Marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, Carlo Goldoni: biography da ayyukansu

Carlo Goldoni - bikin Venetian marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma librettist na 18th karni. Daya daga cikin duniya litattafansu. A wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da biography da kuma aiki na da sanannen Italian marubuci.

Carlo Goldoni: A Biography

Goldoni aka haife Fabrairu 25, 1707 a Venice, da iyali likita. Mahaifansa biyu mafarkin na mai shari'a aiki ga dansa, don haka da karfi don ya aike shi ya yi nazarin dokokin. Duk da haka, Carlo yara da aka fascinated da wasan kwaikwayo. Kuma a lõkacin da ya da shekaru 14 da haihuwa ya tafi ya yi nazarin falsafar, sai ya gudu daga malamai da kuma shiga wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo tafiya nagartattu. Goldoni ciyar daga artists tsawo da kuma 4 shekaru kasance a wata makaranta a Pavia. Amma ko da a nan lokaci mai tsawo ba su zauna, Carlo aka fitar domin ya rubuta wani satirical play, wanda sanya fun na malamai.

A karshen, godiya ga kokarin da iyali, Carlo a 1732 gudanar don samun digiri na uku, kuma zuwa lauyoyi. Duk da haka, nan gaba marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo doka sana'a tsunduma a wani gajeren lokaci da kuma ciyar more lokaci a kan rubuce-rubuce. A 1738 shi ne aka buga da play Momolo cortesan, wanda ya zama farkon ya ban mamaki aiki. Duk da haka, da marubuci ta farkon ayyukansu ba musamman nasara.

ban mamaki nasara

A 1748 Carlo Goldoni, wanda aikin wannan lokaci sosai mai daraja, shi ne daya daga cikin playwrights shahara Italian nagartattu Medebaka. Ba da da ewa, marubuci da nagartattu settles a Venice cewa daukan Goldoni da ni'ima. Ga ya rayu har 1762, ci gaba da inganta su rubuce-rubuce kyauta. Wannan lokaci yana dauke su mafi hayayyafa domin Carlo. Kawai a lokacin 1750 ya kulawa don ƙirƙirar 16 comedies, daga gare su, irin sanannun matsayin "The Family antiquarian", "Kawa", "maƙaryaci", "haihuwa mãtan 'tãtsũniyõyin."

A 1756, Carlo Goldoni motsa zuwa wani nagartattu har 1762 ta rubuta wa wani 60 comedies, daga gare su - da "wani kudi», La Villegiatura, Baruffe Chiozzote. Mafi yawa daga cikin plays na wannan zamani ne kishin siffar Venetian rayuwa. Shi yiwuwa a yi wani masterful marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, da kuma wadannan guda iya har yanzu za a gani a kan mataki.

Rayuwa a Paris

By 1762 Goldoni gane cewa 'yan qasar Venetian jama'a suka fara fi son a dama Gozzi ta kwaikwaiyo da. Ba so ganin yadda fades daraja Carlo Goldoni koma Paris. Kafin barin, ya rubuta daya daga cikin mafi kyau da ya comedies - Una della ultime sere del Carnevale. A play zama irin na ban kwana da ƙasarsa ta Venice.

A Paris, da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, ya ciyar da gaba shekaru 30. A Faransa, marubucin ci gaba da za a tsunduma a fi so craft. A nan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau comedies na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, Le bourru bienfaisant aka rubuta. A Versailles, Fabrairu 6, 1793 yana da shekaru 85 shekaru da suka mutu Goldoni.

Ko da a cikin tsufa ya rubuta memoirs, wanda su ne mafi tsabta misali na adabi da wasan kwaikwayo duniya. A karshe shekaru ransa mai girma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, ya zauna a talauci. Ya yi koyar da Italian harshen to ko ta yaya tsira. Duk da cewa da al'ada kidaya shi a fensho, marubucin ya mutu kafin ya fara karba.

Innovation Carlo Goldoni

Photo zane-zane na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, da abin tunawa sadaukar da mahalicci, za ka iya gani a wannan labarin. Goldoni ne wani shahararren ban mamaki bidi'a da kawo canji. Na dogon lokaci da Italian wasan kwaikwayo da aka wakilta kawai da wani comedy of masks dangane improvisation. By tsakiyar 18th karni shi ne gaba daya daga kwanan wata, amma yunkurin da aka yi ta zuwa ga bambancin, ya bai isa ba.

Goldoni kawai gudanar ya canza halin da ake ciki. Domin ya burin ya na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo a hankali. Da farko play ya partially Momolo cortesan labari. Kuma ta 1750, Goldoni karshe gusa daga tsohon wasan kwaikwayo dabaru. Duk da haka, gaba daya ya manta game improvisation comedy marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, bai yi kuskure, don haka bar mafi m da kuma mafi ƙaunar da Italian sauraro mask :. Doctor, Pantalone, Brighella, Harlequin, Columbine, da dai sauransu Duk da haka, duk wadannan hotunan an yi sosai reworked marubuci da haruffan da suka canja.

Canza masks na haruffa

Satire Carlo Goldoni ya ba kamar yadda tsanani kamar yadda a cikin classic comedy masks cewa rinjayi haruffa. Doctor, kafin wannan da aka bayyana a matsayin wani mashayi, kuma a chatterbox, ya zama nagari iyali mutum. Brighella, karshe swindler da wani fim din, a Goldoni bayyana ko majordomo maigidan da gidan cin abinci.

Musamman a fili bayyana moralistic yanayin da marubuci ta plays a cikin mask Pantalone. Kafin gwarzo Zagayawar kamar yadda rowa, m kuma lustful tsohon mutumin. Yanzu Pantalone canza, kuma ya kasance wani mutum nagari tsofaffi m, da m daga cikin mafi kyau halaye na Venetian bourgeoisie. Ya zama Kakaki, na mulkin demokra] iyya ra'ayoyin, ya koyar da aristocrats. Ya ce cewa duk mutane da daidaita hakkoki.

A bourgeoisie a Italiya cewa ya inganta a cikin wadanda shẽkaru a cikin mutãnen na akida, a samu a cikin ayyukansu na Goldoni matsayin m koyarwa da kuma karfafa gwiwa yabo. Marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo na rayayye ciyar da ra'ayin cewa bourgeoisie kan nobility ya sauko cikin halin kirki da kuma ruhaniya sharuddan. Wannan akida fuskantarwa da marubuci ya yi aiki ko da mafi m tsakanin yawan jama'a.

afterword

Saboda haka, mahaliccin classic Italian bourgeois wasan kwaikwayo Karlo Goldoni. Brief biography na marubuci, ya gabatar sama, ya nuna wani m keɓe kansa ga ya craft marubuci. Duk da iyali ta zanga-zangar, ya zama shahararren matsayin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wani bidi'a. Pan-Turai daraja Goldoni gare ta so ga labarun almara da kuma cikakken hoton na rai da a lokacinsa ya mai rarity. Yana da wani hadari marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo Voltaire kira "da mai zane-zane na halitta." Goldoni ta sosai kamar a gida. A Italiya, ciki har da Venice, marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo gina tarihi da dama.