Tsautsayi uranium: description da kuma aikace-aikace

Kira tsautsayi uranium, wanda ya kunshi da farko na isotope U-238. An farko samar a 1940 a Amurka. Wannan abu ne mai ta-samfurin na halitta uranium a yi na makaman nukiliya da man fetur da kuma harsasai.

yaya ne

Yadda za a yi tsautsayi uranium? Domin na musamman kamfanonin ba matsala. A nukiliya reactors kuma yana amfani da halitta U-235. By enriching a uranium isotope rabuwa da nauyi. Babban ɓangare na U-235 da kuma U-234 yana cirewa daga kayan. A sakamakon haka ne da OS wanda radioactivity ba muni. Domin wannan nuna alama, shi ne na baya ko da uranium tama, wadda Soviet geologists da zarar ta haifa da jakarka ta baya.

Tsautsayi uranium: aikace-aikace

Du za a iya amfani da biyu ga m dalilai, kuma domin samar da harsasai. Rating su aikata shi da farko saboda ta high yawa (19.1 g / cm ^3). Very sau da yawa shi ne amfani da, misali, a matsayin counterweight a linzami da jiragen sama. Wani fannin a cikin abin da wannan abu ne yadu amfani, shi ne magani. A wannan yanayin, da op-amp ake amfani da yafi domin samar da radiation far na'urorin. Aiwatar da wannan abu da kuma matsayin radiation kariya, misali, a radiography kayan aiki.

A soja masana'antu uranium da aka fi amfani da ga yi na makamai faranti. Har ila yau, shi da ake amfani a yi na harsasai da kuma ko da makaman nukiliya warheads. A wannan karo na farko da aka yi amfani a matsayin sojojin Amurka. Amurka Engineers gane canza a yi daga wadannan tsakiya BTS tsada karfe tungsten. Batun shi ne cewa tsautsayi uranium zuwa na ƙarshe mai kama a yawa. Kamar wancan tsakiya sanya gare ta, kudin sau uku mai rahusa fiye da tungsten.

Features na yin amfani da tarin harsasai da cin abinci uranium

Daya amfani da OS kamar yadda ainihin harsasai shi ne cewa shi ne iya spontaneously ƙona a kan tasiri. A wannan yanayin kananan wani ɓaɓɓake daga haske a cikin iska da kuma ƙone combustible kayan cikin sulke abin hawa ko sa fashewa da harsasai.

Bugu da kari, tsautsayi uranium tarin harsasai da kai-wasa dukiya. Saboda haka, Game da harbi matsananci yanayi irin bawo iya daukar siffar spontaneously, kyale su su wuce, ta hanyar duk da matsalolin da kadan makamashi hasãra.

Wanne amfani da irin wannan tarin harsasai

Bawo da tsautsayi uranium amfani da sojojin Amurka a dama yaƙe-yaƙe. Su aka farko amfani a Iraki a shekarar 1991. A wannan lokacin, da US Army aka kashe kusan 14 dubu. Tank bawo cewa samfurin. A general, Amurka amfani a lokacin da oda na 300 ton na du.

A farkon 21st karni, NATO ta yi amfani da bawo na tsautsayi uranium a cikin yaki da {asar Yugoslavia. Sa'an nan kuma ya kai ga manyan kasashen duniya abin kunya. A jama'a koya cewa da yawa Sojojin sun kamu da ciwon daji.

Buƙatun game da cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar irin wannan makami da Amurka gwamnatin yi bayan da sojoji har yanzu a Iraq. Duk da haka, babu wani daga cikinsu sai aka ba su gamsu. Gwamnatin ake magana a kai da cewa kai tsaye shaida daga cikin cutarwa sakamakon du a kan jikin mutum ba a can.

A Janairu 2001 MDD Special Hukumar ya yi nazari 11 ayyuka, wanda ya sãme ammonium da irin wannan sanduna. A wannan yanayin, 8 daga cikinsu suka kamu. Haka kuma, a cewar wasu masana, da ruwa a Kosovo kasance cikakken m for amfani. Deactivation na binciken yankin iya kudin da dama dala biliyan.

A Iraq, irin wannan nazarin, da rashin alheri, ba a gudanar. Amma bayanai game da lokuta bayan harbe-harben da 'yan asalin wannan kasa ne kuma akwai. Alal misali, mutane 34 ne suka mutu kafin a fara rikici a birnin Basra daga ciwon daji, bayan da shi - 644.

makamai farantin

The OS ƙila za a yi amfani da, da kuma duk godiya ta zuwa ga high yawa ga masana'antu tank makamai. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne sanya wani tsaka-tsaki Layer tsakanin biyu karfe zanen gado. Makaman tsautsayi uranium amfani da, misali, a kan tankuna da M1A2 M1A1HA Abrams. A karshen da aka kyautata bayan 1998. Wannan dabara ta kunshi tsautsayi uranium bawo a gaban ƙwanso da turret.

Features. Zai yiwu da tasiri a jikin mutum

Duk da cewa dangane da radioactivity na tsautsayi uranium da aka har yanzu dauke ma m (watau. A., Daga cikin abubuwan, halin da dogon rabin-rai), alama da detrimental sakamako a kan jikin mutum, ya iya har yanzu samar da. MDD nazarin ce da shi mafi eloquently.

Me bayan harbe-harben irin bawo vozrstaet yawan ciwon daji marasa lafiya, mu sami fita Rasha masanin kimiyya Yablokov. Wannan bincike ya da farko bayyana a fili cewa shi zai iya ba radiation. A karshen ya ya iya koyon cewa bawo da tsautsayi uranium ne iya barin baya da ake kira yumbu SPRAY. Da zarar a cikin huhu na wani mutum, wannan abu da ke shiga cikin sauran tsokoki da kuma gabobin, sannu a hankali ya fara tara a cikin hanta da kuma kodan, wadda take kaiwa zuwa cin gaban ciwon daji.

A tsakiyar Janairu 2001, bayan dauke da fitar da bincike a Kosovo, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sakatariya a duk manufa an umurce gargadin da tsautsayi uranium ga jikin mutum. Duk da haka, da Pentagon har yanzu ci gaba da nace a kan aminci da abu, ambatawa data daga World Health Organization. Kuma, ba shakka, shi ya ci gaba da amfani da makami tushen.

Kamar yadda sakawa a iska mai guba na iya faruwa

Uranium ne ba a cikin yanayi a kowane lokaci. Ko da a cikin jikin mutum yana da wani adadin da shi (game da 90 g). Ga lamba tare da du tarin harsasai duk da zumunta aminci a wannan batun, wani mutum zai iya har yanzu sami kadan daukan hotuna. Wannan yakan auku a cikin wadannan lokuta:

• By kai tsaye lamba ko kusanci zuwa ga OS. Sakawa a iska mai guba na iya, misali, faruwa a lokacin aiki na stock harsasai a lokacin da gano su a cikin wannan na'ura, a lamba tare da tarkace, kafa bayan da fashewa, da sauransu. D. The core na tsautsayi uranium ne a cikin gidaje. Duk da haka, wani lokacin ƙarshe kirki za a iya keta. A wannan yanayin, hadarin daukan hotuna da aka ƙwarai karu.

• Lokacin da ingested da hadiya ko inhaling du barbashi.

• Kai tsaye ta hanyar da jini. Wannan yakan auku a raunuka a sakamakon lamba tare da bawo ko makamai sanya daga OS.

A WHO ta yanzu samar da jagorori a kan uranium. Mafi yawansu ba su iya amfani da su du. Saboda haka, canja kullum kashi na uranium fadowa cikin bakin da aka dauke su 0.6 MG da kilogram na jiki nauyi. M kudi na ionizing radiation ne 1 m3v a shekara ga talakawa 'yan ƙasa da kuma 20 m3v shekaru biyar ga waɗanda aiki a cikin radiation yanayi (a kan talakawan).

Juyin matsala

A yanzu lokaci a duniya ya tara babbar hannun jari na du. A wannan yanayin, da masana'antu da fasaha na ta da cikakken amfani ba a ɓullo da haka ya zuwa yanzu. Turai da kamfanoni a irin wannan yanayi ayan ta yi aiki a kan wani mai sauqi qwarai makirci. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, su kawai aika Ou a Rasha domin aiki. A halin yanzu, irin wannan aiki yana dauke su har ma fiye da tsada fiye da zubar da halin kaka na abu da kuma ta ajiya. A amfani ga kamfanoni a cikin wannan hali ya ta'allaka ne da cewa bayan doobogoscheniya Turai kõma kawai 10% na shigo da albarkatun kasa a Rasha. 90% zauna a cikin ƙasa na kasar mu.

Bisa ga dokokin, don ci gaba da Ou daga wasu kasashe zuwa Rasha ne ba zai yiwu ba. Don samun a kusa da shi, waje tsautsayi uranium kawai canjawa wuri zuwa tarayya ikon mallakar. Don kwanan wata, Rasha ya tara game da 800 da dubu. Ton na irin wannan sharar gida. A lokaci guda 125 da dubu. Ton aka kawo daga Turai.

Amurka OS daukarsa radioactive. A Rasha, da tsautsayi uranium aka bayyana a matsayin mai muhimmanci da makamashi raw kayan, daidai dace domin azumi reactors neurons.