Ta yaya tsohon Nazarbayev? Biography Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbaev - shugaba (na farko da kawai) Kazakh SSR (1990-1991) da kuma Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan (Disamba 1991 - ba). A 1984-1989 ya shugabanci Kazakh SSR majalisar ministocin kasar, sa'an nan ya zama na farko sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis. Ne title of "Jagoran Nation". A shekarar 2011, mutanen da sake zaben shugaban kasar Nursultan Nazarbayev a karo na hudu. A cikin wannan labarin za a gabatar da biography na shugaban kasar Kazakhstan. Za ka kuma koyi game da yadda da yawa shekaru Nursultan Nazarbayev. Bari mu fara.

iyaye

Nursultan Nazarbayev aka haife shi a kauyen Chemolgan (Alma-Ata yankin na Kazakh SSR) a 1940. Iyaye na nan gaba shugaban kasar da aka tsunduma a aikin noma. Uba - Abish - I zo daga wani iyali Nazarbaya duka, da shi da uwa tasa - Alzhan - iyali kauyen mullahs Kasyk. Nursultan mahaifinsa shi gaisuwa da kuma girmamawa mutum. Bugu da kari ga Kazakh, ya san Rasha da kuma Balkar harsuna. Abish da kyau rera waka Rasha da kuma Kazakh songs, ko da yaushe murna ga baƙi da kuma ya iya ba da shawara mai kyau. Yanzu da ka san yadda tsohon Nazarbayev. A takaice bayyana shugaban kasar iyali.

iyali

Biography Nazarbayev ya ƙunshi data daga ta zuri'a zuwa 12th kabilar. Sam Nursultan san ta daga yara. Na takwas ƙarni na ta kai tsaye m ya Karasai Batyr, a san shi da exploits a yaki da djungars (1640-1680 biennium). Nursultan Nazarbayev ya kira kakan. A cewar Siyasa takardu a 1880, ya kasance mai arziki mutum, yana da wani ruwa niƙa tare da conected to shi aryk.

Lokacin a 1991 ya wallafa wani littafi, "Ba tare da hagu da kuma dama", Kazakhs koya ba kawai game da yadda tsohon Nazarbayev, amma kuma karanta game da dukan 'yan'uwansa.

• Sister - Anipa.
• Brothers - Satybaldy da Bulat.
• Wife - Sarah Alpysovna. A halin yanzu shugaban "Kid" sadaka asusu.
• 'Yar Dariga - Member na majalisar, saki. Alia - tsunduma a kasuwanci, gangarawa gina kamfanin "Elitstroy". Dinara - wata babbar m na National Bank of Kazakhstan, shi ne jihar $ 1.3 biliyan.
• Mun Nursultan 8 jĩkõki, kuma 2 girma-jikoki riga.

Ilimi da kuma farkon shekara

Tare da shekaru 18 a matsayin laborer. A shekarar 1960, a nan gaba kasar Kazakhstan sauke karatu daga sana'a makaranta a Dneprodzerzhinsk. A 1967 ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejojin Fasaha a Karaganda Metallurgical Hada, da sana'a "Metallurgical m".

Early aiki

Employment Tarihi Nazarbayev fara a yi management "Domenstroy", inda ya yi aiki shekara tara - daga 1960 zuwa 1969. Kamar wancan Nursultan gudanar ya hada da aiki tare da ilimi. Ya tenacity ya ba su tafi ba a gane shi, kuma a shekarar 1969, Nazarbayev sanya shugaban na sufuri da masana'antu sashen a Temirtau birni kwamitin. Bugu da kari, nan gaba kasar da aka canjawa wuri zuwa liberated Komsomol aiki. Management san yadda tsohon Nazarbayev, amma, duk da ya matasa, shekaru Nursultan, dabaibaye wuri a cikin Komsomol na kwamitin sakataren. Daga baya, ya shiga cikin Regional Council da kuma zama memba na birnin kwamitin na jam'iyyar.

Daga 1973 zuwa 1984 ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Nursultan. I kawai kungiyar a wanda ya yi aiki. Nazarbayev ya yi aiki a cikin yankin jam'iyyar kwamitin da jam'iyyar kwamitin da Karfe Works, kuma ko da a cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis.

tashi aiki

A sauyi a aikinsa zo a cikin 1980, lokacin da Nursultan zama mataimakin na Majalisar Koli. A wannan wuri, ya yi aiki har tsawon shekaru goma. A wannan lokacin, Nazarbayev zo a matsayin memba na tsakiya Auditing Hukumar na CPSU kuma nuna kanta a matsayin mai alhakin kuma m mutum.

Musamman muhimmanci ga nan gaba na shugaban kasar na Kazakhstan ya, a 1984, lokacin da ya nada shugaban kwamitin ministoci. The gwamnatin san yadda tsohon Nazarbayev. Shi ne kawai shekaru 44. Saboda haka, Nursultan Nazarbayev suka zama manya, firaministan kasar na jumhuriya.

A shekaru biyar da wuya aikin biya kashe, kuma Nazarbayev an zabe mataimakin na Tarayyar Soviet. A tsakiyar shekarar 1989, ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban kasar na majalisar ministocin kasar, ya dauki matsayi na farko sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Kazakhstan.

grand nasara

Afrilu 1990 ya farin ciki da murna a Nursultan aiki. Ya kuma an zabe shugaban Kazakh SSR. A nasara ya m. A cikin zaben, ya zira kwallaye 99 cikin dari daga 100. Its nasara ya maimaita ta a cikin 1999, mikawa ya shugaban kasa iko don 7 shekaru. A shekarar 2005, Nazarbayev bai sauko daga cikin saba matsayi. Bayan duk, da mutane na Kazakhstan sake ba shi da dabino. A farkon zabe a 2011 Nursultan Nazarbayev aka sake zabe a karo na hudu. Saboda haka, yadda tsohon Nazarbayev a ikon a lokacin? A watan Yuli wannan shekara zai kasance daidai da 26 ranar da sabon zabe - Disamba 2016.

jam'iyyar membobinsu

Kafin rushewar Tarayyar Soviet Nursultan Nazarbayev ya a cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis. A kundin tsarin mulki na Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan akwai wani labarin, wanda ya haramta shugaban jihar ya kamãta da kõwa jam'iyyar ko ya ɓatar da shi. Duk da wannan, Nazarbayev goyon jam'iyyar "Nur Otan". Ya jagoranci ta, a 2007, lokacin da kundin tsarin mulkin da aka gyara.

zargi

Nursultan Nazarbayev ya soki a kan hudu babban maki: yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, cin hanci da rashawa, mai sadaukarwa da mutum da kuma hakkin dan Adam. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

'yancin magana

International kungiyar "Reporters Without Borders", ya sha nanata lura take hakki na da 'yancin magana a Kazakhstan. Rating 'yancin magana a kafofin watsa labarai ta Freedom gidan yana sanya kasar a 175 th wuri daga 197. Anton Nosik (kafofin watsa labarai darektan "Live Journal") da ake kira tarewa da hanya a Kazakhstan nufin obscurantist theocracies da totalitarian dictatorships. Kuma waccan mujalla da muka "Reporters Without Borders" sanya Nazarbayev da jerin "yara" kafofin watsa labaru, wanda aka buga a cikin International Press Freedom Day.

cin hanci da rashawa

Transparency International a 2004 bayar da Kazakhstan 122 th a duniya cikin sharuddan cin hanci da rashawa. A total number na kasashen a cikin jerin - 146 2.2 na 10 - da cewa shi ne total ci daga Kazakhstan. Lura cewa idan aka ci shi ne a kasa da adadin 3, shi ya nuna da gaban da kasar "ya sha musantawa". Nursultan Nazarbayev ya sanar karshe "mai tsarki yaki", bayar da wata manifesto taken "10 anti-cin hanci da rashawa." The daftarin aiki zai shiga a dama da matakan magance wannan sabon abu, a kowane rukuni na al'umma da kuma jiha. Amma ba da wannan bai kai ga wani sakamako. A karshen shekarar 2013 Kazakhstan ya ragu zuwa 140 th wuri.

A lambar kasa da kasa da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu Nazarbayev cajin da gwamnatin don ƙirƙirar bayyanar anti-cin hanci da rashawa. A duk da shugabancin da Turai Organization ga hadin gwiwar da Tsaro a 2010, da yawa gwagwarmaya a kasar da kuma kasashen waje ce cewa don magance matsalar "cin hanci da rashawa" da "cin zarafi" da gwamnatin na Kazakhstan kusan ba sa wani kokarin. Nazarbayev iyali kanta embroiled a cikin jerin bincike a cikin kashe-kashen, cin hanci da rashawa da kuma kudin haram, gudanar da harkokin gwamnatoci.

"Kazakhgate" shi ne mafi muni cin hanci da rashawa harka a Kazakhstan. Yana duk fara da cewa a cikin 1999, Swiss bincikensa, sun daskarewa a yawan asusun banki da mallakar Kazakh jami'an da mafi echelons na ikon (ciki har da Nazarbayev). Sai ya juya daga cewa kudi canjawa wuri zuwa wadannan asusun da Amurka da kamfanonin man fetur. A shekara daga baya, Amurka shiga a gudanar da bincike da kuma bayar da umarnin rike da dama asusun, ma'abũcin wanda aka (bisa ga zato) Nursultan Nazarbayev. A total adadin kwace dukiya amounted zuwa $ 1 biliyan. A shekarar 2007, Kazakh hukumomi don waive duk iƙirari a kan kudi, da kuma a 2010, Amurka Justice Department tsallake duk zargin Nazarbayev da kuma rufe da harka.

Daba na hali

Mutane da yawa 'yan jarida sun lura da wanzuwar mai sadaukarwa na hali na Nursultan Nazarbayev. A baya 'yan shekaru, da yawa Kazakh jami'an da kuma mambobi ne na Elite zuwa rayayye goyi bayan wannan Trend. Abokan adawar na shugaban kasar da'awar cewa kasar ta dogon wanzu tare da sadaukarwa na hali Nazarbayev. Duk da haka, jam'iyyar Nursultan abokan aiki saba. Akwai kuma wani ra'ayin cewa, a cikin taron na mai sadaukarwa na hali Nazarbayev "m" da mutane.

hakkin Dan-adam

Daga cikin ra'ayi na ba na gwamnati da kuma na gwamnati da masu lura da hakkin dan adam a Kazakhstan sun ko da yaushe ta kasance a wani yanki na damuwa. A cewar kamfanin zuwa Freedom House, wanda ya gudanar da wani nazari a kan ƙasa na Kazakhstan, hakkokin siyasa a cikin kasar da rating - 6, da kuma yancin walwala - 5 (ta amfani da wani sikelin daga 1 zuwa 7, inda yawan 1 - mafi girma rate). Wannan shi ne, a lokacin zamanin mulkin Nazarbayev jama'a gane "ba free."

Author littattafai

• "Cibiyar of Peace".
• "Ba tare da hagu da dama."
• "Kazakhstan ta hanyar".
• "A dokin 21st karni."
• "Kremlin matattu karshen."
• "A kwarara tarihi" et al.

Author articles

• "M shekaru goma".
• "The master Prudence."
• "Tattalin hadewa - babu wani madadin."
• "Hanyoyi na warware matsaloli Aral Sea yankin."
• "A sabon yanayi, da haihuwa birki."
• "A sakamakon jam'iyya: Batutuwa da kuma gogewa".
• "Kazakhstan ta Tattalin Arziki: Al'amurra da Reality"
• "Eurasian sarari: ganin hadewa m" et al.

titles

A watan Mayun 2010, da wakilai, da Majilis aka wuce da wani kunshin da takardar kudi cewa ya ba da gwarzo wannan labarin da matsayi na shugaba na al'umma. Wannan matsayi da ake sa wa Nursultan har karshen rayuwa ba ya dogara ne a kan yadda shekaru masu yawa, Shugaba Nazarbayev zai dauka ya post. Wannan shi ne, shi ne a wani hali za a hannu a cikin daidaituwa na raya manufofi, alaka biyu cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin. Bugu da kari, Nazarbayev da kansa da kuma duk 'yan iyalinsa za su zama kebe daga laifi alhaki.

A image a cikin al'adun

A shekarar 2011 ya zo 'yan hotuna da suke nuna hoton Shugaba Nursultan Nazarbayev. Daga cikin wadannan, da masu sauraro koya game da yadda tsohon Nazarbayev (Shugaban Kazakhstan a halin yanzu a '74), kazalika da koyi game da key lokacin da ya biography. Ina so in ce 'yan kalmomi game da fim "The Sky na yara". A fim ya gaya game da yara da kuma matasa Nazarbayev. Har ila yau, ka lura da wasan kwaikwayo "Teren tamyrlar" wanda sadaukar da 20th ranar tunawa da Kazakhstan ta samu 'yancin kai.

ayukan hutu

Kowa ya san yadda shekaru masu yawa yanzu kuma Nazarbayev yi mamaki cewa a wannan zamani na babban shugaba taka golf, tanis, kuma tana da gudun kan.

ban sha'awa facts

• Disamba 1, Kazakhstan bikin shugaban kasar ta Day, wanda da dama a cikin category na jihar holidays.
• Rated Handelsblatt jarida, Nazarbayev ne a saman 10 arziki shugabanni na duniya tare da su kasashen Unlimited iko. Tare da wani arziki daga $ 1.1 biliyan Nursultan Nazarbayev daukan 10th wuri.
• A Kazakh Criminal Code yana da wani labarin da samar da horo ga wani hari a kan rayuwa na kasar shugaba kisa. Kuma shi ya shafi har idan yunkurin ya ci tura.
• A Chechnya Jamhuriyar, Jordan da kuma Turkey, sunansa ne da aka ba 'yan tituna.
• Shi ne daya daga cikin biyu zakarun na lokaci a ofishin. Wannan kiwata mai ma'ana tambaya: "Ta yaya shekaru masu yawa mulki ta hanyar Nazarbayev?" Amsa: 26 shekaru. Buga na farko na mutanen jihar ya lashe a 1989. Na biyu-lokaci - Islam Karimov (shugaban Uzbekistan).
• A general yanayin Nazarbayev kabila - $ 7 biliyan.
• Ukraine, Turkey da kuma Almaty ne Monuments masa.
• A shekarar 2013, shafin yanar na jaridar "New York Times" sanya wani rating daga cikin mafi munin mulkin na Asia. Yana da aka Nursultan Nazarbayev. Ta yaya tsohon ne shugaba a cikin ikon da kuma abin da nasarorin cimma a lokacin wannan lokaci, kasarsa, da littafin bai damu ba. Babban burin da aka jawo hankalin readership.
• Gasar "Best Duvalier na bana" da aka gudanar a shekarar 2014 ta Faransa geopolitical Cibiyar Nazarin aikata laifuka. Nursultan Nazarbayev ya dauki farko wuri, inda ya lashe 100 Tarayyar Turai.
• A watan Fabrairu, 2014, Nazarbayev samarwa sake suna a Kazakhstan Kazak. Kan bango na ragewar darajar kuɗi na kasa kudin, da sanarwa tsokani wani gauraye dauki a cikin al'umma.