The jigo na waka da kuma bincike na "Monument" Lomonosov

Ina zuwa fara da bincike na waka "Monument" Lomonosov? A gaskiya ma, kuna hukunta da take, autobiographical bangaren taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shi. Yadda za a fara a m hanyarsa ta rayuwa da wannan musamman mai kyau mutum?

Tsere da dare a 1730 daga gidan asirce daga duk dangi a tsakiyar dare mai shekaru 19 da haihuwa Guy ... Gaba da shi hanyar dubban mil bãya. Ya aka ado a cikin wani shabby gashi, jefa a kan saman rigarsa. A hanya knapsack, fãce ga wani burodi da kuma kayayyakin shirt, ta mascot har karshen kwanaki: aka ba shi da wani makwabcin Smotritsky nahawu da ilmin lissafi Magnitsky.

Wane ne wanda yake, matasa Lomonosov aiki "Monument" wanda, ya rubuta shekara goma sha bakwai daga baya, wahayi zuwa gare kuma wahayi mafi kyau daga cikin kasida da Fatherland? The mai kasada, wanda ya fara ci Kimiyya da gurbata da takardun tabbatar da shaidarka. Yadda shi fatan, nawa sadaukar! M, karanta dare da rana, tare da ascetic content amfani - wani dinari guda a yini. A saurayi da wani mamaki memory kuma mafi girma cikin IQ, ya tilasta wa rayuwa daga hannunka zuwa bakinka, cin kawai burodi kvass a, amma har yanzu ba ceton a kan takarda da kuma kyandirori ...

Sunan University - da girman kai na Fatherland

Lomonosov ... "Na gina wani gini ba tare da hannayensu ..." - bi dace da shi bayan shekaru 90 ya ce Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. LURA na Fatherland Mikhail Vasilyevich, da gaske ban mamaki mutum - muhimmanci. A farko Rasha masanin kimiyya - a duniya-aji masanin kimiyya. gane lexicographer. ya kafa na Rasha kimiyya makaranta, wani falaki. mutumin da ya aza harsashin ginin zamani Rasha a fanning binciken kasa, geographer, tarihi, mawãƙi ...

m iyawa

Ta bayar da samuwar Lomonosov rubuta Rasha kasa shayari. "Monument" .... The bincike na wannan waka ya bayyana ne kawai na daga cikin babbar iyawa. Duk da haka, ya ba kawai da mai cikakkar wallafe-wallafen kyauta. Lomonosov kimiyance m, a ci gaban da shawarwari ga tasiri structuring na poetic syllables a Rasha, ya littafi rhetoric aiki a matsayin wata kofa a cikin duniyar shayari for yawa kasida ..

"Monument" Lomonosov - musamman ayar. Ya - mai kauri da kuma daukaka, kamar yadda tsaye, kamar yadda, a sakamako, yabon Allah na high shayari. Ya manufa - to a fili takaita shekaru na poetic aiki.

The jigo na waka "Monument" Lomonosov - wata sanarwa da ke jihar rawar da Rasha shayari, kuma - tabbatar da dalilin da isa yabo a cikin versification. Mikhail zama shugaba na gargajiya Rasha adabi, kalamai a cikin ta kishin kasa, ka'idoji, dabi'u, hali. Dan kasa - shi ke da Credo na adabi cewa ikirarin Lomonosov ( "Monument"). The waka, wanda bincike ya nuna baiwa, karfin girma poetic talanti ɗaya na marubucin, shi ne mai daukan hankali sabon abu a Rasha shayari.

Wadannan University masanin ilimin harsuna janar gwamnati ci gaba

Lomonosov "rhetoric" a tune tare da dokokin da Horatian "Art of Poetry", alama da garambawul na Rasha versification. A cikin "Kabarin" mawãƙi dabara alamu ba tare da keta Horatian style, maraba da kafa wani} ungiyoyin jama'a a Rasha a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Peter I.

samfurin ra'ayin kansa ne impeccable. Rasha, domin ta tarihi manufa, hade da na uku Roma. Saboda haka, a tune da wannan, wani samfurin na Rasha wallafe-wallafen wayewa aiwatar da ya nemi shi a cikin tarihi na zamanin d Roma! Yana da wannan dabaru kamata Lomonosov ( "Monument").

The waka, wanda bincike ya nuna cewa shi ne mai Saukar da mawãƙi, na nuna irin rawar da a kasarsa cancanci zauna high shayari.

A halittarsa "Monument" Lomonosov - canonical aya, da ciwon tushen - wani Ode ga mawãƙi naiizvestneyshego heyday na Roman adabi na Quintus Horatius Flaccus. Saboda wannan, marubucin kulawa don organically danganta madawwami dabi'u da kuma Rasha hanyar ci gaba. Duk da haka, babban ra'ayin na translation - ya bijirar da wani irin hanya na ci gaba adabi a Rasha da kuma Roma.

A babba da bambance-bambance tsakanin Lomonosov ta "Monument" da kuma Horatian Ode "Don Melpomene"

Mikhail, a hankali tsaresu daga asalin tushen darajar zhiznestroitelnoy da kuma ado manifesto, a lokaci guda ya tashi daga wurin anakreontiki, watau lyrical a cikin yabo da farin ciki na rayuwar. Biyu-syllable iambic, kusan rhyming Lines, ta amfani da kalmomin da gangan - anachronisms Lomonosov cinma tsabta, solemnity, minted lãbãri daga tunani. Oda bambanta strofikoy barga, kuma resistant mita cewa ayyana haka nazyvaey "odic Canon". Yana ƙaho sosai kauri.

Historical yanayin halittar Ode

A kan mu gefe, shi zai zama m ba tunawa da tarihi hali a cikin abin da waka da aka rubuta. A Gabashin Turai da 40-s na XVIII karni a sakamakon sake fasalin Petra Velikogo gina wani karfi, Karkasa Rasha Empire, wani aiki takara a cikin kwanon rufi-Turai harkokin siyasa. Dauke da fitar jihar sake fasalin bayar da cin nasara da fasaha da tattalin arziki da ci baya na manyan kasashen Turai: da Netherlands, Sweden, Jamus, France. Rasha nobility, hukuncin ajin da aka kafa da kuma shiga ga al'adar Turai. Vosled ga al'umma-gini, na tsari canje-canje da aka sanya da kuma zane-zane da kuma, musamman wallafe-wallafe.

Peter na zahiri gudanar ya kuta da kuma shirin yaqi halittar wata babbar kasa cewa tezisno ambaci a cikin Ode "Monument" Lomonosov. Wannan waka ake bayyana musamman m halayyar reformist Sarkin sarakuna mana a matsayin "mulki a cikin mutane." Watakila wannan ne ya sa ya gangara a tarihi kamar yadda Bitrus Mai girma? Ba a ma maganar gaskiya na farko Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Mikhail shaci siffarta, a kwatanta da Roman sarki Davnusom.

Gyãrãwa Lomonosov shayari, Horace. "Monument" - da kambi na aikin

Duka mawãƙi: marubucin na asali "Kabarin" kuma marubucin da ya canja wuri, da kuma Horace, kuma Lomonosov - gyãrãwa ne kowane daga cikin kasa tsarin na versification. Horace primacy nasa ne amfani da Alcaic a Latin shayari. Lomonosov - gabatarwar da Rasha syllabic-tonic versification manufa, ci gaban model na daban-daban rhythmic Tsarin Rasha shayari. Pushkin aka haifa ba tukuna, kuma iambic tetrameter, kamar yadda, lalle ne, da kuma ka'idodin versification, an riga an ci gaba. Ta yaya kuke tunani abin? The tambaya, ba shakka, rhetorical ...

Kamar yadda wani m, ƙasarsa ta harshe, kamar yadda wani masanin ilimin harsuna, masanin kimiyyar, Mikhail tsare canza kama, kuma a gaskiya - Ya halitta rhetoric na Rasha harshe.

A ra'ayin odes na Horace «Exegi monumentum ...»

M consonance wallafe-wallafen canje a Rasha, Mikhail Vasilyevich aikata, tare da kungiyar na Latin shayari na Horace a cikin zinariya shekaru Roman wallafe-wallafe. Comparative bincike na jami'ar waka "Monument" tun da ya zama da aka sani tun da Renaissance, da 30th Horatian Ode ( «Exegi monumentum ...») ya tabbatar da wannan.

Its mahaliccin gangara a tarihi a matsayin mawãƙi-jama'a, philosophically ayyana ta wuri a cikin tarihi da kuma a cikin jihar. (Ya gabatar da wannan Ode zuwa uku na daga cikin babban aikin, "Science shayari.") Ya main maki: mawãƙi fa, tã sabubban kerawa a jihar, da kuma jihar, bi da bi, na'am daga shi a cikin sama domin wani musamman poetic image, Chanting ya shahara, kyau.

Mene ne abin yabo da Horace zuwa duniya wakoki? Horace, mutumin "wanda ya sanya kansa" mahaliccin da kimiyya da al'adu na wakoki, ya san cewa a duniya, "akwai wurare, ba sassaka a dutse." Idan sarakuna da Fir'auna dorewar kansu cyclopean Tsarin, da mawãƙi - master of music halitta a cikin memory na ruhaniya "alamomin na dauwama" - ayyukansu. Wadannan ayyuka ne maras lokaci, da taba da rayukan mutane daban-daban a zamaninsu, sun cusa tunani da kuma ƙungiyoyi. Saboda haka, sunan da mawãƙi ba ya je cikin abu wulakantacce. Wannan ra'ayin ya mai girma Roman ne a zahiri ayyana a Ode "Don Melpomene".

Irin wannan Horatian, amma gyara domin Rasha ƙayyadaddu, views on shayari sa a cikin aikinsa "Monument" Lomonosov. The waka iya zama da epigraph «Sapere aude» ( «gyara maka a zuciya saya hikima"). Vision Vasilyevich Mikhailov hanyoyi na ci gaban Rasha adabi ne kusan ya zo daidai da Horatian. Kuma wannan duk da cewa da Lomonosov da Horace shared goma sha biyar da shekara ɗari!)

Tarihi da stanzas na Horace an isa ...

Duk da haka, 250 shekaru kafin a haifi Lomonosov Italian mawãƙi Francesco Petrarca, da aka sani Katolika adadi na Italian Renaissance zamanin, ya riga ya halitta, da fuskantar da rinjayar Horace, ya waqe (sonnets, Sestina, madrigals, canzone). Mafi mashahuri na m al'adunmu na Turai Roman kasida, kazalika ga Mikhail Vasilyevich ya Horatian uku littafin "Science na Poetry", wanda kawai yana dauke da Ode "Don Melpomene".

Lomonosov - kafa na adabi hadisin goratsionskoy

A bincike na waka "Monument" University a kan girma a cikin dubun sau fi girman da waka. Yana da wani short, amma musamman capacious. Duk da haka, waka na Mikhail kusa a ruhu zuwa cikin shahararrun Ode "Don Melpomene" Quintus Horatius Flaccus.

Create an asali translation na Roman ayyukansu, shirkin da kanta tare da wasu, yayin da denoting ta sirri taimako ga adabi ... Wannan Horatian poetic hadisin halitta shi Lomonosov. Halin kirki da hakkin ya ci gaba ga 'yan shi da wani Rasha mawãƙi Derzhavin, Pushkin, Bruce, Mayakovsky, Gamzatov Vysotsky.

Tuni a cikin XVIII - XIX karni, halitta ya kowane tunawa Derzhavin, Pushkin, Lomonosov. Abin da irin Trend za a iya gani a canji na University of abin tunawa ga Pushkin wãsa? Lomonosov ta aikin ƙa'ida - Roman kuma Pushkin kuma ya yi magana na musamman "game da babban Rasha." Zai yiwu ne kawai Alexander Sergeevichem ciki samfurin dabaru adana, da kuma ake Alexandria al'amudi a matsayin kwatanta.

A solemnity na Ode

A bincike na waka "Monument" Lomonosov ƙa'ida turawa da mu zuwa ga watsuwar Horace nasarorin da suka samu a shayari, gane da Roman al'umma da kuma jiha. Su bi kwat da wando bayan da girma Roman, lists da Mikhail. Duk da haka, mun lura cewa Lomonosov ba magatakarda - wani karin. Just asali lomonosovkogo enumeration isa yabo na girma Roman Empire kafin Madawwami ba su makantar da su retelling. Asali na da ra'ayin Mikhail ga yin amfani da wani kwatanta kansa da Horace, da kuma Rasha da Roma, to gaya jama'a game da aikata na aikin da aikinsa. Shi da kansa yana kama da amfanoni da wa Horatian lieraturoy! Saboda haka, kusan kowace aya ya rubuta nasa qagaggun hade riga da Rasha da kuma wani mutum.

A bincike na waka "Monument" Lomonosov rubuta a Ode da Genre, Notes solemnity nebudnichnost na rubutu - halayyar fasali na Ode. Wadannan ayoyi bayar da shawarar da jama'a karatu.

Lomonosov aikin na Rasha adabi kamar yadda "da wata ãyã dawwama"

A gabatarwar Ode Mikhail ya rubuta game da halittar poetic "alamar dawwama." Menene ma'anar wannan dangane da wallafe-wallafen da amfanoni, irin gudunmawar da art na Horace?

A gaskiya ma, game da kashe wani manufa na samar da wani umurni da Rasha harshen da ta musamman style tsarin, da ka'idodin jitu versification, nau'o'i ɓullo da wani mai jiwuwa tsarin, kawo shi duka ga wata alama ce - da alama ce Lomonosov ( "Monument"). Analysis na dawwama muhimmancin wannan taimako zuwa reeks slovestnosti bayyana bambancinsa na Rasha classicism. Ya bambanta da Turai classicism, Rasha a cikin XVIII karni bai dogara a kan ci gaban cikin gida da wallafe-wallafen hadisin. Amma Lomonosov da aka ɓullo da ta ordering. Wannan shi ne, godiya ga Mikhail Vasilievich, a cikin XVIII karni Rasha adabi ka'idar gaba da ta yi.

A mawãƙi ne m, a garinsu

Ga irin wannan gaske "madawwami alamar" - cikakken tsarin na versification ba duk kasida - gãje Lomonosov. Bayan duk, babban Rasha harshen ne daga lokaci. An jaddada mawãƙi - masanin kimiyya yana nufin fiye da aka sani alama ce dawwama - da pyramids. Artwork Lomonosov "Monument" ta bayar da hujjar cewa al'adar mawãƙi - dan kasa daure da m dangantaka tare da mahaifarsa, aka kuma inextricably nasaba da shi. Ya, kamar almara Antaeus, to zana ƙarfi daga ƙasar haihuwarmu. High kerawa ba zai iya dogara da jihar da kuma dole ne ku bauta wa da shi, ya ce Mikhail.

Mene ne irin wannan hali University da Horace?

Kamar haka daga Jami'ar tunanin aiki a kan waka "Monument", ya, kamar yadda wani mawãƙi, delving cikin abun ciki na Horatian Ode, ya samu wasu irin danginku ruhohi da Horace. Kamar Roman mawãƙi, Mikhail ya fara aiki daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci zamantakewa strata. A cikin aikin na biyu mawãƙi ji dan kasa mafi girma ga daraja. Dukansu biyu suna da su yanayi da aka workaholics da kuma kwarewa a versification - da amfani ga sauran kasida.

Samun a kãmun layi na Lomonosov ta "Monument", wanda ƙa'ida shi zo daga Roman mawãƙi ta fuskar, da gaske ji a ji na Deja vu da Rasha na XVIII karni, ta shayari.

Jami'ar aikin ci gaba kasida

Ya, kamar Horace, ba tare da ƙarya farjõjinsu kuma da ma'ana jinsin taimakawa ga adabi bi, watau, nan gaba na adabi tsari. Ya gane - aikinsa zai zama a bukatar ko da yaushe, kyaututukan da ya samu sun ayyana babban kwatance na ci gaba shayari, wanda zai babu makawa ci gaba da mabiyansa. Saboda haka, Lomonosov, bi kwat da wando bayan da girma Roman, na biyu "ba zan mutu ..." Ya, wadannan Horace, ta ɗaure ta daukaka zuwa daukaka da ke jihar. A cikin waka Lomonosov amfani da kalmar "Roma", ko karkashin astute karatu cewa gani "Rasha".

ƙarshe

Analysis ayar "Monument" University daukan mana zuwa lokacin da Rasha gargajiya shayari a formative mataki. An ba tukuna aka yi wa ado da wani galaxy na m kasida na XIX karni: NA Nekrasov, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Pushkin. Ba mu ji a cikin ta su zukatanmu kalmomi, kiran mutane zuwa ga alheri, da adalci, da kuma bil'adama ...

Amma kar ka manta da cewa Rasha zinariya galaxy na kasida ta samu daga Jami'ar wani m kyauta - mai jiwuwa ka'idar rhetoric da ɓullo da wani mawãƙi-masanin dokokin versification. Pushkin ta iambic tetrameter da aka kirkiro a cikin m dakin gwaje-gwaje na Mikhail Vasilyevich.

University undeniable invaluable taimako ga Rasha shayari aka kawai nuna mana waka "Monument".