Tsarin da kuma aikin bincike na Talcott Parsons

Littafi ilimin halayyar ne halin da Gwamuwar daban-daban Concepts na zamantakewa da ilmi ba. Ci na sociological ideas a lokacin ne sosai akai na koyarwar al'umma. A gagarumin taimako ga wannan ci gaban ya sanya manufar - tsarin da kuma aikin bincike na Parsons, cewa mashawarta American masanin kimiyyar tsara a tsakiyar karni na karshe. Yau Talcott Parsons gane a duniyar kimiyya a matsayin daya daga cikin litattafansu nazarin zamantakewar al'umma. Ya halicci wani cikakken ra'ayi - aikin bincike, wanda shi ne mai zama dole methodological kayan aiki na sociological ilimi na zamani a duniya a duk da bambancin.

A tsakiyar wannan ra'ayi shi ne ra'ayi na tsanaki, shi ne hade da shi da dukan hadaddun ra'ayoyi da kuma al'amurran da suka shafi da cewa su ne a cikin yankin na gudanar da bincike a kan zamantakewa balance, rikici, yarjejeniya da juyin halitta na al'umma a matsayin wani tsarin.

Parsons farko rinjayar da aikin bincike a matsayin methodological hanya, binciko ka'idar Henderson, Pareto, inda babban wuri da aka bai wa al'amurran da suka shafi tattalin arziki da kuma da rawar a cikin juyin al'umma. Sa'an nan wannan batu da aka ci gaba da Schumpeter, wanda ya zo da bincike na da tattalin arzikin daga cikin ra'ayi na ta na tsari yanayi.

Rungumar da binciken na masana kimiyya, Parsons zo ga ƙarshe cewa tsarin da kanta ba zai iya ma'ana bayyana zamantakewa trends, don haka wajibi ne ya hada da tsanaki da bincike na da gyara da kuma nazarin zamantakewa ayyuka. Saboda haka da aka haife wani m msar tambayar ilimi - "tsarin aikin bincike." Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da universalism na fuskanci wajen nazarin alamu da yayi lura a wannan zamani rayuwar zamantakewa.

Gaba daya sabon a cikin wannan ka'idar ya gudanar da bincike da cyber al'amurran al'umma a matsayin "tsarin na al'adu m ma'ana." Cybernetic Hanyar sanya shi yiwuwa a magance mafi musamman da yau, iyalinsu kusan unexplored matsaloli na zaman lafiya da kuma entropy al'umma.

Tabbatar da gaskiyar magana Parsons aikin bincike sanya shi yiwu, da kuma wani sabon look a kan m sa'an nan matsalar na zamantakewa rikici. Gaskiyar cewa baza positivism kuma ta hanyar samar da daya-sidedness da musu a cikin fassarar da nau'i-nau'i daga kwanciyar hankali da rikici. Saboda haka, tambaya an tashe shi game da lafiya a cikin al'umma da hargitsi da oda a matsayin harshen al'amurran rayuwar zamantakewa. Duk da yake tasowa da ka'idar rikici Lyuis Kozer - American tattalin arziki da kuma sociologist, a gaskiya, Parsons kara da ra'ayin, jayayya da cewa kamfanin ba cinya daya daga cikin barga dukkan yiwu jihohi. Wannan ƙarshe ya zama da muhimmanci musamman a kuɓutar da mara laifin Trend na ci gaban tattalin arziki, wanda jurewa da wani tsari na cyclical ta sauya jihohin - crises lokaci alternated da lokaci na zumunta da tattalin arziki da kwanciyar hankali. Saboda haka, aikin bincike na tattalin arziki da kuma a yau tsaye a matsayin wani wajibi methodological dabara nazarin tattalin arziki matakai, musamman a fagen hadarin kima na m macroeconomic kintace da sauransu.

A ka'idar, Parsons 'analysis naúrar aikin wani takamaiman mataki na mutum, maimakon wani m al'umma a matsayin dukan. Wannan fundamentally sabon tsarin kula da sanya shi yiwuwa a bincika jama'a ba daga ra'ayi na mutum hali dabiu da aka sanya a cikin tunani, amma daga ra'ayi na shawara da mutum da hali a wani musamman halin da ake ciki. Kamar yadda Parsons - zamantakewa mataki ne sarrafa a cikin sarari da kuma lokaci hali, wanda shi ne saboda da aiwatar da yan-adam a cikin al'umma takamaiman ayyuka. A cikin mahallin da wadannan ayyuka za a iya tsallaka da dama Tsarin, zamantakewa shirye-shirye, dabi'u da al'adu da tsarin, kuma su duka, sunã da wani tasiri a kan mutum hali da kuma cika na zamantakewa ayyuka.

Wannan gaba daya asali m, wanda hada da aikin bincike, da kuma sabon methodological yayi aza harsashin ginin da kuma nan gaba na Turai ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Known mãsu mayẽwa Parsons ideas nan sun Maks Veber, Vilfredo Pareto, Robert Michels.

A general, ko Parsons 'ka'idar ƙunshi wasu abubuwa na abstraction da takalidai, shi ci gaba da zama Popular kuma kusan bukaci a cikin hikimar tantance nazarin zamani al'umma.