Ultrasonic kauri: aiki da ka'idodin, umarnin, masana'antun, da sake dubawa

Ultrasonic kauri ji ne ba hallakaswa hanya domin kayyade da nisa daga cikin daya mai gefe abu. Shi ne azumi, abin dogara, m, kuma, da bambanci ga micrometer ko caliper, ba ya bukatar samun garesu daga cikin abu. A farko kasuwanci masu auna sigina, ta amfani da manufa na Sonar, ya bayyana a cikin marigayi 1940s. Kananan šaukuwa na'urori, gyara domin mai fadi da kewayon aikace-aikace, sun zama sananne a cikin 1970s. Kuma bidi'a a cikin microprocessor fasahar sun jagoranci zuwa wani sabon matakin na daidaici, sauki da kuma miniaturization.

Production na'urorin hannu a wani babban yawan sanannun kamfanoni. Daga cikin su - da Jamus kamfanin Siemens, American Dakota Ultrasonics, British Cygnus. A Rasha, da na'urorin samar da kamfanoni, irin su SPF "AKS" NPK "Beam", SPC "MaksProfit" da sauransu.

Abin da za a iya auna?

Kusan kowace al'ada yi abu za a iya auna yin amfani da duban dan tayi. Ultrasonic na'urori masu auna sigina za a iya kaga karafa, robobi, composites, gilashin, tukwane da gilashi. Har ila yau, zai yiwu ma'aunai na extruded robobi da kuma yi birgima a cikin masana'antu tsari - kamar yadda jinsin yadudduka ko coatings, kuma multilayer articles, taya da nazarin halittu samfurori. Wani aiki inda kawai dole ultrasonic kauri, - tabbatar da dalilin da tubali kauri da kuma Tsarin kankare, kwalta da kankara. Irin wannan ma'aunai ne kusan ko da yaushe ba hallakaswa da kuma bukatar wani sabon ko disassembly makaman.

Da kayayyakin da suke ba dace da al'ada ultrasonic ji saboda matalauta watsa daga high-mita tãguwar ruwa, hada itace, takarda, kankare da foamed kayayyakin.

Yadda za a auna?

Sound makamashi za a iya generated a kan wani m mita bakan. An audible sauti ne a cikin kewayon daga 20 zuwa 20 kHz. A mafi girma da mita, cikin mafi girma da ya gane sautin. A samar da makamashi na wata babbar mita fiye da mutum ji, da ake kira duban dan tayi. A mafi yawan lokuta, ultrasonic dubawa ne da za'ayi a cikin mita iyaka daga 500 kHz zuwa 20 MHz, ko da yake wasu na musamman kayan aikin kai 50 kHz ko 100 MHz. Ko da kuwa da mita, cikin Sonic makamashi ne inji vibrations mikawa a tsare matsakaici, kamar iska ko karfe, daidai da ka'idojin kimiyyar lissafi tãguwar ruwa.

Don ma'aunai amfani da ultrasonic bango kauri ma'auni. The aiki manufa da na'urar kunshi a ainihin lissafi na bugun jini sufuri lokaci na kananan bincike (transducer) ta hanyar da ji abu, nuna ta ciki surface ko distal bango. Tun sauti tãguwar ruwa gani kashe iyakoki tsakanin jũna kayan, wannan ji ne yawanci yi tare da daya hannun, a cikin "bugun jini / amsa kuwwa".

A transducer qunshi wani piezoelectric kashi wanda aka m da wani gajeren lantarki bugun jini don samar da mai hankali ultrasonic taguwar ruwa. Ana aika zuwa ga daukar kaya, da kuma ratsa shi, sai kun fuskanci mayar da bango ko wasu matsala. A nuna kalaman kõma, zuwa ga transducer wanda sabobin tuba da inji vibrations a cikin na'urar samar da makamashi. A gaskiya ma, ultrasonic kauri gauges saurare ga amo mara sa a daga m gefen. Yawanci, da tazarar lokaci tsakanin aika da nuna alama ne kawai 'yan millionths na biyu ne. The na'urar shigar da bayanai a kan sauti gudu a cikin kayan daga wanda shi zai iya sa'an nan lissafi da kauri ta yin amfani da wani sauki ilmin lissafi dangantaka: d = V t / 2, a cikinsa:

• d - da kauri daga cikin rabo.
• V - gudu daga sauti.
• t - auna lokaci na sauti nassi.

An muhimmanci siga

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa tafiyar sauti cikin abu a karkashin binciken ne wani muhimmanci na wannan lissafi. Daban-daban kayan aika da karar kadawar sauti daban. Matsayin mai mulkin, da daskararru sama da shi, kuma a cikin m - a kasa. Bugu da kari, shi zai iya bambanta da yawa tare da zazzabi. A lokaci guda dole ne ko da yaushe a calibrated ultrasonic kauri gauges domin gudun a cikin daukar kayan, daga wanda kai tsaye dogara a kan daidaito na karatu.

Sound taguwar ruwa a cikin MHz Range ta hanyar iska gwada bad, saboda haka don inganta sauti watsa tsakanin emitter da samfurin da aka sanya a drop na ruwa hada guda biyu. Yawanci, da couplant amfani da glycerol, propylene glycol, da ruwa, da man fetur da kuma gel. Sai kawai karamin adadin ruwa cika musamman na bakin ciki iska rata.

ji halaye

Masana'antun ultrasonic kauri aunawa tazarar lokaci da makamashi ta hanyar wucewa da gwajin misali a hanyoyi uku:

1. A tazara tsakanin zumudi bugun jini, wanda ya haifar da wani sauti kalaman da farko dawo amsa kuwwa debe a kananan biya diyya darajar, da biya diyya bata lokaci a cikin kayan aiki, da kuma na USB Converter.
2. A lokaci tazara tsakanin amo mara sa a koma daga samfurin surface da farko nuna amo mara sa.
3. A tazara tsakanin biyu a jere kasa amo mara sa.

Zabi yawanci nuna da irin transducer, da kuma takamaiman aikace-aikace da bukatun. A farko yanayin da aka yi amfani da tare da wani contact haska kuma bada shawarar ga mafi aikace-aikace. A na biyu da bata lokaci line ne ba, ko kuma a nutsa transducers amfani da concave, kuma convex saman a cikin rufaffiyar sarari, domin aunawa da wani dabba ba a kanta abu ko high zazzabi abubuwa.

The uku yanayin ma utilizes wani bata lokaci line ko nutsewa na'urori masu auna sigina kuma yawanci samar da high daidaito da kuma mafi kyau m ƙuduri kauri. Yawanci amfani da lokacin da ingancin ma'aunai na farko ko na biyu yanayin ne unsatisfactory. Duk da haka, da karshen yanayin ne kawai dace da kayan da cewa samar da tsabta mahara amo mara sa, kamar yadda mai mulkin, tare da low damping matsayin cewa na lafiya-grained karafa, gilashin, tukwane.

Biyu iri na'urorin

Ultrasonic kauri gauges yawanci kasu iri biyu: lalata da daidaici. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci aikace-aikace ne tabbatar da dalilin da nisa daga cikin saura karfe ganuwar bututu, kwanoni, tsarin da aka gyara da kuma matsa lamba kayayyakin da suke magana a ciki lalata da kuma bazai iya gani daga waje. Kauri ma'auni, ultrasonic lalata da aka tsara don wannan manufa. Su yi amfani da siginar aiki dabaru cewa an gyara domin ganewa na kadan saura bango nisa a m da rusted samfurori da musamman biyu-kashi masu auna sigina.

A wasu lokuta, shi ya bada shawarar amfani da daidaici kida tare da guda converters - domin karafa, robobi, fiberglass, composites, roba da kuma tukwane. By wani jam'i na na'urori masu auna sigina na daban-daban daidaici na'urorin, wanda zai iya auna da wani daidaito na ± 0.025 mm ko mafi girma, wanda shi ne mafi girma fiye da na lalata bincike.

Standard ultrasonic kauri gauges suna classified da manufa, mataki na aiki da kai, kariya daga daukan hotuna da yanayi, da juriya ga inji danniya, da kuma kayyade su main fihirisa.

iri converters

• Contact transducers ake amfani a tsaye lamba tare da gwajin samfurin. Ma'aunai da su sauki, don haka suna amfani da mafi sau da yawa.
• Converters jinkirta line sun dauki roba, epoxy ko ma'adini Silinda matsayin tsakiya tsakanin aiki rabi da gwajin abu. Babban dalilin da amfani - Ji na bakin ciki abubuwa, inda shi da muhimmanci a ware da zumudi hatsaisai daga kasa amsa kuwwa. Da bata lokaci line iya zama a matsayin zafi insulator, kare da zazzabi m injimin gano illa kashi daga kai tsaye lamba tare da zafi kayan. Har ila yau, ana iya kafa, inganta riko a kaifi concave ko convex saman.
• Submersible transducers domin samar da makamashi Ft Irfan ga ma'auni kashi amfani da wani ruwa mai wanka ko shafi. Suna amfani for ji motsi abubuwa, domin scanning ko ingantawa hada guda biyu a gaban kaifi radii, GROOVES ko tashoshi.
• Converters da biyu abubuwa aka yi amfani a lalatattu shirinomerah for kayyade nisa na abubuwa da m, da corroded surface. Ya kunshi raba watsarwa da kuma samun kashi shigar a wani kadan kwana da bata lokaci line mayar da hankali da makamashi a zaba nesa kasa tabbata daga cikin auna samfurin. Ko da yake irin wannan ma'aunai ba a matsayin cikakken matsayin sauran iri masu auna sigina, da suka saba samar da yafi hakan cika.

Ultrasonic kauri Ma'auni: umurci

Don shirya domin ji transducer dole a haɗa zuwa na'urar, juya shi a kan, kafa gudun sauti da kuma calibrate. Don yin wannan, tambaya kadan daga cikin lamba abu a kan k misali, haɗa da Na'urar haska kuma taimaka k yanayin. Wannan hanya dole ne ko da yaushe a yi, bayan ya maye gurbin inverter ko baturi. Bambance-bambancen karatu na san k kauri da kuma gudun sauti.

Don ma'aunai dole ne a yi amfani da surface daga cikin abu da kuma yin lamba wakili haska. A sakamakon haka ne a nuna a kan nuni. Zai yiwu a yi amfani da na'urar a cikin scan yanayin, misali, don bincika mafi karami kauri daga cikin abu. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu a daidaita ƙararrawa don gane wurare tare da wani bango size of kasa da sa darajar.

Domin aunawa da gudun sauti da za a auna abu caliper ko micrometer, hašawa Converter kuma jira sakamakon. By kafa da pre-auna darajar, latsa maballin ajiye bayanai a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Wasu na'urorin ba da damar canja wurin bayanai zuwa PC.

Ultrasonic kauri: reviews

Masu amfani gaskiya ma tantance m size, sauƙi na amfani, AMINCI, sauƙi na k na zamani na'urorin. Masana sun lura babu zabi da na'urorin na irin wannan a lokacin da kimantawa da yanayin motoci, da ingancin yi na bodywork. The na'urar sa ya yiwu don sanin ko abin hawa ne zuwa repaint da kuma ko yana da hannu a wani hatsari. Kauri, domin da babu buƙata couplant, kazalika da m da wani sashe kai-k, ne mafi m.

Abu da kuma zangon

Ultrasonic kauri, da manufa da abin da aka zaba a dangane da abun da ke ciki, aunawa range, lissafi, zazzabi, daidaito da bukatun da sauran yiwu yanayi, wani lokacin kawai ba makawa.

abu irin da irin nisan da ma'aunai ne da muhimman abubuwan a zabin na'urar da inverter. Mutane da yawa abubuwa, ciki har da mafi karafa, tukwane da kuma gilashin, wani duban dan tayi aka yi sosai yadda ya kamata da kuma ba da damar for ma'aunai a cikin wani m kewayon. Mai robobi zai sha da makamashi da kuma saboda haka suna da wata iyaka iyakar kauri kewayon, amma a mafi yawan aikin yanayi ji ba sa matsaloli. Roba, fiberglass da yawa kumshin kayan sha da yawa karfi da kuma bukatar karin riwayar da masu karba da cewa ana gyara domin aiki a low mitoci.

Kauri kayyade irin na Converter. Thin abubuwa ake auna a high mitoci, kuma m, ko damping - low. Domin bakin ciki sosai kayayyakin amfani da bata lokaci line, dã sun, kazalika da submersible transducers aka iyakance in kauri ma'aunai saboda tsangwama daga mahara amsa kuwwa. A cikin hali na fadi abubuwa ko abubuwa kunsha da dama kayan iya bukatar daban-daban na masu auna sigina.

A curvature na surface

Tare da karuwa a yadda ya dace da curvature na lamba surface tsakanin transducer da abu da za a auna an rage, duk da haka tare da ragewa radius daga curvature dole ne a rage haska ƙuduri. The ji na sosai kananan radii iya bukatar yin amfani da bata lokaci Lines ko contactless submersible transducers. Su kuma za a iya amfani da ma'aunai a GROOVES, cavities da kuma sauran wuraren da dama mai iyaka.

da zazzabi

Contact transducers ne kullum zartar da abu a zazzabi na 50 ° C. More zafi kayan zai iya lalata haska saboda da sakamakon thermal bazuwa. A irin haka ne, ya kamata ka ko da yaushe yi amfani da inverters tare da bata lokaci ba line, wani zafi-resistant, high zafin jiki ko nutsewa haska tare da biyu abubuwa.

A wasu lokuta, tare da low Ft Irfan impedance abu (yawa ta tara da gudu daga sauti) yana da alaka da wani abu da wani babban Ft Irfan impedance. Hankula misalai - da roba, roba da kuma gilashin shafi na karfe ko wasu karafa, da gilashi kuma polymeric shafi. A wannan yanayin da amsa kuwwa daga iyaka tsakanin biyu kayan za fazoinvertirovannym - inverted tare da girmamawa ga amsa kuwwa daga iyaka da iska. Wannan za a iya gyara ta hanyar kawai canza saituna na na'ura, amma idan babu abin da aka yi, sai da karatu zai kasance m.

kuskure

The ji daidaito aka shafi al'amurra da dama, ciki har da tabbaci na ultrasonic kauri gauges da su k, gudu uniformity a cikin abu, attenuation da kuma watsi da sauti, surface roughness da surface curvature, matalauta sadarwar da kasa parallelism. Daidaito ne mafi kyau samu ta amfani da matsayin da aka sani size. Tare da ta dace k kuskure ultrasonic kauri daga ± 0,01 mm kuma ko da ± 0.001 mm. bata lokaci line ko nutsewa transducers a cikin na uku yanayin ma inganta ji daidaito.