Takaita abubuwa fluidity. Yadda za a tantance yawan amfanin ƙasa danniya

Amfanin ƙasa batu ne ake kira wani irin ƙarfin lantarki m zuwa tamanin da saura elongation bayan kau na load. Tabbatar da dalilin wannan awo ne mai zama dole don zaɓar da karafa amfani a samar. Idan ba a dauki la'akari da la'akari siga, wannan zai iya kai wa ga m ci gaba a aiwatar da nakasawa da wani abu zaba yadda ya kamata. Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da yawan amfanin ƙasa batu a cikin shiri na daban-daban karfe Tsarin.

jiki bayanin

amfanin ƙasa iyaka ne Manuniya ƙarfi. Su macroplastic nakasawa da mun gwada low hardening. Jiki, wannan siga za a iya wakilta a matsayin mai halayyar da abu, wato, a irin ƙarfin lantarki wanda yayi dace da darajar da amfanin ƙasa Filato a ginshiƙi (zane) abu da mikewa. A wannan za a iya wakilta a matsayin Formula: σ _T = P _T / F _0, inda P _T ne amfanin ƙasa batu kaya, da kuma F _{0 ne} na farko giciye-bangaranci yankin na bi da samfurin. PT buga da ake kira iyakar da ke tsakanin na roba-roba nakasawa zones da kuma na roba abu. Ko kadan karuwa a irin ƙarfin lantarki (sama su ɗauko) zai haifar da wani gagarumin nakasawa. Iyaka karfe kwarara ana auna a kg / mm ² ko N / m ^2. The girma na wannan siga ne ya rinjayi daban-daban dalilai kamar thermal jiyya, da samfurin kauri, gaban alloying abubuwa da impurities, irin microstructure kuma crystal raga lahani da sauran. Amfanin ƙasa dabam muhimmanci da zazzabi. Yi la'akari da misalin m dabi'u na wannan siga.

amfanin ƙasa bututu

A mafi bayyananne ne tasiri na ba girma a cikin shiri na high matsa lamba piping tsarin. A cikin irin wannan kayayyaki, musamman karfe dole ne a yi amfani da shi, yana da isasshe manyan amfanin ƙasa danniya da kuma m rata tsakanin Manuniya siga data da kuma tensile ƙarfi. A mafi girma iyaka na karfe, don haka ta halitta, da hakan dole ne ya kasance index na halal darajar aiki irin ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan al'amari yana da tasiri kai tsaye a kan darajar ƙarfi daga karfe, kuma daidai da, da sauran tsarin. Saboda gaskiya cewa siga dabi'u lasafta canja danniya tsarin yana da tasiri kai tsaye a kan so bango kauri darajar da aka yi amfani da bututu, yana da muhimmanci a daidai lissafi matsakaicin halayyar ƙarfi daga cikin karfe da za a yi amfani da sarrafa bututu. Daya daga cikin mafi kwarai definition daga cikin sigogi na wadannan hanyoyi ne da za su gudanar da bincike a kan wani tensile misali. A cikin dukkan lokuta shi wajibi ne don la'akari da bambanci a cikin nuna alama dabi'u, a hannu daya, da kuma canja danniya dabi'u - a kan sauran.

Bugu da ƙari, daya kamata ku sani cewa karfe amfanin ƙasa batu ne ko da yaushe kafa a sakamakon cikakken ji reusable. Amma da canja danniya tsarin a cikin mafi yawan dauki kan dokokin ko a sakamakon fasaha bayani dalla-dalla, kazalika da dogaro a kan sanin da manufacturer. Babban bututun tsarin, duk daidaitaccen fayyace aka bayyana a cikin SNP II-45-75. Saboda haka, da kafuwa aminci factor - m hadaddun da muhimmanci sosai m matsala. A daidai definition wannan siga ne gaba ɗaya dogara a kan daidaito na lasafta irin ƙarfin lantarki dabi'u na kaya, kazalika da amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi daga cikin abu.

A lokacin da zabi rufi bututu tsarin da ake ma dangane wannan nuna alama. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa wadannan kayan kai tsaye zo a cikin lamba tare da karfe tushe tube, da kuma, daidai da, na iya shiga a electrochemical matakai, adversely shafi yanayin bututun.

tensile kayan

A tensile ƙarfin kayyade darajar a da irin ƙarfin lantarki za a canja ko koma baya, duk da elongation. Wannan shi ne, wannan siga kai wani m batu a lokacin da motsi daga wani na roba zuwa roba yankin na kayan nakasawa. Sai dai itace cewa da yawan amfanin ƙasa batu za a iya ƙaddara da gwajin sanda.

lissafi na PT

Da juriya da kayan amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi ne danniya a wadda ta fara wajen samar da roba nakasawa. Bari mu dubi yadda wannan darajar da aka lasafta. A gwaje-gwaje tare da cylindrical samfurori, sanin darajar da al'ada danniya a gicciye sashe a lokacin da komowar nakasawa. A wannan hanya a cikin gwaje-gwajen da torsion tubular samfurori samar da kayyade yawan amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi a karfi. Domin mafi kayan cikin kudi ƙaddara da dabara σ _T = τ _s √3. A wasu lokutta a ci gaba da tsawo na cylindrical samfurin a cikin jadawali dangane da al'ada gajiyan na elongation kaiwa ga gano abin da ake kira amfanin ƙasa danniya na hakori, Ina nufin wani m ƙarfin lantarki drop kafin samuwar na roba nakasawa.

Haka kuma, kara karuwa da wannan murdiya zuwa wani daraja auku a wani m ƙarfin lantarki, da ake kira jiki TP. Idan kwarara area (kwance sashe graphics) ne mafi tsawon, wannan abu ne ake kira fi dacewa-roba. Idan ginshiƙi ya aikata ba kushin, da samfurori kira hardening. A wannan yanayin, ba shi yiwuwa ya saka da ainihin darajar a wadda roba nakasawa faruwa.

Mene ne amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi?

Bari mu ga abin da irin zaɓi. A lokuta inda danniya zane ba a bayyana shafukan zama dole domin sanin matukar TP. Saboda haka, wannan darajar ne ƙarfin lantarki a wadda dangi saura nakasawa daidai 0.2 bisa dari. Don lissafi da zane da kayyade ƙarfin lantarki axis ε wajibi ne a jinkirta darajar daidai to 0.2. Daga wannan lokaci, za'ayi mike layin a layi daya zuwa na farko sashe. A sakamakon haka, da rarrabawa batu na wani mike layin tare da ginshiƙi ma'anar darajar hujja danniya ga musamman kayan. Har ila yau, wannan zabin ne ake kira fasaha Fri. Bugu da ƙari kuma, dabam ware amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi a karkashin torsion da lankwasawa.

A narke kwarara kudi

Wannan siga kayyade ikon da narkakkar azurfa don cika fitar da mikakke siffar. A narke kwarara kudi domin karfe gami da karfe yana da ajalinta a metallurgical masana'antu - castability. A gaskiya, shi ne na juna da tsauri danko. The International System of Units (SI) ya nuna m kwarara a Pa ^-1 * s ^-1.

Ultimate Tensile

Bari mu dubi yadda wannan ne m da halaye na inji Properties. Tsayin nufin da ikon da kayan karkashin wani yanayi da kuma a cikin daban-daban gane effects ba tare da karaya. Inji Properties yawanci m ta wajen al'ada Charts sprains. Domin gwaje-gwaje amfani da daidaitattun samfurori. Test na'urorin suna sanye take da wani na'urar wadda ya rubuta da zane. Kara lodi fiye da kima daga cikin Sanadin gwaji roba nakasawa a cikin samfurin. The yawan amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi ne, kuma tensile ƙarfi a hutu dace da mafi kaya, gabanin da cikakken halakar da samfurin. A roba nakasawa na kayan mayar da hankali a kan daya yankin inda akwai wani gida takaita da gicciye sashe. Haka kuma an kira wuyansa. A ci gaba da mahara nunin faifai a cikin kayan da aka kafa a high yawa daga dislocations kuma akwai waɗanda ake kira germinal discontinuity. Saboda su enlargements a cikin samfurin ciwon pores. Tattara abubuwa masu kyau tare, suka samar da fasa wanda miƙa transversely da axis na mikewa. Kuma a mawuyacin halin da samfurin da aka hallaka.

Mene ne DC ga bawul?

Wadannan kayayyakin ne wani ɓangare daga cikin karfafa kankare, qaddara ayan su yi tsayayya tensile sojojin. Yawancin lokaci amfani da karfe sanduna, amma akwai ban. Wadannan kayayyakin dole ne su yi aiki tare da taro na kankare a matakai na loading ba tare da togiya wannan shiri, m kuma yana da ductile Properties. Kuma ma saduwa duk da yanayi na masana'antu na wadannan iri ayyukansu. The inji Properties na karfe amfani a yi na bawuloli, shigar m Gost da fasaha yanayi. Gost 5781-61 samar da hudu azuzuwan na wadannan kayayyakin. A farko uku ana yi nufi ga al'ada kayayyaki, kazalika da Free na tashin hankali da sanduna a prestressed tsarin. Tensile amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi ƙarfafa dangane da samfurin aji iya isa 6000 kg / ^cm2. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan farko aji siga ne kamar 500 kg / cm ^2, na biyu - 3000 kg / cm ^2, a na uku 4000 kg / cm ^2, da kuma na hudu - 6000 kg / cm ^2.

Yawa ƙarfi daga karfe

Domin birgima a cikin na asali sanyi Gost 1050-88 PT samar da wadannan dabi'u: dũka 20 - 25 kgf / mm ^2, da alama 30 - 30 kgf / mm ^2, da alama 45 - 36 kgf / mm ^2. Duk da haka, domin wannan karfe, kerarre ta kafin yarda da mabukaci da kuma masu sana'anta, yawan amfanin ƙasa danniya iya daban-daban dabi'u (wannan Gost). Saboda haka, karfe sa 30 zai yi Fr a size daga 30 zuwa 41 kgf / mm ² da alama 45 - a cikin kewayon 38-50 kgf / mm ^2.

ƙarshe

A zayyana daban-daban karfe Tsarin (gine-gine, da gadoji, da dai sauransu) ya samar karfin da ake amfani da matsayin nuna alama ƙarfi misali a yin lissafin halatta kaya dabi'u daidai da kayyade aminci factor. Amma ga receptacles karkashin matsin lamba, da girma da halatta kaya da aka lasafta a kan tushen da UT, kazalika da tensile ƙarfi, tare da jaddadawa aiki yanayi.