Triticale - abin da yake da shi? Rarrabuwa da kuma amfani da kaddarorin

Species da irin hatsi a duniya a nuna wata babbar adadin. Kiwo aiki tare da wadannan m amfanin gona ne mai gudana. Daga cikin dukkan iri samu kulawa ta musamman kwanan nan ya cancanci triticale. Abin da shi ne da kuma abin da shi da ake amfani da amfanin gona, duk tattauna a daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin.

A bit da ka'idar

Janye alkama da hatsin rai matasan da cewa hadawa da abũbuwan amfãni daga biyu daga cikin wadannan amfanin gona, da masana halittu suka kokarin tun cikin karni na 19th. Duk da haka, da rashin alheri, ka yi shi na dogon lokaci ba tare da nasara. Dalilin shi ne mai sauqi qwarai. Gaskiyar ita ce, tsakanin chromosomes na alkama da kuma hatsin rai ne gaba daya ba a nan kayyade relatedness.

A farko matasan na iri biyu hatsi da aka samar ta hanyar al'ada mararraba quite lokaci mai tsawo - a 1875, duk da haka, samu al'ada ya bakarare. A karo na biyu tsara sakamakon matasan ne kawai cleaved ga iyaye jinsunan. Hakika, shi ya ba m girma.

luck masana kimiyya

Tare da ci gaban jinsi da kuma kiwo masana kimiyyar gudanar ya gane abin da ya kawo hatsin rai da kuma alkama m hybrids iya kawai ta wajen maimaita chromosomes a ƙarni na farko. A lokacin shiri na wadannan kimiyya data wannan irin hatsi, Oddly isa, riga ya wanzu. Ta aka bred da wani Bajamushe masanin kimiyya V. Rimpau a 1888. Maimaitawan wannan chromosomes a cikin matasan samu ta hanyar shi ya faru ne kwatsam.

Wannan shi ne na farko line na wani sabon al'adu da halaye na musamman a cikin m girma a gonaki na fiye da shekara ɗari. A ka'ida, shi ne ta cewa shi ne amsar wannan tambaya da triticale - abin da yake da shi? Wannan shi ne wani sabon abu da sunan ga wani sabon irin hatsi da aka ba zaba kwatsam. Haka ya faru a ranar farko da wani ɓangare na Latin sunayen na alkama (Triti) da kuma wani bangare na biyu - hatsin rai (Cale).

rarrabuwa

A halin yanzu, zabin aiki tare da triticale (a hoto na wannan al'ada za a iya gani a kan page) an gudanar a biyu main kwatance. Masana kimiyyar halitta suna inganta:

• ciyar da daraja.
• hatsi.

A farko irin triticale girma earing lokaci, sa'an nan mowed da kore feed da silage. A rarrabe wadannan iri ne tsayi.

Ana Share hatsi triticale jinsunan da za'ayi a cikin madara-kakin zuma ripeness. A sakamakon girbi aka aiko zuwa mafi girma har a kan kamfanonin da hannu a samar da abinci ga gona da dabbobi.

bigiren

Hakika, dabba husbandry ba kawai yankin na tattalin arziki, wanda aka yi amfani triticale. Mẽne ne mu samu ba. Wannan shi ne tushen sabon irin hatsi, wanda tambaya, ba shakka, yana yiwuwa domin samar da gari. Saboda haka, wani yanki na tattalin arziki, wanda aka yadu amfani triticale, shi ne masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci.

Sau da yawa sosai da wannan al'ada gari da ake amfani da, misali, kamar yadda wani ƙari burodi na alkama. Its amfani iya ƙara kashi na gina jiki abun ciki a karshe samfur. Har ila yau, triticale gari, halin da takamaiman Properties, sau da yawa yana amfani a cikin confectionery masana'antu. Saboda gaskiya cewa shi ne na kyakkyawan Alkama, samar daga shi ne da kyau muffins, da wuri da kuma pies.

Bayan da ya gama kayayyakin kyau kwarai da dandano da wani babban abun ciki na iya digestible sunadarai, triticale gari da kuma yana da wani muhimmin amfani. Bread, da wuri, pastries da sauransu. E., Gasa zuwa ga yin amfani na dogon lokaci ba taurare.

Quite yadu amfani hatsi na al'ada da kuma a cikin zamanin] aular masana'antu. Malt shirya barinta yana da babban enzymatic aiki. Tritikalevoe wort haka ya bambanta da ɗan duhu launi fiye da sha'ir, da kuma giya samu daga gare kasa karfi.

Features na namo

Duk da babbar dama da amfani Properties, masana'antu fitarwa na "alkama" triticale samu kawai kwanan nan. A karo na farko da irin wannan filin na hatsi da aka shuka ne kawai a shekarar 1970 a Canada, Amurka da kuma Hungary. A Tarayyar Soviet, triticale ya fara girma a 1976 (a cikin Ukraine).

Abin baƙin ciki, da aiwatar da gabatar da wannan amfanin gona a aikin gona da samar da har yanzu ne sosai m. Dalilai masana gani musamman a wasu matsaloli na namo wannan amfanin gona. Wannan Gaskiya ne, na forage triticale iri.

A silage wannan irin yanka a mataki na earing - cewa shi ne, a lokacin da shi ne har yanzu quite low. Lokacin da madara-kakin balaga da al'adu ya kasance wani sosai high kara, da kuma game da shi ya kwana. Kuma haka tattara da tsaba triticale ne da wuya sosai ga manoma. Aikin gona ma'aikata dole sami iskhitryatsya da kuma dasa kayan, ta amfani na musamman, a zahiri quite rikitarwa hanyoyin.

Hatsi irin wannan al'ada a matsayin karramawar ba tukuna karbi. A wannan yanayin, al'amarin ne da farko don conservatism da wani rabo daga jahilci a Rasha manoma. Farmers kawai ba su ji da marmarin girma triticale. Abin da shi ne suka, ba shakka, sun sani. Duk da haka, a duk inda suke da shi ne har yanzu yadu yi imani da cewa na biyu ƙarni aka raba cikin triticale iyayentaka siffofin. A gaskiya wannan amfanin gona filayen ne sosai na kowa hatsin rai da kuma alkama a wani m form.

Duk da haka, tsaga, ko ma tare da parental pereopylilis hatsi triticale iya ba da definition. Hatsin rai da kuma alkama a kan ta filayen girma kawai saboda da hadawa da dasa kayan a lokacin da tsaftacewa. Domin ya hana wannan daga faruwa, kawai Hada sosai tsabtace kafin dasa.

abũbuwan amfãni daga triticale

A darajar wannan sabon hatsi iri ta'allaka da farko a cikin gaskiya cewa shi hadawa da mafi kyau halaye na amfanin gona, irin alkama da hatsin rai. Triticale daga iyayenmu na farko tsari "ya dauki" daban-daban hatsi halaye, da kuma a kan na biyu - hunturu hardiness da kuma saukin tabbatarwa. A wannan amfanin gona da ake samu, godiya ga dama-flowered (kamar alkama) da kuma tillering (as a hatsin rai), shi ne mafifici ga duka iyayentaka siffofin.

Bugu da kari, wani amfani triticale sun hada da:

• mai kyau-raya tushen tsarin.
• da ikon kai-pollination.

Yana yana da wannan al'ada da kuma wani ban sha'awa alama. Yana za a iya girma a wuraren da fairly babban mataki na samu. Dalilin shi ne mai sauki. Gaskiyar cewa triticale wuya daukan daga ƙasa radionuclides.

amfani Properties

Don girma da wannan amfanin gona a cikin abinci da kuma masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci da shi ne bu mai kyau zuwa ga na farko na duk saboda ta high gina jiki abun ciki. By wannan nuna alama triticale hatsi alkama wuce 9.5%, da sha'ir, da kuma masara - 40%. Daga cikin abubuwan, mai gina jiki na wannan al'ada ne mai kyau qwarai amino acid abun da ke ciki.

Bayan ingancin gina jiki tritikalevaya gari qunshi amfani microelements kamar potassium, phosphorus, jan, manganese, da dai sauransu Har ila yau, shi ya hada da bitamin PP kungiyar B, E. Abincin Properties daga cikin gari da ke sa shi sosai dace samfurin ga tsofaffi, 'yan wasa da kuma dukan waɗanda suka yi amfani da su duba ta adadi.

Yin burodi wannan amfani samfurin za a iya amfani da su kawai a cikin masana'antu amma kuma a cikin gida. Mutane da yawa matan aure da lura da cewa da wuri, muffins, da wuri da kuma biscuits daga gari samu tritikalevoy yafi lush fiye da saba alkama. Hakika, za ka iya tanda, wannan Semi-ƙãre samfurin da na gida scones ko burodi. A rarrabe da wadannan kayayyakin ne mai dadi zaki da dandano na marmashi. Amma ɓawon burodi daga burodi na tritikalevoy gari ya jũya kadan m da kuma fashe. Saboda haka, duk yin burodi sweets mafi sau da yawa da samfurin da aka yi amfani da.

Amfani a cikin aikin noma

Fed hatsi triticale mafi yawa aladu da kuma kaji. Yana kafa gaskiya cewa sauyawa na 40% na al'ada feed qara nauyi riba, misali, aladu zuwa 18-30%. Tun da kunne triticale farawa quite marigayi, yana yiwuwa don toshe da "taga" tsakanin mowings hunturu hatsin rai da perennial ciyawa.

A abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan irin abinci, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, hada da cewa ya aka cinye ta gona da dabbobi da yawa fiye da hatsin rai da kuma alkama. Wannan bayani da farko high a hatsi da kore taro triticale abubuwa irin carotenoids kuma sugars.

Wani lokaci beveled a mataki earing triticale da kuma amfani da su ciyar da shanu. Yana da damar ya kara madara yawan amfanin ƙasa by 15-17%. An yi imani da cewa musamman darajar for abincin dabbobi suna tattara daga filayen, inda amfanin gona ya yi girma lokaci guda tare da vetch ko fyade. Wannan namo Hanyar damar samu da daidaita cikin sharuddan na gina jiki da abun ciki, bitamin da kuma gano abubuwa feed.

Triticale: iri girma a Rasha da Ukraine

Domin duk lokacin da na namo wannan sabon al'adu da aka janye da dama na ta high-samar da gwaggwabar riba iri. Don mafi kyau sun hada da:

• Adm 8 da kuma 11.
• Kiev zernokormovoe.
• Kiev wanda bai kai ba.
• Valentin 90.
• Tornadoes.
• Zenith Odessa.

Har ila yau, Popular hunturu triticale ne tsakiya-sa tsayi Papasuevskoe, a cikinsa wani babban jure masauki, kuma ragargaje. Nemo tsaba na rare irin triticale yau shi ne mafi sauki ta hanyar da yanar-gizo. Sun tsaya game 16-18 p. da kilogram.