Tsari da kuma aiki da tsoka mai amsa sigina haska tsarin. Babban ayyuka na cell rabe

The mutum juyayi tsarin aikin nagartaccen analytical da kuma roba matakai cewa samar da mai azumi karbuwa daga gabobin da kuma tsarin canje-canje a waje da kuma ciki yanayi. The ji na samuwar kasashe daga yanayi ne saboda da tsarin ciki har da matakai na afferent neurons, glial-dauke da Kwayoyin oligodendrocytes ko lemmotsity. Sun jũya zuwa waje ko ciki samuwar kasashe a bioelectric mamaki, da ake kira zumudi, ko jijiya turu. Irin Tsarin ake kira rabe. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika sifa da aiki na rabe na daban-daban adam azanci shine tsarin.

Nau'in na jijiya endings

A Anatomy, akwai da dama da tsarin na rarrabuwa. Mafi na kowa rabe kasu kashi sauki (kunshi daya neuron sprouting) da hadaddun (rukuni na karin neurocytes da glial Kwayoyin a cikin abun da ke ciki sosai na musamman azanci shine zuciya da sauransu). Bisa ga tsarin da azanci shine tafiyar matakai. suka kasu kashi Firamare karshen centripetal neurocyte. Wadannan sun hada da wani iri-iri rabe a cikin fata: da nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, baroreceptors, thermoreceptors da kuma na tsarin jijiya matakai cewa innervate kayan ciki. Secondary epithelial Kalam an samar da wani mataki m, a mayar da martani ga wani mai kara kuzari (dandano rabe, ji, balance). A sandunansu, kuma suka Cones na photosensitive Layer na ido - haske a jikin - a wani tsaka-tsaki matsayi tsakanin vtorichnochuvstvitelnymi na farko da jijiya endings.

Wani rarrabuwa tsarin dogara ne a kan wannan bambanci, a matsayin irin kara kuzari. Idan hangula zo daga yanayi, to, shi ana riskarsa exteroreceptors (kamar sauti, na wari). A ruri daga ciki yanayi dalilai bincikar interoreceptors: visceral, proprioceptors, vestibular gashi Kwayoyin. Saboda haka, haska tsarin tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki saboda su tsari da kuma wurin da wuri a cikin hankali gabobin.

A ra'ayi na analyzers

Domin bambance da kuma rarrabe tsakanin sharuddan na waje yanayi da kuma daidaita shi, a cikin mutane, akwai na musamman ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological Tsarin kira analyzer, ko haska tsarin. Rasha masanin kimiyya I. P. Pavlov samarwa da wadannan makirci ga su gine-gine. A farko sashen da aka kira na gefe (tsoka mai amsa sigina). Na biyu - wayoyi, da kuma na uku - da tsakiyar ko cortical.

Alal misali, na gani haska tsarin hada retinal azanci shine Kwayoyin - sandunansu, kuma suka Cones, biyu na gani jijiya da kuma bawo located a baya na ba.

Wasu analyzers, kamar riga da aka ambata na gani da auditory hada doretseptorny matakin - wasu daga ilimin Halittar Jiki Tsarin, inganta ji na isasshen samuwar kasashe. Domin wannan auditory m da kuma tsakiyar kunne, da na gani tsarin - hasken refracting rabo daga ido, ciki har da sclera, mai ruwa-ruwa dara na agara jam'iyya, ruwan tabarau, vitreous jiki. Za mu mayar da hankali a kan gefe ɓangare na analyzer da kuma amsa tambayoyi game da abin da aiki na rabe na da shi.

Kamar yadda Kwayoyin gane samuwar kasashe

Wadannan membranes (ko a cikin cytosol) ne na musamman kwayoyin sunadaran, kazalika da rikitarwa - glycoproteins. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar muhalli dalilai, wadannan abubuwa canza su sarari sanyi a matsayin alama ga tantanin halitta da kuma sojojin da shi don amsa daidai.

Wasu sunadarai kira ligands, zai iya shafar azanci shine matakai na cell, sakamakon shi da ciwon transmembrane ion igiyoyin. Sunadaran plasmalemma da ciwon receptive Properties, tare da carbohydrate kwayoyin (.. Watau rabe) aiki a matsayin annten - gane da kuma bambance ligands.

ionotropic tashoshi

Wani irin cell rabe - ionotropic tashoshi dake a cikin membrane, da ikon bude ko katange ƙarƙashin rinjayar sinadaran siginar vesschestv misali H-acetylcholine tsoka mai amsa sigina, vasopressin, kuma insulin rabe.

By kwayuka receptive Tsarin hada da kwafi dalilai, wanda daura da ligand, sa'an nan shiga cikin tsakiya. Mahadi daga gare kafa tare da DNA cewa bunkasa ko hana kwafi na daya ko fiye da kwayoyin halittu. Saboda haka, babban aiki na wayar rabe - da ji na yanayi sakonni da kuma tsari na roba musayar halayen.

Sandunansu, kuma suka Cones: sifa da aiki

Wadannan rabe akan tantanin ido amsa kiran gani samuwar kasashe - photons, wanda ya haddasa jijiya endings a cikin zumudi tsari. Sun ƙunshi musamman pigments: iodopsin (Cones) da kuma rhodopsin (sandunansu). Sandunansu fusata crepuscular haske da ba su iya rarrabe tsakanin launuka. Cones ne alhakin launi hangen nesa da kuma ya kasu kashi uku iri, kowanne daga abin da ya ƙunshi wani raba photopigment. Saboda haka, idanu tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki ya dogara da abin da irin haske-m sunadarai, shi ya hada. Coli sa gani ji a low haske da Cones ne alhakin gani acuity da kuma launi ji.

Fata - ma'ana Gabar

Jijiya endings na neurons kunshe a cikin dermis, sãɓã wa jũna a cikin sifa da amsa zuwa daban-daban samuwar kasashe na yanayi: zazzabi, matsa lamba, surface siffar. Ayyuka fata rabe - sami kuma canza samuwar kasashe zuwa na'urar hatsaisai (tuki tsari). Don matsin rabe hada Meissner ta corpuscles, located a tsakiyar Layer na fata - da dermis iya discriminating dabara samuwar kasashe (da low ƙwarai bakin kofa).

By da baroreceptors ne Pacinian corpuscles. Suna located a subcutaneous mai. tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki - nociceptor zafi - kariya a kan pathogenic samuwar kasashe. Bugu da ƙari, wannan jijiya endings na fata ana shirya a duk kayan ciki da samun nau'i na afferent sashe harbe. Thermoreceptors na iya zama duka a cikin fata da kuma kayan ciki - jini na tsakiya m tsarin. Suna classified a matsayin zafi da sanyi.

The aiki na wadannan azanci shine endings za a iya ƙara, dangane da shugabanci da kuma gudun da wanda zazzabi canje-canje na fata surface. Saboda haka, da ayyuka na fata rabe ne bambance bambancen da kuma dogara a kan su tsari.

Ginshikai na ji na auditory samuwar kasashe

Exteroreceptors - gashi Kwayoyin, wanda da babban ji na ƙwarai to isasshen samuwar kasashe - karar kadawar sauti. Suna da ake kira monomodal kuma suna vtorichnochuvstvitelnymi. Located a cikin sashen Corti na can cikin kunne, shigar a cikin cochlea.

A cikin na'urar da sashen Corti ne kama da garaya. Auditory rabe saka a cikin perilymph kuma suna da, a da iyakar da microvilli na kungiyar. m oscillations sa hangula gashi Kwayoyin, wucewa cikin bioelectric mamaki - jijiyar, watau ji tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki - .. ne ganewa na sakonni da ciwon nau'i na sauti tãguwar ruwa, kuma su canji a cikin zumudi tsari.

Contact dandano rabe

Kowannenmu yana da wani fifiko ga abinci da abubuwan sha. Daɗin ci sikelin abinci mu gane ta wajen sashen dandano - harshe. Ya ƙunshi hudu iri jijiya endings sarrafa kamar haka: tip na harshe - gustatory papillae rarrabe dadi, a ta tushen - da m, m da m da kuma rarrabe rabe sidewalls. Samuwar kasashe duk iri tsoka mai amsa sigina kwayoyin endings ne sunadarai microvilli gane dandano buds, eriya.

Ku ɗanɗani tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki - karanta sinadaran kara kuzari da kuma maida shi cikin wani lantarki bugun jini zuwa neurotransmission a dandano bawo. Ya kamata a lura da cewa nonna suna guda biyu tare da jijiya endings na olfactory analyzer, dake a cikin hanci mucosa. A hada da sakamako na biyu haska tsarin intensifies mouthfeel da wadãtar da mutum.

tatsuniya na wari

Kazalika da dandano, olfactory tsarin amsa ga su jijiya endings a kan kwayoyin na daban-daban sunadarai. The sosai inji ta wanda odorous mahadi hangula da olfactory kwan fitila, alhãli kuwa ba cikakken gane. Masana kimiyya theorize cewa sigina kwayoyin hulɗa tare da daban-daban wari azanci shine neurons na hanci mucosa. Wasu masu binciken sun nasaba ruri daga olfactory rabe cewa sigina kwayoyin da kowa aikin kungiyoyin (msl, aldehyde ko phenol) da abubuwa a cikin azanci shine neuron.

olfactory tsoka mai amsa sigina aiki ne a ji na hangula, kuma ta bambantawa a fassara a cikin zumudi tsari. Total olfactory kwararan fitila a cikin mucosa daga cikin hanci kogo kai miliyan 60 kowanne daga abin da aka bayar tare da manyan yawan cilia, don taimaka kara da sauran yankin na lamba tsakanin tsoka mai amsa sigina filin daga kwayoyin da sunadarai - kamshi.

A jijiya endings na vestibular na'ura

A can cikin kunne ne cikin jiki da alhakin daidaituwa da kuma daidaito na mota ayyukan, jiki don kula da jihar ma'auni, kazalika takara a fuskantarwa reflex. Yana yana da ra'ayoyi da semicircular canals kira labyrinth da anatomically da alaka da zuciya da sauransu Corti. The uku tashoshi ne kashi jijiya endings nutsa cikin endolymph. Lokacin da karkatar da kai, kuma jiki, shi fluctuates, wanda ya haddasa hangula daga cikin jijiya endings a iyakar.

Sami vestibular rabe - gashi Kwayoyin - a cikin lamba tare da membrane. Yana da aka hada da lafiya lu'ulu'u ne na alli carbonate - otolith. Tare da endolymph, suka kuma fara motsa, cewa shi ne wani irritant da jijiya tafiyar matakai. Babban ayyuka na semicircular canals na tsoka mai amsa sigina dogara a kan ta wuri: a cikin jaka ya amsa ga nauyi da kuma iko da ma'auni na shugaban da jiki a sauran. Azanci shine ƙulli located in ampoules ma'auni Gabar canji iko ƙungiyoyi daga sassan jiki (tsauri nauyi).

Da muhimmancin da tsoka mai amsa sigina a cikin samuwar na tsarin jijiya haihuwarka

Shin rukunan reflexes, jere daga nazarin da Descartes da kuma zuwa ga muhimman hakkokin binciken I. P. Pavlova da I. M. Sechenova, ta dogara ne a kan manufar na tsarin jijiya aiki a matsayin isasshen martani da kwayoyin zuwa daukan hotuna zuwa samuwar kasashe waje da ciki yanayi, da za'ayi tare da sa hannu na tsakiya m tsarin - kwakwalwa da kuma laka. Abin da amsar, kamar yadda mai sauki kamar yadda wani gwiwa-jerk, ko da wani roka kamar magana, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko tunani, shi ne na farko mahada liyafar - fahimta da kuma nuna bambanci na samuwar kasashe bisa ga ƙarfi, mawadãta, tsanani.

Irin bambance ne da za'ayi azanci shine tsarin da I. P. Pavlov kira "tentacles na kwakwalwa." Kowane analyzer tsoka mai amsa sigina ayyuka kamar yadda antennas cewa karba samuwar kasashe da kuma yake bincike na yanayi: haske ko sauti tãguwar ruwa, kwayoyin sunadarai, jiki da dalilai. Baya al'ada aiki ba tare da togiya azanci shine tsarin dogara a kan aikin na farko division, kira na gefe, ko tsoka mai amsa sigina. Daga shi fãra ba tare da togiya, da reflex baka (reflexes).

shiga tsakani da

Wannan ilimin aiki abu, yin transfer na zumudi daga daya neuron zuwa wani musamman Tsarin - synapses. Suna secreted da axon farko neurocyte da kuma riko a matsayin mai kara kuzari, haddasa jijiyar da tsoka mai amsa sigina karshen gaba jijiya cell. Saboda haka, tsarin da kuma aiki na neurotransmitters da rabe suna a hankali nasaba. Haka kuma, wasu neurocytes ne iya sakewa biyu ko fiye da riwayar, msl, glutamic da aspartic acid, adrenaline da Geba.