Volgodonsky tashar: da tashar halaye da kuma bayanin

Volgodonsk Ship Canal haɗu da Don da Volga a wurin da suka zo tare kamar yadda ya kamata tare da juna. An located kusa da birnin Volgograd. Volga-Don Canal, photo, kuma description za ka ga a wannan labarin ne wani ɓangare na wani zurfin-ruwa kai tsarin aiki a Turai na kasar mu.

A farko ƙoƙari to connect biyu koguna

Back a tsakiyar 16th karni, shi ne na farko da yunkurin shiga Don da Volga River a batu na kusa m. A 1569, Selim II na, da Turkish sultan, wanda ya zama sananne ga Maris a kan Astrakhan, umurce su da su aika da sojoji 22,000 har da Don. Sun yi tono mai canal cudanya da biyu koguna. Amma wata daya daga bisani da Turks da koma baya. Bisa ga chroniclers, sun bayyana cewa, ko da duk mutanen nan ba su yi wani abu domin shekaru 100. Duk da haka, burbushi na yunkurin connect da biyu koguna sun tsira. Wannan shi ne mai zurfi tsanya, da ake kira da Baturke shaft.

Kokarin Bitrus I

130 shekaru daga baya, wani biyu ƙoƙari gina Volga-Don Canal gudanar Peter I. Duk da haka, shi ya kasance m. By karshen 1701 da yi aka partially kammala, kuma da dama mashigar aka cikakken gina. Duk da haka, a tsakiyar aikin da tsari da aka bayar domin lalata da tashar, tun da yaki da Sweden. Af, wannan aikin, kuma, bari ya alama - Petrov shaft, wanda aka located kusa da eponymous gari.

Gina wani canal tsakanin Volga da Don aka koma zuwa wani wurin daban - a yankin na Ivan Lake. Gina a nan Ivanovskii tashar da alaka da kogin Don kogin Tsna (inflow Oka) ta hanyar Ivan Sat lake da kogin gudana daga. A cewar shi, 5 shekaru bayan da farkon yi dauki game da 300 jiragen ruwa. Duk da haka, wannan tsarin tabbatar da low ruwa.

Major ayyukan

Fiye da 30 ayyuka na Don dangane da Volga an halitta har 1917. Mafi yawansu ya kasu kashi da wadannan uku kungiyoyin:

• kudu, shaci fili kai tsaye Azov da Caspian Sea ko bãkunansu Don kuma Volga.
• matsakaita, wanda a hade tashar yi ayyukan a wurin mafi kusa m na Volga da kuma Don;
• arewaci, wanda ya hada da ayyukan sadarwa Don gandu aikin gandu Oka.

Hydrologists masana yi imani da cewa arewacin ayyukan ba zai iya zama ban sha'awa, tun samarwa ci daga m koguna, wanda ba su dace da wasa a kan su na zamani jiragen ruwa. Na dã ba su kasance m da kuma kudancin ayyukan kamar tashoshi hanya a wannan yanayin zai iya ma mĩƙe ta, saboda abin da ya juya a kira su sosai high yi ta halin kaka. Injiniyoyin gane cewa mafi m ayyukan ne a tsakiyar kungiyar.

Duk da haka, babu wani daga cikinsu ba materialize har cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th. Abubuwa biyu da ya hana wannan. Da fari dai, a Railways aka gudanar da mutum masu wanda tsayayya. Na biyu, ko da a cikin hali na tashar yi jirgin ruwa da zirga-zirga da za a iya za'ayi kawai a cikin bazara, kamar yadda kadai cikakken-gudãna koguna sun. A wani cikakken kewayawa ba tare da m maimaitawa iya yin magana ba. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da babban taimako sanya Puzyrevsky Nestor Platonovich Rasha na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa injiniya a cikin nazari tsakanin Don kuma Volga. Ya zaɓi wani hanya da cewa zai shige domin nan gaba na tashar.

A cikin wannan shirin na wutar lantarki, a 1920, gwamnatin sake koma ga batun na yi na canal. Zayyana shi, duk da haka, an kafa ne kawai a cikin tsakiyar 1930s. The Great Patriotic War hana ta aiwatar.

Tallafi na da daftarin

A 1943, bayan yakin Stalingrad aikin koma. Ya kai su Zhuk Sergey Yakovlevich, wani gogaggen na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa m da kuma gini. A karkashin ya jagoranci, mun riga an tsara da kuma gina Moscow-Volga Canal da kuma fadar White Sea-Baltic. Volgodonsk hadaddun makirci da aka amince a watan Fabrairu 1948 a wani taro da majalisar ministocin na Tarayyar Soviet. Bayan da muka fara yi ƙasa ayyukansu.

Suka gina Canal

Lura cewa yi na Volga-Don canal tsunduma a cikin abin da ake kira makiyan mutane, cewa akwai fursunonin siyasa wanda aka kaso na sashe 58 na Criminal Code a karfi a lokacin. Tã jiki aiki, wanda aka tilasta gudanar da fursunoni, suka kidaya a matsayin ranar biyu ko uku hidima ya jumla. Duk da haka, a lokacin da sokin sanyi na hunturu da kuma sweltering rani zafi mutuwar mutane da suka rayu a tabo bukkoki da Adobe bukkoki, ya manya-manyan. Zhuka Sergeya Yakovlevicha, wanda ya jagoranci yi na canal, masana tarihi Hoover Institution ne idan aka kwatanta Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi shugaban suka yi amfani da aiki bawa.

A lokaci na yi da used kayan aiki

Just 4.5 shekaru da aka gina Volga-Don Canal. Wannan shi ne na musamman lokacin a tarihin duniya na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa aikin injiniya. Alal misali, Panama Canal, wanda shi ne tsayin 81 km, gina 34 shekaru da wannan adadin aiki. 164-kilometer Suez Canal da aka gina shekaru 11.

Lokacin da ginin da aka aza 3 Mio m ³ na kankare da dage farawa daga a kusa da miliyan 150 square mita ƙasar ^3. A 8000 ya halarci kayan: earthworks kayan, Multi-guga, da kuma tafiya excavators, juji manyan motoci, dozers, scrapers iko.

Da bude daga cikin tashar, ta tsawon da zurfin

Harkokin waje na injiniyoyi sun m zuwa ga wannan babban aikin. Su annabta cewa spillway ba zai iya yin tsayayya da ruwa matsa lamba kuma za a yi wani babban mutum da aka yi bala'i. Amma da irin ƙwaro ya tabbata cewa duk ke da kyau. Shi da kansa jagoranci kwanciya na kankare, su hana sata da kuma kara aiki.

31 May 1952, a 13:55 ruwa Don kuma Volga garwaya tsakanin farko da na biyu mashigar. Tun Yuni 1, kotun ya riga ya fara don motsawa ta cikin tashar. 27 Yuli, 1952 gina aka bai wa sunan Lenin, VI

Volgodonsky tashar tsawon kilomita 101. Daga cikin wadannan kududdufai gudanar 45 km. da tashar zurfin ba kasa da 3.5 m.

Wuraren da kuma mashigar Volga-Don Canal

Tasoshin ga nassi hanya daga Volga Don 13 dole wuce mashigar (na farko, ya nuna hoton sama), wanda ya kasu kashi Don kuma Itil sluice tsani. karshe tsawo ne 88 m. Ya kunshi 9 guda-guda thread-jam'iyya kwa'di. Height da matãkalai Don sluice ne 44 m. Ya kunshi hudu kulle na wannan zane.

Volga-Don Canal haɗu da Don kusa da garin Kalach-on-Don tare da Volga a Volgograd. Ya kunshi Karpovskiy, Bereslavskii da Varvarovsky tafki. A dukkan tafiyan game da daukan 10-12 hours. Ruwa ya fito daga Tsimlyanskii tafki ciyarwa Volgodonsky tashar tun Don ta'allaka a 44 mita sama da Volga. Saboda a tsarin kunshi uku famfo tashoshin (Varvarovsky, Marinovsky da Karpovsky), ruwa da aka kawota ga raba sa'an nan nauyi ciyar da zuwa Volga Don kuma gangara. A farko da goma sha uku mashigar da nasara arches. Ma'aikata bauta wa tashar, rayuwa a cikin ƙauyuka kafa tare da hanya.

tashar darajar

Volgodonsk navigable tashar sunan VI Lenin sa tare da wadannan 5 tekuna: da Caspian, Black, Azov, White Sea da Baltic. Ya ciri hanyar da Dnieper, da Don, da Arewa maso Yamma da kuma Volga daruna. A hanyar da tashar gudanar tare da m matakan. Ya kawo danshi filayen Rostov kuma Volgograd yankuna.

babban jan hankali

Yawon bude ido ne sosai m Volga-Don Canal. Volgograd yau yana da wuya su yi tunanin ba tare da wannan makaman. Kowane bako na gari da aka aikata wa sha'awan su. Popular ba kawai a kama kifi a kan Volgodonsk tashar, akwai gaske ne da wani abu ga.

Samun Traffic a kan tashar ɗauke da Sarepta backwater Kogin Volga, wanda aka kiyaye shi daga igiyoyin da kuma kankara gantali daga kwarin kogin Sarpa. Tu Volgograd ne na farko uku ƙofa.

Sarpa a tsibirin (a ƙofar da tashar) a 1953, aka shigar da hasumiya mai fitila, wanda tsayinsa ne 26 mita. A ganuwar ta an jẽfa-baƙin ƙarfe Rostra, suka dace da hanci da wani ɓangare na daban-daban tsoho jiragen ruwa. Marubucin na aikin ne m R. Yakubov

Idan ka yi tafiya tare da yawo daga farko ƙofa, shi zai gani Lenin Kabarin (hoton sama). IV - a lokacin da tashar bude wani abin tunawa da aka gina Stalin, wanda shi ne a kan wani babban pedestal. Wannan abin tunawa da aka gina a cikin guntu yiwu lokaci. Native jan ya tafi a kan Fitar adadi na kasa shugaba. Monument (photo shi ne nuna a kasa) da aka a wuri shekaru da dama, tanã fita zuwa 40 mita sama da matakin na Volga. Duk da haka, a sakamakon da de-Stalinization tsari, wanda aka kaddamar a 1961 a XX Congress, wannan abin tunawa aka cire. Daga shi akwai kawai a kankare pedestal, wanda ke shiga monolithic tari tushe embankment.

An yanke shawarar kafa wani sabon abin tunawa a kan wani pedestal, riga VI Lenin. An yi karfafa kankare. A sassaka ne 27 m, da kuma pedestal -. 30 m Architect Delin VA kuma sculptor EV Vucetich ne mawallafa na tunawa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa abin tunawa ga Lenin shiga "Guinness Littafi na Records." Shi ne mafi girma abin tunawa a duniya, kafa a cikin girmamawa ga real rai mutumin.

Volgodonsk tashar yau

Ta hanyar hydroelectric shekaru 60 ne fiye da 19 000 tasoshin a shekara. A halin yanzu, akwai wata tambaya game da gina wani layin na Volga-Don canal, ta hanyar abin da mutum zai iya gina up kayansa gudana. Zai yiwu ta yi zai faru a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ko da yake saboda rikicin, wannan tambaya alama da za a dage a wani lõkaci. Duk da haka, da shugaban kasar na shirin fadada Volga-Don Canal ta gina wani thread na abin da ya ce a cikin shekara ta 2007. A yi na biyu reshe ana sa ran ninki biyu na bandwidth - har zuwa 30-35 ton miliyan na kaya a kowace shekara. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu mukaddashin thread Volgodon kawai rabin ɗora Kwatancen.