Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov: tarihin, photos da kuma sake dubawa

A zuciya na birnin, a kan shaft Chernigov, majestic snow-fari Haikali. Ya aka lashe tare da biyar domes da hasumiyoyin da conical siffar. Wannan musamman abin tunawa daga farkon ta goma sha ɗaya karni - Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov.

ban sha'awa kwanakin

Na dogon lokaci, da Orthodox coci ne mafi tsufa a cikin irin wannan Tsarin tun ya'yan sarakuna ba sau. Hakika, shi ne wata tambaya na wadanda suka tsira. Duk da haka, kwanan nan karatu sun nuna cewa mafi tsufa ne St. Sophia Cathedral, wanda ma'aikatan baya a 2010 ya bayyana cewa, karshen da aka kafa a 1011. A matsayin hujja da suka kawo da yawa Kwalayen da ganuwar. Ko da yake wannan version ne har yanzu ba gaba daya kafa, amma wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa shekara a lokacin da Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernihiv da aka kafa - 1036-th.

Tarihi na halitta

A 1024 sanannen Chernigov Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich Hrabry lashe dogon internecine yaƙe-yaƙe da fara ƙwarai fadada da ikon mallakar. Ya ƙasashe miƙa daga Sivershchyna zuwa Arewa Caucasus. A wannan lokaci a cikin ƙasa Dneshnego Castle Detintsa ko kamar yadda yanzu ake kira, fara gina manya-manyan yarima ta kotu. Wannan hadadden ya tsakiya tsarin ne Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov, wanda tarihi ne inextricably nasaba da tarihin Kievan Rus.

An sani cewa a wannan shekara ta kafa mutu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, ganuwar da Haikalin, kamar yadda evidenced da chroniclers, aka riga da ake tãyar da mai tsawo na hudu mita.

Ba a kare ba riga a zamanin mulkin Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, wani kyau sosai Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernihiv shi ne babban haramin ƙasar. A nan ne kiyaye yawa rare mu'ujiza-aiki icons, kaya daga tsarkaka.

Bayan rasuwar Prince Brave, da kafa, daga gine-gine na babban coci ya kashe dukan iyayengiji. Su aka tura zuwa da gina coci na St. Novgorod Sofia. Saboda haka, kammala Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernihiv ne kawai a tsakiyar ta goma sha ɗaya karni.

darajar

Domin kusan tara ƙarni shi wani babban coci ga gida diocese. Ya aka matsayin cibiyar jama'a da kuma rayuwar zamantakewa. A karkashin ta arches aka binne mutane da yawa daga cikin sarakunan da kuma ruhaniya master. Ga kaya daga Prince Mstislav da Brave da Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych da 'ya'yansa maza Oleg da Gleb. A 1246 a nan mai tsarki shahidai Michael kuma Fedor aka binne shi. Duk da haka, a 1572-m, ta domin na Ivan da Munin, su aka hawa zuwa Moscow.

Wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne inda aka binne shi Prince Igor - gwarzo na "The Tale of Igor ta Gangamin". Ya yi mulki Chernigov daga 1198 th to 1201-th shekaru. A nan ana binne hierarchs na gida diocese Lazar Baranavichy da Ambrose Dubkevich. A wannan zamanin tsoho Rasha a cikin Cathedral ne daya daga cikin mafi, watakila, girmama gumaka a Rasha - Smolensk Icon na Uwar Allah, ko Hodegetria. Duk da haka, bayan wani lokaci Vladimir Monomakh koma cikin shrine zuwa Smolensk.

Janar view

Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov, wanda ya nuna wani shirin babban isa ga tsohon Rasha matsayin - 18,25h27 mita - uku-nave tsarin da uku apses da shida dogayen sanda, gina sau da yawa. A cikin goma sha takwas da goma sha tara ƙarni, misali, yana da biyu hasumiyai sun overbuilt. Kuma kawai bayan da cewa Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernihiv samu ta yanzu form.

kewayen kewaye da facade ne musamman rikitarwa m masonry sanya na tubalin boye a kusa da nan. Ado asali pilasters, a cikinta, a farko bene - kusan lebur, alhãli kuwa a karo na biyu - dimbin yawa.

Sarari shiryawa, wanda shi ne Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov (photo kawo shi gida kowane mutum, zuwa ga birnin), shi ne da gaske musamman. Wannan asali tsarin ba mallaki by wani tsoho Ibada.

A tono bayyana cewa gabashin kusassari ga babban ginin da aka kara a karamin ɗakin sujada, wanda ba tsira zuwa yau. Kuma a yau, Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov, photo wanda shi ne hujja da daraja ba tare da su.

Ba kiyaye zagaye hasumiyar da kuma m zuwa gefen arewa na shirayin. Ta jagoranci daga gallery bene. Kuma daga kudu aka asali da aka a haɗe trehapsidny kadan coci, wanda ya baftisma. Haka kuma, a lokacin da a 1239 da babban coci a lokacin da mamayewa na Tatars aka kusan halaka, auku arches da kuma domes.

The gine-gine da bayani

Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov style wanda yake a fili na kewaye giciye-Dome Byzantine Haikalin tare da wasu abubuwa na romance Basilica musamman kyau. A kan aiwatar da gina master amfani da fasaha na gauraye masonry. A lokaci guda tare da wani plinth ga Old Rasha gine ne da halayyar bakin ciki hadayu tubali - halitta dutse aka yi amfani. Gine-ginen da suka yi karatu da manufa da kuma gina fasaha, admiringly lura da cewa a sanyata bayani na babban coci da mãmãki bayyanannu, kusan cikakkiyar.

A sakamakon lokaci

Domin kusan shekara dubu na tarihin wannan zamanin da al'adu tunawa underwent yawa halaka da kuma maimaitawa. A cikin shekaru a lokacin da Chernigov a 1239 da aka dauka na dakarun Khan Mangu, babban coci ya halartar cikakken looting. A cewar labari, shi ne a nan rufe, tsaron gida, na karshe kare auku birni. Tsaro jagoranci Chernigov Prince Mstislav. Matarsa, domin kada su fada a hannun makiya, tsalle daga windows na ja hasumiyai na babban coci.

Episcopal See aka koma daga Chernigov a birnin Bryansk. Shi ne kawai a 1675 - lokacin da Archbishop Li'azaru Baranovichi - ya fara da za'ayi maimaitawa aiki. Sa'an nan kuma aka overbuilt apse.

maimaitawa

Bayan wani sosai reorganization na coci da aka za'ayi a 1791-1798, bi da bi, bayan da wuta, a lokacin da ginin da aka mai tsanani lalace. Yana da aka a wannan lokaci, da yawa tsohon Rasha frescoes aka rasa.

Chroniclers rubuta cewa a 1783-m a Chernihiv aka wucewa Potemkin, wanda shi ne sosai sha'awar a cikin wannan babban coci. A sakamakon ya request ga gyare-gyare da aka kasaftawa isasshen kudi. Duk da haka, da rashin alheri, da sake fasalin kudin na fiye da cũtar da Haikali. Yana sa irin wannan cuta wadda iya ba ko da sa duk gabata, halakarwa.

Sa'an nan a kowane gefe na Cathedral biyu nuna hasumiyai aka kara. Wannan shi ne ya ba da babban coci a wasu kama da coci. Bugu da kari, su zama a matsayin sundial.

ciki

A ciki na Cathedral ji kauri da kuma m hade da verticals da horizontals. Musamman daraja ambata ne tsoho sauran kaya kamar frescoes da reliefs a kan parapets ƙananan waƙoƙi, da farko aza shafi. Abin baƙin ciki, ba duka na pre-Mongol haikali ado zauna, da kuma abin da ya zo mana, tsira a wani ɓaɓɓake, kuma ya dubi mafi alhẽri. Babban ɓangare na ciki zane-zane da hallaka da wuta a tsakiyar karni na sha takwas.

Famous fresco "daidaita da Manzanni Thecla" An cire a cikin 30-ies na Bolsheviks, sa'an nan an halaka su a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Sauran 'yan, amma sosai tsoho zane-zane spots tsaya daga karkashin wuya a ga siffa daga cikin karni na sha tara frescoes. Sai dai itace cewa da ciki na babban coci da aka sake fentin a 1820-m, da kuma rabin karni daga baya sabunta. An sa'an nan kuma aka kashe tsoho zane.

A sakamakon bincike a cikin babban coci saura guda na kasa da aka gano, da sanya a daban-daban sau. Original shafi kunshi slabs na allo tas, a cikin abin da zane da aka saka cika mosaic. Daya daga cikin babban abubuwa ne concentric da'irori. Asali, da bagaden ciki da kasa da aka sharewa da yumbu glazed tiles. Duk da haka, a cikin goma sha biyu karni an maye gurbinsu da m Slate tubalan. Na musamman da darajar a cikin al'adu da tarihi da al'amurran da allo reliefs a kan parapet Choirs.

A ciki na elongated dakin daidai hadawa da gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa ciki arcades cewa karu har zuwa cikin Dome sarari. A ko'ina su tsawon aka asali sanye take katako cikas ga arewaci da kudancin mawaka. Su bunkasa kwance rabo daga cikin ciki ado. Wadannan arcades ne mafi halayyar Byzantine gine na zamanin. Duk da haka, suna rare a cikin kwanaki na Kievan Rus. Kuma wannan shi ne daya daga cikin halayyar siffofin, wanda shi ne sanannen Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov, wanda da girmamãwa daga cikin tufafin bai haifar da throned shahara majami'u.

Features

An yi imani da cewa haikalin magina maimaita wasu har da makirci da zakar Church - na farko da dutse coci Old Rasha jihar. Bugu da kari, an nuna cewa sana'a wanda Ya halitta coci a Chernigov da Kiev Sophia, sun membobin wani Byzantine gona.

An dade wanzu wani tsoho al'ada da haikalin sun rataye tutoci na birnin kare. Tun farkon karni na karshe an nuna a nan da kuma Cossack flags da kuma Banners goma sha takwas Chernigov mayakan lokacin da yaki da Napoleon , da kuma goma sha daga cikin Crimean War.

wuraren bautar

A cikin sacristy har yanzu rike da yawa liturgical abubuwa. Wasu daga cikin su bayar da ta 'yan kasa da Church da kuma na babbar daraja. Daga gare su, da albashi na Linjila - na musamman yanki na aikin, wanda ya tashe ta image.

An sani cewa bagaden ya azurfa-gilt tiered sarcophagus yin la'akari goma sha shida kilo. A lokacin ziyararsa a Chernigov a 1787 Empress Catherine II ya ba da coci da wani tsoho Katolika giciye kuma kujera, kazalika da yawa tsoho tufafin.

Babban wuraren bauta ana sa a nan har 1917, sun kaya daga Lardi Constantine da Prince Igor Olgovich. Su aka binne shi a Haikali katangu. Bugu da kari, shi ma kiyaye kayayyakin tarihi na St. Theodosius da Uglich - Bishop na Chernigov, wanda sa bude a wani azurfa reliquary, yin la'akari game da biyu kilo.

Yana kuma Stores, kuma yana daya daga cikin mafi girmama gumaka a Chernihiv yankin - Uwar Allah Ripkinskoy. Amma ya fi shahara ne dauke Protectress. A lokutan Kievan Rus wannan daki a cikin Ruhu Mai Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov kawo 'yar Sarkin sarakuna Constantine, wanda aka auri Yarima Vsevolod. Haifa a wannan aure da Vladimir Monomakh a 1097 yana mulkin Smolensk, inda ya sāke gina Haikalin. Bayan kammala shi, ya koma da icon daga Chernigov. Kuma tun sa'an nan ta fara kira Smolensk. An ce, saboda ta Batu Khan a 1239 bai iya daukar birnin.

haikali a yau

Cikin dukanin ta zama ba, Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov, jadawali na ayyuka wanda a yau sani duk parishioners, wani wuri cewa an girmama ba kawai sauki talakawa Kiristoci, amma aristocrats daga gidan sararta cewa mulki da Rasha Empire, idan da tsarin shi ne har yanzu Yana wani bangare ne na Ukraine. A haikali nasa ne da kare al'adu da tarihi da Monuments. A binciken da na tarihi da kuma gine-gine da siffofin ci gaba har sai kwanan nan. A halin yanzu, da Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral ne inganci da kuma kare ta jihar, shi ne wani ɓangare na tarihi shakatawa da ake kira "Ancient Chernihiv".