wannan yanayin da suka yi aiki a matsayin wani maras muhimmanci ɓangare na wani kumshin maras predicate. Idan tsari hada da predicate bayyana ta fi'ili, wani siffa iya wasa short fasalin ware amince-kan definition.

Personal siffofin manufofi (ingantaccen)

Wasu ingantaccen manufofi kiyaye short form, da saurã daga cikin aiki da yin amfani da wannan sabon abu a cikin tsoho harshe. Wadannan siffofin yawanci denoted boko siffofin wanda zai iya zama m zuwa wasu yanayi, haka ma, ba za su iya wuce tausasa tabbatacce kima na wani musamman alama.

A zamani Rasha short form ne kafa ta sansanonin cike da manufofi, to abin da ya kamata a kara da cewa Generic endings. A samuwar short manufofi namiji iya bayyana alternating haruffa "o" da "e" da sifili sauti, wannan sabon abu ne a saboda abin da na fall rage.

Yana da muhimmanci a rarrabe tsakanin short siffofin da truncated manufofi an rayayye amfani da almara da kuma wallafe-wallafe. Short manufofi iya zama na high quality, kuma a canza kawai ta jinsi da lambobi, suna mafi sau da yawa amfani a postposition dangane da suna.

discharges manufofi

Don gane yadda siffa, shi wajibi ne don magance ta lexical da nahawu Categories. Ingantaccen manufofi iya nuna ingancin mutane, abubuwa da kuma dabbobi, da launi da ãyõyinMu, kazalika da ba wani overall kima na wani sabon abu, ake magana a kai a cikin tsari.

Dangi manufofi bambanta a cewa sun bayyana alamar abu a kaikaice, ta hanyar da dangantaka da batun ko duk wani mataki. Da taimakon su ne rabo daga mutane, da dabbobi, da abubuwa, ayyuka, Concepts, wuraren, sau da lambobi. Lexical darajar yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar musamman suffixes.

Possessive manufofi - mafi wuya bit. A wani m ji to hada shi manufofi da possessive suffixes, a cikin kunkuntar ji - bangare na jawabin dole ne a lokaci guda da biyu fasali - wani kari na baya baki da kuma wani mutum (bãwa) wani mutum ko abu.

Yadda za a bincika da siffa?

Morphological bincike na siffa - fairly sauki hanya da za a iya yi a cikin 'yan mintuna. parsing makirci aiki daidai da duka biyu makaranta matakin, kazalika ga makarantar sakandare, don haka babu matsaloli da kuma karin matsala da shi ba ya isar. Idan dole, shãwara da harshen shiryar.

A parsing dole saka: kalmar form, kalma siffofin na ga wani ɓangare na magana, categorical darajar + tushe nau'i na tambaya ta da na ginin jumla tambaya. Next, dole ne ka saka duk lexical da nahawu alamomi da kuma irin karkatar (da Manuniya). Domin ingantaccen manufofi bukatar saka komparativy da kuma gajeren siffofin (tare da shaida a cikin nau'i na Manuniya). Bugu da ari, ya kamata a lura da abin da ya fihirisa da siffa ya amince da suna (jinsi, yawan, hali), da kuma saka ta syntactic aiki a cikin jumla.

Unstressed endings na manufofi

Popular sau da yawa akwai wani halin da ake ciki a lokacin da rajistan shiga adjectival ƙarewa ne da wuya sosai, saboda shi ne unstressed. A wannan yanayin, kana bukatar ka yi amfani da jerin tambayoyi (abin da? Me? Me? Me? Me?). Ya kamata a tuna, da kuma ware - manufofi ƙare da "-th", "-E", "-ya", "ya dace", suna da a mafi siffofin aka sanya kafin karshen taushi ãyã: zomo, zomo, zomo.

A ware ne nominative da accusative mufuradi namiji. Idan siffa da aka samu daga sunan wani watan, da taushi alamar zai zama: Yuli - Yuli.

Kamar yadda muka yi nazarin siffa?

Tun da farko lokacin, a lokacin da sabon shiga zuwa koyi da siffa (Grade 3), shirya ba faufau duk, shi ke sa a kan sassa na jawabin na yara a yau koyi da yawa a baya fiye da zamanin da. A siffa ne sauƙin zuwa nike domin shi ne kakkarfan dangankata da sauran sassa na jawabin - sunaye, har ma yana da irin wannan nau'in Manuniya.

Don koyon yadda za a canza wani siffa, shi wajibi ne, a aji yin kowane kokarin da sauraron your malamai a hankali. Duk da haka, idan wani yaro da gangan rasa darasi da kuma kama sama da shi yanzu shi ne da wuya sosai, zai iya bude wani directory daga manyan yawan kimiyya wallafe-wallafe da kuma samun wani amsar tambayarsa. Amsar a cikin wannan harka iya zama ba ko da yaushe dama, kuma wannan dole ne a dauki la'akari lokacin da neman.

A makarantar sakandare format siffa karatu yawa da zurfi, amma ta ci gaba ne da aka ba karamin yawan sa'o'i dalibi iya taimaka kawai maimaita wani tushen fahimtar wannan bangare na jawabin. Duk da haka, daliban jami'a da damar yin amfani da] akunan karatun ba, da kuma iya zama da sauƙi, kuma da sauri domin nemo bayanai da suke bukata.