Kobylianska marubuci Olga Yulianovna: biography, kerawa da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Olga Yulianovna Kobylianska (1863-1942) - Ukrainian marubuci, sanannun adadi, wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga gwagwarmayar daidaito tsakanin mata da maza. memba na kungiyar tarayyar Soviet Writers.

Yara a Gura Humorului a Suceava

Olga Kobylianska (1863-1942 gg.) An haife a 27 ga watan Nuwamba a garin Gura Humorului a yankin na Carpathian Mountains (yanzu mallakar birnin Romania) kuma ya rayu kusan shekaru 80 na mai tsawo da kuma m rayuwa. Don ƙarin Olga ciyar da yara tare da 'yan'uwansa maza da mata da yake kaunar (da aka haife ta hudu yaro a cikin iyali). Yana ta fara rayuwa a Gura Humorului, sa'an nan a cikin gaggawa takarda na mahaifinsu, da iyali koma birnin Suceava, inda gaba da Kobylyansky iyali rayu Ukrainian mawãƙi Nikolai Ustiyanovich. Bada jimawa ba, nan gaba marubuci sami a wani sabon birni sabon budurwa - ya takwara da wannan makwabcin Ustiyanovicha ya Olga. A wannan birni Julian Kobylyansky, attaching bayar da muhimmanci ga ilimi da na 'ya'yansu, ta ba da wani kananan' ya'yan zuwa makaranta. Tare da mazan da 'yan'uwana da Olga fara hankali saba wa tsarin ilmantarwa.

Yara a Kimpolunge

Bayan Suceava Kobylyansky mayar da su cikin lambu-gari, amma ba su zauna a can - iyalin gidan mahaifinsa akwai wani hari, bayan da gida likita yanke shawarar cewa in warkar da haƙuri kawai yana bukatar wasu sabo dutsen iska. Gab da mahaifinsa da Olga ya kasance kullum Kobylianska. Biography gaba marubuci sa'an nan ya ci gaba a Kimpolung inda dukan iyalin da aka tilasta su motsa a 1869, da kuma inda za su rayu bayan shekaru goma sha huɗu. Wannan har yanzu akwai wata yarinya shekaru hudu, ya sauke karatu daga wani karamin Jamus makaranta. Da farko, da horo da aka ba wuya saboda Jamus da aka sabon harshe ga matasa Olga, kuma duk da haka kome za a iya yi - a cikin ta Kudu Bukovina a cikin wadanda shekaru Jamus shi ne hukuma harshen, domin manhaja a mafi makarantu da aka gudanar a ranar da shi.

iyali

Duk wani marubuci zai iya gaya mai yawa ta hanyar yin amfani da wani iri-iri na kafofin, kuma a cikin wannan marubuci ne mai ban sha'awa al'amari daga biography. Olga Kobylianska ya kasance daya daga 'ya'ya bakwai a cikin iyali. A zamanin yau yana da wuya su yi tunanin - yadda kokarin da suke ciyarwa don tabbatar da cewa kowane yaro ya girma nagarin mutum a nan gaba. Iyaye na gaba marubuci, kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa daga farkon ya ba da sauki, musamman, shi ne ya kamata a lura da nauyi rabo Yuliana Kobylyanskogo wadda kusan a farkon yara bar wani maraya. Olga ta uba, duk da wuya halin da ake ciki, kokarin da wuya a samu wani ilimi a kan nasu, sunã tsirfatãwa shi cikin darussan da ya ba ran mutum unguwa da yara. Godiya ga kokarin da zarar ya aikata wani tabo Kobylyansky kwangila saja, da kuma bayan wannan ya bi ta a gabatarwa - ya aka nada mandatorom. Duk da haka, da so ga gaskiya da maza taka zamba a kan shi: adawa daraja mallaki gidaje da kuma ciwon game, da yake shi kansa hannu da hukunci. Kuma har yanzu ban ba up da kuma bayan 'yan shekaru da ya yi mai kyau aiki a cikin kotu.

Game da uwar Olga Kobylyanskaya san da yawa kasa da Uba. Muhimmanci gaskiya ne cewa, ta kasance 'yar gudun hijira Dogayen sanda. Na dogon lokaci uwar nan gaba marubuci yi aiki a matsayin governess a cikin iyali na da wani m firist.

Kamar yadda uba da kuma uwa Kobylyanskaya masu gaskiya ne da kuma taimakawa mutane, duk za a bi da tare da girmamawa, da suka so da shawara da kuma sauraron su. Mahaifina ya m at sau, amma ko da yaushe gaskiya, da tsohuwarsa taushi da kuma m mace wanda ya gudanar ya kawo bakwai na nagari mutane da kuma bude hanya a rayuwa.

Harufan fitarwa na kanta

Duk da m nazarin harshen Austro-Hungarian Empire, sai ya fara karatu Kobylianska kuma Ukrainian harshe, wanda aka ba mafi wuya Jamus. Ta dauki darasi daga wani gida malami a Protsyukevich iyali, wanda ya koya a wannan makaranta, inda Olga karatu.

Da yake ina da kyakkyawar yarinya iya ba da 'yanci-auna da kuma wani tunanin a zuciyar, kada ka ji da adabi, a koyaushe ina neman wata damar jefa fitar da tunani da kuma juyayinsu. Kuma a ta iyali daga cikin shimfiɗar jariri, mahaifa inculcate a yara game da soyayya ga kalma da kuma aiki da mutane. A sakamakon haka, a lokacin shekaru na horo a Kimpolunge Olga Sake karanta littattafai masu yawa: jerin hada duka biyu Goethe da Schiller, kuma ko da Byron.

Biography Kobylyanskoy Olgi Yulianovny bada karatu a m ra'ayin abin bi a cikin ƙarfafa yarinya craving ga m wallafe-wallafen art. Riga yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu da ta jarraba shi poetic karfi da kuma na farko line Daddy.

farkon Works

Sun Kobylianska Olga ya rubuta na farko waqe karkashin ban sha'awa da kuma nuna jigon yara inexperience kira "Hortensius, ko zane na rayuwar wata yarinya." A aikin da aka rubuta a cikin harshen Jamus da aka ba su yarda da wani daga cikin abokai ko idon sani Kobylyanskaya. Daga farko haushi na gazawar Olga a rayuwata ba a sake tunawa da farko a yunkurin rubuce.

Amma wannan ba zai daina - zo da haske a 'yan waqe: "A zane na kasa rayuwa a Bukovina," "Man of the People", da dai sauransu Kuma dukan waɗannan ayyuka sun sketchy, nuna rubutu wasu fannoni, kuma ba so da za a tattara .. a cikin wani cikakken hoto na tunani da kuma wani tunanin jihar marubucin.

Da samuwar matsayin marubuci Olga Kobylyanskaya

An muhimmanci batu a cikin rabo Olgi Kobylyanskoy suka saba da Nataley Kobrinskoy, da aka sani a lokacin Ukrainian marubuci. A mafi Kobylyanskaya kawai goma sha takwas, amma wannan bai hana ta zuwa ta ƙafa da m Gait to bi hanya a kan wanda shi ya aiko da iyaye na farko, da kuma yanzu da ya rene a cikin mutum daga cikin manyan marubuci. Daga wannan aya a kan, dukan ransa ya canjãwa da cika fuska Olga. Kafin shi ya buɗe wani daban-daban duniya - a duniya inda ta iya karshe ra'ayinsu ba tare da tsoron da ake yi izgili.

Kobrin Kobylyansky sassarfa da Ukrainian kerawa - a cikin shakka ne Ukrainian littattafai da Legends. Tãrãwa hadiya kowace kalma Kobylianska gane cewa ta ya samu ta wurin a rayuwa. Mutane da yawa abokai da kuma acquaintances zai gladly taimaka Olga a cikin binciken na Ukrainian al'adu. Jimawa Kobylianska Olga zai fara yi samu babban cigaba a cikin wallafe-wallafen filin. Bayan rubuta labarin a Jamus "Ta yi aure," wanda daga baya ya zama tushen ga labari "The Man", da haske ya bayyana cewa mafi shahara Ukrainian marubuci Kobylyanskaya Olga.

Rayuwa a Czernowitz

A 1891, don iyali dalilai Kobylyansky dukan iyalin koma Chernivtsi. Wannan lokaci zastaot Olga a full Bloom marubuta sojojin - ta na son kewaye, ta so ka ƙirƙiri da kuma kawo wani bangare na kansu a wannan duniya. A cikin wannan birnin, ta yanzu zai iya cikakken rufe Ukrainian al'adu, fiye da kuma shi ne, a lokaci guda inganta wasu daga ayyukansu.

A 1894, a "Dawn" mujallar buga na farko Ukrainian Kobylyanskaya labarin "The Man." Haskake mai haske haskoki marubuci na nasara ko da wuya aiki, yin daban-daban fassarorin, yana shan wani aiki sashi a duk wallafe-wallafen events.

labarin da ake kira "Princess" da aka kammala a 1895. Sai bayan wannan aiki Kobylianska Olga Yulianovna lashe girmamawa daga bikin marubucin Ivana Franko.

A 1898, marubucin zo zuwa ga birnin. Ga biography Kobylyanskaya Olga Yulianovna replenishes sabon gagarumin taron - ta kaina, na sadu da Ivan Franko, daura tsakanin su da wani karfi aminci. Bayan wannan taron, Ivan Franko, kamar yadda wani m iko da kuma waliyai a lokacin da wani marubuci ya fito fili ya ayyana da basira da Olga Kobylyanskaya.

Saba da Lesya Ukrainka (Larisa Kosach)

'Yan mutane ba a sani ba mutum daya more, amma mafi Mabayyani marubuci karkashin pseudonym Lesya Ukrainka. Da yawa sun yanzu jita-jita, da asirai a kusa da sunan wadannan mata biyu, biyu mabiyin kare hakkin mata, biyu 'yan mata, musamman irin wannan a ruhu. A 1899, ta hanyar wani juna aboki M. Pavlik an sani na nan gaba na biyu rabuwa da abokai. A 1899 Les warware farko rubuta wata wasika zuwa Olga, daga abin da na farko da wasika da kuma fara rubutu na biyu mata, za su kai ga ƙarshen ya kwana. Amazing rapport kafa tsakanin su: duka biyu girma farin ciki ga rubutu na littattafai, music, adabi, tattaunawa da kuma raba su tunani, su matsaloli. Lesya Ukrainka ko da yaushe ganin darajarsa mallakar m ra'ayin a cikin ayyukan Kobylyanskaya da sauran a mayar da martani shirka shayari na da budurwa. A ko'ina cikin aminci sun kasance masu gaskiya da taimako ga juna, sau da yawa ziyarci juna da kuma kawai lokacin ba ba tare da tunani na da budurwa. Olga ziyarci Green Garka Lesia, kuma na karshe ga watan zama a gida Kobylyanskaya iyaye a cikin Carpathian Mountains.

Shi ne da godiya ga Lesia Ukrainka a kan Kobylyansky babban alama samar da ayyuka na Rasha litattafansu na zamanin - Tolstoy, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, da dai sauransu ...

A goyon bayan mata emancipation

Feeling m matsa lamba da kuma overhanging bans a fannoni daban daban, Kobylianska Olga yanke shawarar ta kowane hali su yi yaƙi da tauye hakkin mata a zamantakewa da kuma al'adu rai. A marubuci ne sosai wuta m m Feminism cewa bayan wani lokaci ya zama daya daga cikin initiators na "Rasha Mata a Bukovina".

A da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa, misali, a cikin "Princess" ko a cikin ta farko labari "The Man" Olga Kobylianska fili ya nuna heroines search motif - sami soyayya, ma'anar rayuwa kuma, ba shakka, mata farin ciki. Kowane mace harafin da marubuci yana da karfi da-so, kuma karfi da hali, ta hanyar abin da kowanne daga cikin wadannan karfi "littafin" Women karshe samun ta. Irin wannan shi ne su mahalicci.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Bayan 1912 rayuwa jũya a cikin wani baki stripe for Olga Kobylyanskaya. Daya bayan daya ya mutu ta kusa abokai: Ivan Franko, kuma ko da Kotsjubinsky Lesya Ukrainka. A kasar fara wani yaki, da kuma a kan cewa ƙasa da ƙasa nauyi baƙin ciki Olga fara rubuta anti-yaki labaru, to a kalla kokarin komawa ga duniya mai duhu haske masaƙa. Tun da akwai "Dream na", "Yahuza", da sauransu.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya gurgunta, kuma a cikin tsufa Olga Kobylyansky shirin kawo fitad daga Chernivtsi, inda ta rayu daga rayuwar ta, amma shi bai yi aiki ba, da kuma abin takaici marubuci dauka fursuna da Jamusawa. Ta aka ƙaddara fada karkashin shari'a kuma zama shamefully kashe, amma kuma shi ne mai ƙarfi-so hali ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne iya canza da kuma aikata shi, idan yana so, da dukan labarin abubuwan da suka faru. Maris 21, 1942 ta mutu. A memory na mawallafiya, a garinsu gidan kayan gargajiya da aka gina, wanda wannan rana mai cike da mutane, don haka da cewa su duka ya tuna da ban mamaki mace wanda ya Olga Kobylianska. Biography of marubuci ƙarasa a cikin wannan birni - ta binne shi a Chernivtsi - wani wuri inda ta aka ƙaddara fara hanyar zuwa wani m marubuci kuma mayalwaci kammala shi.