Gani da kuma tarihi na Tomsk

Don nazarin tarihi na wani birni ne ko da yaushe ban sha'awa. Bayan duk, rayuwa ta hanyar ne na musamman birane, kuma nan da nan za ka fara zuwa tunani a game da manufar kowace daga cikinsu a kasar.

Siffar

A wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da tarihin birnin na Tomsk, game da dalilin da ya sa gaba da girma da kuma ci gaba a kan hudu ƙarni. Yana mamaki cewa wannan yarjejeniya da aka yi nufi ga fursunoni da hidima mutane, amma a cikin wani gajeren lokaci ya zama weightier wasu m birane. A shekarar 1991 Tomsk ba da matsayi na tarihi gari, kamar yadda a cikin mai kyau Jihar kiyayewa da musamman tarihi gine-gine, shimfidar da sauransu. A daraja na wannan birni mai suna wani asteroid (4931). The sunan birnin da kuma mai suna nukiliya submarine K-150 jirgin ruwan "Tomsk", wani ɓangare na Rasha Pacific jiragen ruwa. Marubuci Alexander Volkov farin da greenery birnin, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa sihiri a cikin hikaya ya na Emerald City!

Tomsk tarihi ya gaya mana cewa, birnin yana da wani sunan - Siberian Athens. Ka so su san dalilin da ya sa shi ne don haka mai suna? To, ka tafi gaba!

A tushe na Tomsk sansanin soja

Wannan ban mamaki tsoho Siberian birnin damuwa masana tarihi da kuma archaeologists ko da a yau, da kuma duk saboda a 1604 King Boris bayar da umarni a kan tushen da birnin a cikin "tukuru wuri da alherin Allah ...." A tarihin birnin Tomsk yana da fiye da hudu ƙarni!

Prince Toyan nemi taimako daga sarki da tsaro da kariya daga ƙasashensu. Sai monarch, kuma yana da ra'ayin to samu wani birni daga duwãtsu, a kusa da Cape iyãma Tom River. History of Tomsk sunan mai sauki ne: birni ne mai suna bayan da kogin wanda a kanta aka kafa ta da bankuna. A karshen watan Satumba na wannan shekara da aka kammala gina da matabbatarsu.

Tomsk sansanin soja gina a cikin dabara na "Gorodnya." A dakali yana da wani castle quadrangle, a sawun na 0.2 kadada. A ganuwar Burg iyakar kai 6.5 m. Akwai 4 hasumiyai a sasanninta na Kurãme. A wajen arewa kuma akasin, kudancin gefen garu aka gina carriageways hasumiya, da tsawo da aka 13 da kuma 22 mita. A cikin shiri da aka zamiya saukar bukka, Gwamna tsakar gida, daban-daban barns kuma granaries, kazalika da Triniti Church, kafa a 1606.

Wancan, da shi irin wannan karamin gari na Tomsk. A tarihin tushe ne mai sauki, amma birnin muhimmancin a cikin rabo na Rasha jihar ba za a iya overemphasized.

Tomic ci gaba da karfafa da kuma gina sabon ganuwar da tsohon birnin. Saboda haka, a cikin 1609 da "uku ganuwar" to arewacin gefen sansanin soja prirub wani gidan yari. A total tsawon na ganuwar da aka game da 604 yadudduka da kuma biyu da makarai. Kammala biyu, kurãme ne kuma wucewa da hasumiya. Yanzu yankin na duk gine-gine na Tomsk yana kusa da 4 kadada. A labarin ba ya kawo karshen tare da halittar Tomsk.

A na gaba mataki na yi

Wani Fort da aka gina a 1634 a garesu daga cikin kogin Ushayka River, kamar yadda mafiya yawa daga cikin 'yan ƙasa ya zauna can. Wanne yan unguwa kira "The ƙananan Fort." Wuta kashi ya dauka, kwatsam Tomsk, a 1639 da kuma 1643, bi da bi. A birnin da aka mugun ƙone. A wannan lokaci riga ya rayu dubu biyu mutane a Tomsk. Daga cikin wadannan, fiye da 700, manoma, kasuwa da kuma sabis aji mutane.

Bayan wata wuta a 1652 da 'yan ƙasa da kuma gine-ginen kammala gina birnin kufaifan.

By karshen goma sha bakwai karni, Tomsk - wani katako, sansanin soja kewaye stockade, tare da 7 gina-hanyar mota da kurãme hasumiyarki. Upper Fort mallakar sansanin soja a gefen arewa na bangon, inda akwai wani babban tuki hasumiya.

A 1734 a Tomsk zo G. F. Miller - kasa historiography. A cikin diary ya rubuta cewa tarihi na kafuwar Tomsk ne mai ban mamaki, da girma sha'awan nasu taki. Ya kuma Notes cewa sansanin soja da aka gina "a kan model na katako gidaje," kuma a cikin gãnuwõyi kusa da ƙofofin da manyan bindigogi zuwa wuta. Akwai wani hasumiya - bakwai, tare da wayo. Yana mallakar da Triniti Church. Bayan da sansanin soja da aka karamin Fort, a cikin XVIII karni shi languished fursunoni Swedes.

By ƙarshen XVIII karni, birni suka rarrabu kashi bakwai. karfafa birnin ba a kiyaye su. Kuma a cikin birnin su ne:

• 7 majami'u.
• 1 sufi.
• 237 = 3 Stores a yawan cinikayya.
• 1500 birane gidajensu.
• 7500 mazaunan.

Tomsk tarihi, da ke rubuce a littafin tarihin, ya ce cewa a 1723 na birnin yawan game da 9000 'yan ƙasa na daban-daban azuzuwan.

A birnin rayu

Siberian Tomsk ya zama cibiyar cikin sharuddan tattalin arziki, da labarin kasa da kuma soja siyasa domin dalilai da dama. Bari mu dubi su.

Da fari dai, Tomsk - a cibiyar inda kungiyoyin na Cossacks tafi Scout a kusa da wani maras m ƙasar daga Altai Mountains, da headwaters na Yenisei zuwa Transbaikalia matakan da ko da tekun Pacific. Wannan sabis aji mutane Tomsk deben hanya a kan na farko na Siberian expanses.

Abu na biyu, na farko tattalin arziki tushen ga ci gaban birnin ya da garma noma. Yana bi da cewa Tomsk mallakar yankan Rasha birane. Ba da da ewa, birnin fita kuma tasowa craft. Tuni a 1626, birnin na da fiye da 20 sana'a. Bayan shekaru 30, wannan adadin ya karu da 2.5 sau. Ma har ɗari ɗari shekaru tsakanin Tomich fiye da 380 sana'a daban-daban da fannoni. Daga cikinsu akwai master-kwararru: .. Icon painters, Armorer, watchmakers, da dai sauransu A farkon goma sha bakwai karni, kamar yadda evidenced da tarihi na birnin Tomsk, fãra daga cikin smelting tama a cikin masana'antu sikelin. woodworking kuma sassaƙa kai da mafi kololuwa. Tomsk gine na wannan tabbaci. Labarin gine-gine Tomsk mu za a yi la'akari da daga baya.

Na uku, birnin ne sosai farkon da sauri ya zama mafi girma shopping cibiyar, kamar yadda aka kafa a cikin unguwa na kudancin Siberian yankin. Tomsk - Cibiyar sufuri yunkuri na mutanen Siberia.

makarantu

A Siberian yankin na Tomsk a cikin gubar a cikin martaba a kan yawan makarantu domin shekaru 100. Tuni a 1878, a cikin wannan birni na farko na mallaka University a Rasha bayan da Urals da aka bude.

Jami'ar mai suna bayan V. V. Kuybysheva dauke da mafi tsufa jami'a a Siberia da kuma Far East. History of Tomsk ya nuna cewa shi aka kafa a 1880. Shekaru da dama daga baya, ma'aikata bude wani likita da dokar ikon tunani. Bugu da kari, a kan tushen da Tomsk Jihar Pedagogical University ɓullo da kuma kiwon lafiya cibiyoyin.

A shekarar 1976 TSU bude sashen a kwatance:

• jiki.
• Radio Physics.
• Makanikai da kuma lissafi.
• Lissafi da Fasaha;
• Geology da kuma yanayin kasa.
• Aiyuka lissafi.
• sinadaran.
• gona da nazarin halittu.
• doka.
• Philology.
• tarihi.
• tattalin arziki.
• horo;
• Digiri na biyu a makarantar.
• Preparatory da rubutu sassan.

A TSU bude cibiyoyin bincike a cikin filayen da makanikai da kuma lissafi, ilmin halitta, kuma biophysics. Akwai wata jami'a Botanical lambu da kuma da yawa gidajen tarihi:

• mineralogy.
• binciken burbushin halittu;
• ilmin dabbobi.
• ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi.
• ethnography.
• herbarium.

A kimiyya library yana a kan ta shelves miliyan uku kundin.

Dakunan kwanan dalibai ga dalibai na Tbilisi Jami'ar Jihar da aka gina a 1883, gabã ɗaya, a kan bayar da kudi tattara. The dakuna da furniture da kayayyakinsa zama dole ga mai dadi zaman dalibai. Ga su sun kasance bude cin abinci dakin da kuma a library. Kuma da oda a cikin ɗakin barci gaba dubawa ministan.

Amma ga dama da kuma al'adu da yankunan birnin rai, to, haƙĩƙa, a cikin karni na 19th aka gano Philharnonic, sinimomi da gidajen tarihi.

wasu statistics

Da bude daga cikin Tomsk Jami'ar Jihar ƙwarai shafa da ingancin rayuwa - shi ne qualitatively inganta. Wannan ba abin mamaki, domin bayan shekaru 100 bayan bude Jami'ar rubuce kusan 2,000 da malamai, malamai da masu bincike, ciki har da 70 furofesoshi, kuma likitoci na daban-daban sciences, game da 450 mataimakin furofesoshi, kuma 'yan takara, da kuma yawan dalibai wuce 8,000.

A m bayyanar da birni

History of Tomsk House ya ce katako gine da kuma gine-gine na zamanin da ba kawai da mai tsanani amma kuma kyau siffofin, m facades, Q da kuma ban mamaki sassaka kayan ado.

Yau, wanda zai iya ganin gine-gine da yawa da suka nuna baƙi birnin ta bayyanar ƙarni biyu da suka wuce. Da kyau sosai coci na iyãma, sanya a Baroque style. Har ila yau, ya dubi mai ban mamaki Gostiny Dvor a kasuwa, Ya sanya daga dutse. Akwai gine-gine sanya a cikin style of classicism:

• Majistare (1802-1812 gg.).
• Ofisoshin gwamnati (1830-1842 gg.).
• Exchange hadaddun (1854-1854 gg.).
• A farko ginin Tbilisi State University (1880-1885 gg.).

M greenery, kiyayewa na gandun daji yankunan, da yawa na dutse, da katako, da gine-gine da musamman sassaƙa - wani siffa da cewa bambanta titunan Tomsk. Tarihi ya nuna mana a cikin wani musamman katako, gine-gine, amma, da rashin alheri, babban adadin na katako, gine-gine da aka lalata da yawa gobara. Yau, da sayen hutu gida, Tomichi ado ta kuma kofofi da tagogi masu katako sassaka, da suka hankali tsare da hadisai na Siberian backwoods. Mazauna kauyukan sun kuma yi wa gidajensu ado a kan karkata Tomsk.

inda ya je

ma'aikata	adireshin	Features
gidan kayan gargajiya na gida Lore	Frunze Avenue, d. 2	Kafa a watan Maris 1922, a cikin gidan da Tomsk Gold Mining I. D. Astasheva. Taya a cikin samuwar na nuni da gidan kayan gargajiya farfado da Tretyakov Gallery da Rumyantsev Museum
Museum of Katako, Architecture	Kirov Prospect, d. 7	The gidan kayan gargajiya da aka located a wani gini da-abin tunawa daga Rasha gine na tarayya muhimmanci. A gidan da aka gina da rajistan ayyukan, datsa aka sanya a cikin zamani style. Museum nuni ne located a hawa na biyu, kuma ko da a cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi. A Asusun yana da kimanin 200 farfado, kazalika da 300 abubuwa da aka adana akwai dan lokaci
Abin farin tunawa	Shevchenko Street, d. 19	Sassaka a cikin wani nau'i na kerkẽci yana da wani sunan - "A yanzu raira waƙa." Yana bude ba haka ba da dadewa, a 2005. Wolf tsaye ga farin ciki, bisa ga mawallafin na aikin Leontiya Usova
ruble tunawa	yankin Novo-Cathedral	Weight katako tsabar kudi game da 250 kg. Sanya irin wannan kudi daga Pine. Na farko, daga halakar da danshi rufe da wani musamman bayani, amma sai "kunsasshen" a wani musamman m roba akwatin
Museum of tarihi Tomsk birni	Street Bakunin, d. 3	Shi ya buɗe wa jama'a ne kawai kwanan nan, a cikin 2003. A nuni ne da ake kira "The First Century na Tomsk"
Epiphany Cathedral	Lenin Square, d. 8	Daya daga cikin tsofaffin Cathedrals a Tomsk. Gina a 1630
planetarium	Lenin Avenue, d. 82, k. 1	A kan tushen da TSU
Wasan kwaikwayo "buffoon" mai suna bayan R. Vindermana	A fannin Gishiri, d. 4	A wasan kwaikwayo bude kofofin ta ga baƙi a cikin shekaru 40 na karni na ashirin. Wannan babban wuri don ziyarci tare da matasa da yara, kamar yadda duk productions yi tare da Ƙasa
Slavic mythology Museum	Street Zagorny, d. 12	The most gidan kayan gargajiya na Ural gefe. Baje kolin sun hada da musamman farfado. Easel zanen, graphics - duk wannan bisa mu mythology, kazalika dangane Rasha jama'a tãtsũniyõyin. Ancient Rus 'zo da rai a gaban gidan kayan gargajiya baƙi

Abin da ke lura baƙi

Tun Tomsk - haihuwa Siberian gari, akwai mutane da yawa tarihi gine-gine. Yau da gidan kayan gargajiya ne housed a su, bankuna, administrative sabis. Akwai da yawa Orthodox majami'u, akwai wani coci da kuma ko da wani masallaci. Yau, a kan ƙasa da Tomsk sansanin soja na da biyar jami'o'i, da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne a kan mataki na Drama Theater. Mafiya yawan musamman da kuma funny Monuments ƙawata titunan gari. Amma a waje da birnin akwai jan hankali da cewa ba su kasa ban sha'awa da kuma m!

Alal misali, a saman rafi Basandayki doke game da 15 marẽmari tare da m curative ruwa. Uku key townspeople kira a matsayin "Talovskie tasa." Irin wannan alama da sunan da suka samu saboda da lemun tsami gishiri da suka dauke. Fita zuwa surface na kogin, da aka gyara samar da wani m bango da darkens shi saboda abun ciki na manganese oxide. Babban kwano yana da sigogi:

• bango kauri - 30 cm.
• tsawo - 1 mita.
• Tsawon - 4 mita.

Ya ce Talovskaya ruwa ba kawai yana warkar, amma kuma m da dandano. Abin mamaki shi ne gaskiya cewa a cikin matsananci hunturu, wadannan keys ba daskare abada.

Tomsk yanayi ne mai arziki a cikin na musamman Monuments cewa cancanci babu kasa da hankali fiye da Haikali ko Gostiny Dvor.

ƙarshe

Tomsk tarihi cike yake da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma facts. A birni ne hanzari girma da kuma masu tasowa. A lokacin 4th karni, sai ya samu abin da da yawa daga cikin birnin ba su iya fassara a shekara dubu.

City ya halitta kuma ci gaba da dama da kayayyakin aiki. Yau, babban matsala - don kula da hažaka da shi. Bugu da kari, akwai damuwa Tomsk - adana tarihi da mutum, m burinsu Siberian Athens - tarihi cibiyar al'adu. A manyan yawan matakan dauka, amma kuma da yawa da za a yi wa hukumomi.

History of Tomsk a takaice kuma a fili nuna da baƙi zuwa birnin girmansa, nasara da kuma ci gaba.

Yawon bude ido da suka ziyarci Tomsk, ce cewa a cikin wannan birni ba shi yiwuwa ba a fada cikin soyayya. Sun gan shi mai tsabta da kuma kyau kiyaye. An lura da cewa direbobi ne m zuwa Tafiya da Kafa. Mata bayyana shi a matsayin jin dadi da kuma kyawawan gari. Men ji dadin Tomsk Biyer Museum. Duk da cewa garin yana dauke su haihuwa, akwai mutane da yawa matasa mutanen da suke shiga cikin jama'a jami'o'i da kolejoji.

Don samun wannan m da kuma tarihi birni na iya zama ta hanyar jirgin sama, jirgin kasa, bas kuma ba shakka mota. albeit takaice dai daga Novosibirsk: 250 km - da kuma kana can.