Ivan Shmelev: biography, photo, kuma kerawa

Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich - sanannen Rasha marubuci. A aikinsa, ya bayyana rai da daban-daban sassa na al'umma, amma, musamman m, ya bayyana rai da "karamin mutumin." Photo Ivana Shmeleva da aka gabatar a kasa.

Origin Shmelev

Ivan Sergeyevich aka haife 21 ga watan Satumba, 1873. Ya kasance irin Zamoskvoretskaya fatake. Duk da haka, harkokin ciniki a mahaifinsa kadan ban sha'awa. Yana dauke da yawa baho da m masassaƙa. Shmelev iyali sun Old Muminai, kuma shi yana irin, mulkin demokra] iyya. Tsohon Muminai, a matsayin masu, da kuma talakawa da ma'aikata da suke zaune kusa-saƙa da al'umma. Su bi janar dokoki domin duk, na ruhaniya da kuma kyawawan dabi'u. Ivan Shmelev girma a wani yanayi na janar jituwa da kuma kyakkyawar mu'amala. Ya tunawa duk mafi kyau a mutum tsakaninsu. A tsawon shekaru wadannan yara irin abubuwan da aka nuna a cikin ayyukansu.

Saba da litattafansu

Home Ilimi Ivan Sergeyevich aka tsunduma yafi uwa. Ita ce ta sanar da ɗanta, don karanta mai yawa. Saboda haka Ivan yara da aka saba da aiki da marubuta kamar Pushkin, litattafan Gogol, Tolstoy, Turgenev, da sauransu. Su nazari dade cikin ransa. Daga baya ya yi karatu a dakin motsa jiki Ivan Shmelev. Tarihinsa alama ta zurfafa da wallafe-wallafen da ilmi ba. Ivan Sergeyevich yi murna da karanta littafin Leskov, Korolenko, Uspensky, Melnikov Pechenskogo. A wata hanya da suka kasance da ya wallafa gumãka. Hakika, wannan bai dakatar da sakamako daga cikin samuwar nan gaba marubuci na Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Wannan ya tabbatar da daga baya aiki Shmelev: "Madawwami Ideal", "Treasure na taron", "The Mystery of Pushkin."

wallafe-wallafen halarta a karon

Ivan Shmelev, wanda biography mu da sha'awar a, ya fara a matsayin wani marubuci a 1895. A cikin mujallar "Rasha Review" da aka wallafa labarin "da Mill". Wannan aikin yana nufin samuwar hali na mutum hanyoyi zama m da shawo kan matsaloli na rayuwa, da fahimtar da rabo da kuma halin da talakawa mutane.

A littafin, ya kawo cizon yatsa

Bayan da ya aure da wani matashi matar tafi zuwa tsibirin Valaam, inda zamanin d gidajen lama da hermitages, Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich.

Biography of yawa marubuta da aka nuna a cikin aikin, da kuma Shmelev - shi ne ba togiya. A sakamakon wannan tafiya ya littafin "A da kankara Bal'amu ...". Da ta buga kawo budding marubucin yawa acin rai. Gaskiyar cewa Pobedonostsev oberprokuror Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista, wanda ta wurinsa ne wannan littafi ya da za a gudanar, a samu a cikin samfurin seditious lãbãri. Shmelev ƙarshe aka tilasta yanke da rubutu, canza aiki, tauye da ya halitta na da marubucin zest. Wannan asalin {Ivan Sergeyevich. Ya yanke shawarar cewa wani wallafe-wallafen aiki - ba ya hanya. Bayan da cewa Ivan Sergeyevich rubuta kusan shekaru 10. Duk da haka, ya yi ko ta yaya tallafawa iyalinsa. Saboda haka, na yanke shawarar sami wani sabon mafari na samun kudin shiga Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich. Biography of kara shekaru ransa zai har yanzu za a hade tare da wallafe-wallafe. Amma yayin da ya yanke shawarar abin da ya yi tare da wani abu dabam.

Ivan Shmelev zama lauya

Ivan Sergeyevich yanke shawarar shigar da Moscow University domin ya sami shari'a sana'a. Da yawa ya canza, tun wannan lokacin, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - da marubuci ta muhalli. Wannan makaranta da wani rejista na sabon ƙarni na masana. Ivan Sergeyevich yi magana da ilimi fasaha da mutane cewa wadãtar da kuma harkokin rayuwar sa da kerawa. Ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar a 1898. Ivan Shmelev wasu lokaci bauta a Moscow, wani mataimakin lauya (low matsayi). Ya sa'an nan ya koma Vladimir. Ga Ivan Sergeyevich fara aiki haraji sufeto. Ko da a cikin wannan zaman yau da kullum aikin Shmelev, kamar yadda wani m mutum, na iya samun da abũbuwan amfãni. Ya zaro abubuwan da kwaikwayo a lokacin yawa tafiye-tafiye ta lardin, da ziyartar maƙil Inns. Saboda haka a hankali tara ra'ayoyi domin ya nan gaba littattafai.

Mayar da wallafe-wallafen aikin

Shmelev a 1905 yanke shawarar komawa zuwa rubuce-rubuce. A cikin mujallar "Rasha ra'ayin" da kuma "Children ta Reading" ya fara bayyana ayyukansa. Sun kasance kananan, wajen m samfurori, wani gwajin na Shmelev kansa ga marubuta filin. Shakka karshe bace. Ivan Sergeyevich karshe an tabbatar a zabi sanya. Ya yanke shawarar barin sabis. Ivan Shmelev zo a cikin babban birnin kasar. A 1907 ya fara wani sabon zamani na adabi aiki.

Sa'an nan kuma amfani da kwarewa da sadarwa da mutane, tsiwirwirinsu a lokacin tafiyarka a cikin Vladimir lardin. Marubuci Ivan Shmelev riga ya san cewa wasu sabon karfi ne Brewing cikin mutane, akwai rashin amincewa sentiments, akwai a shirye su canja, ciki har da ta hanyar juyin juya hali. A wani kananan litattafan na Ivan Sergeyevich nuna duk wadannan lura.

"Disintegration"

A shekarar 1906 kuma ya bayyana a littafinsa mai suna "Disintegration". Yana bayyana tarihin dangantakar dake tsakanin mahaifin da ɗansa. Uba ba ya son duk wani canji, ya aka saba yi duk abin da da haihuwa kera hanya. Shi ne da mai shi da wani tubali factory. Ɗansa, a daya hannun, okin ya canza. Ya zubar da sababbin manufofi. Kamar wancan akwai wani rikici na ƙarnõni a cikin wannan iyali. Don mutuwa da cewa, da kuma wani gwarzo gubar yanayi. Ban tausayi karshen, duk da haka, ba wahayi zuwa gare mummunan zato da kuma ji na rashin bege.

"Man na gidan cin abinci"

"Man na gidan cin abinci," - na gaba labarin Shmelev. An sau da yawa ake kira hallmark wannan marubuci. Labarin ya bayyana a cikin 1910. Yana kuma shãfe a kan batun ubanninku da yara. Duk da haka, wannan lokacin taron faruwa a kan backdrop na bugãwa a cikin al'umma neman sauyi sentiments. A mayar da hankali Ivan Sergeyevich, duk da haka, ba su zaman jama'a matsaloli da mutum dangantaka, matsalar rayuwa zabi.

"Rayuwa yawa"

Shmelev tare da matarsa bayan da farkon yakin duniya na farko ya koma Kaluga estate. A wannan lokaci ya yi da wani sabon samu wa kansu. Sai dai itace, ba kawai jiki mutilates wani mutum na yaki, amma kuma ta abi'a. A gwarzo na sabon Shmelev labarin "Rayuwa yawa" - kafinta. A lokacin yakin, da kasuwanci da inganta muhimmanci saboda umarni ga giciye da makarar. A ambaliya na kudi a farko flattered da maigida, amma a kan lokaci da ya gane abin da ya sanã'anta a kan mutum baƙin ciki nufin kada ka kawo farin ciki.

A harbi dan

Don gaban zarar tafi Sergei Shmelev, ɗan Ivan Sergeyevich. Ya yi aiki a Alushta Kwamandan a Wrangel sojojin. A karshen ya riga ya gudu a lokacin da Red Army dauki Alushta. Saboda haka ina aka kama Sergei Shmelev. Uba Kace kokarin aikata duk abin da ya ajiye ɗansa. Sergei Shmelev aka harbe. Shi ne mai nauyi duka da mahaifansa biyu;

ƙaura

Ivan Sergeyevich, tun tsira a 1921 da yunwa, ya yanke shawarar zuwa yi hijira. Da farko, tare da matarsa, ya koma Berlin (1922), sa'an nan kuma a bisa gayyatar da Bunin tafi Paris (1923). Ga ya rayu har zuwa rasuwarsa. Shekaru na gudun hijira - wani sabon mataki ba kawai a cikin rãyuwar Shmelev, amma kuma a cikin aikinsa.

"The Sun Matattu"

"The Sun Matattu", sanannen almara labari, da aka rubuta a wannan lokaci. Wannan aikin da aka fassara a cikin harshen Turanci, Jamusanci, Faransanci da kuma wasu harsuna. Littafi Shmelev ne mai real Boon ba kawai a cikin gida amma kuma a duniya wallafe-wallafe. A cikin aikin na Ivan Sergeyevich ya yi wani yunkurin kai wani gaskiya look at jigon da bala'i da ya same Rasha al'umma.

"Summer Ubangiji" (Ivan Shmelev)

Works ta Ivan Sergeyevich aka halitta a wuya lokacin kasar mu. Kwaikwayo yi sune tushen da ya gaba Romana Shmeleva a Rasha a 'yan shekarun nan - "Summer na Ubangiji". Marubuci, zane da hotuna na Orthodox holidays, ya bayyana rai da Rasha mutane. Jawabi a yara shekaru, Ivan Sergeyevich kama hasashe na duniya mũminai yaro wanda trustingly yarda a zuciyarsa na Allah. Merchant da baƙauye milieu a cikin littafin da aka gabatar shi ne ba "duhu mulkin", da kuma Organic kuma cikakke duniya cike da ciki al'adu, da halin kirki kiwon lafiya, bil'adama da kuma soyayya. Shmelev nisa daga m ko romantic stylization. Ya siffanta da gaskiya hanyarsa ta rayuwa, ba glossing kan ta m kuma m gefen, ta "sãme". Domin da rai tsarkakakke na yaro ana bude yafi ga ta m, mai haske gefe. A zama na haruffa da nasaba da ibadar da kuma coci rayuwa. A karo na farko a Rasha adabi kamar yadda sakamakonsa, kuma warai sake ƙirƙirarsu ya na da muhimmanci Layer na kasa rai - coci da kuma addini. A addu'a ta furta da haruffa, su m abubuwan buɗewa da rai na ruhaniya na wani Kirista.

"Makarufo ta aikin daga Moscow"

A labari, Ivan Sergeyevich, "nas daga Moscow," ya ce da wani rabo sauki mace, suka juya a kira su da nufin hali a Paris. A marubuci ne labarin, ta amfani da m m sautunan da alamu na haske irony. Mai karatu a lokaci guda jin zuwa ga mawallafin to abin da ke faruwa zafi da bakin ciki. A yanki da aka rubuta a cikin nau'i na labari, da aka fi so Shmelev. Ya kamata a lura cewa marubucin ya kai shi kyau. Makarufo ta aikin Mai Darya Stepanovna halayyar ciki zaman lafiya, zurfin bangaskiya, ruhaniya kiwon lafiya da kuma m alheri. Almajiri nas - capricious, m, fitina yarinya. Marubucin ya nuna ta harafin da mai kyau walwala da annashuwa.

"Hanyar sama"

Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich, waɗanda ayyukansu da muka bayyana, ya fara aiki a kan gaba labari, mai jigo "Hanyoyi sama" da kuma kusan gama da shi. Duk da haka, a wannan lokaci na Olga, ya ƙaunataccen matarsa ta shige bayan wani rashin lafiya. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1933. Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich ya sani ba ta zama ba tare da wannan mace. A marubuci ya tafi, ta hanyar da yawa ta bayan mutuwarta. Ya je ya ci gaba da al'amarinsu, amma da ransa aka ba zato ba tsammani daina wani ciwon zuciya.

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev mutu Yuni 24, 1950.