Wannan Rasha sayar da kasashen waje, fãce ga albarkatun kasa?

A ma'auni na biya na kowace ƙasa ne tabbatacce kuma korau, kuma a wannan yanayin da alama characterizes shigo dogara kai tsaye. Idan kafin cinikayya balance da halin kaka, sa'an nan kuma duk da yake faruwa girma, kuma idan korau, to, akwai shigo dogara da wuce kima amfani da kudin kasashen waje. Don warware matsalar iya zama a cikin hanyoyi biyu, ko rage waje samuwa, ko don kara tallace-tallace na da nasu kayan kasashen waje. Rasha ya yi aiki ga inganta ta balance sheet, amma wasu yanayi a halin yanzu dagula ci gaban wannan Trend, kuma dole mu yanke shawarwari masu muhimmanci ga canza tsarin da fitarwa. Duk da haka, wannan ba ko da yaushe bad, kuma a wasu lokuta ma da kyau, saboda shi na taimaka wa sauran ci gaban tattalin arziki. Saboda haka abin da Rasha yanzu sayar da kasashen waje?

tsarin

Rasha sayar da kasashen waje kayayyakin a mai fadi da kewayon, amma ba kayayyaki abubuwa sun kasance a 2015, kawai kwata na jimlar fitarwa a darajar sharuddan.

A na biyu wuri a cikin muhimmancin ne metallurgy, bi da sinadaran da abinci masana'antu. A rabo daga cikin gudunmawar da sauran sassa na kowa asusu "na kasashen waje musayar albashi iya bambanta daga wata zuwa wata, amma yanzu su ne kananan segments, sabili da haka suna da manyan hanyoyin samun ci gaba. A mafi alamar rahama ne lantarki a masana'antu da kuma kara ci gaba da na Sphere na software ci gaba.

hydrocarbons

Babu wani abu abin mamaki a gaskiyar cewa Saide daga sayar da man fetur da kuma iskar gas a 'yan shekarun sun ragu, wannan shi ne waje cinikayya halin da ake ciki ya ci gaba a kan bango na duniya rikicin.

Prices aka fadowa na dogon lokaci, yanzu sun tashi zuwa $ 40 a ganga, amma duk da wannan, shi wajibi ne ya zama jijjiga da kuma ba wa rakumi shapkozakidatelskih moods. Da fari dai, abubuwan da za su iya canza ga muni, kuma abu na biyu da proverbial "allura" ya dade matsala da cewa dole ne a jawabi. Tare da wani janar da karuwa a fitarwa hydrocarbon fitarwa, kudaden shiga da suka zo da wata uku kasa da a baya lokacin, kawai $ 343 biliyan. Dollars. Aƙalla guda halin da ake ciki da kuma sarrafa kayayyakin, watau man fetur, dizal, da dai sauransu harkokin wajen musayar albashi daga gare su sun auku ta 42%, amounting a cikakkar sharuddan, $ 67,4 biliyan. At hudu kashi karuwa a cikin jiki saki. A sakamakon haka, da rabo daga raw fitarwa kudi ya ragu zuwa 46% a cikin sauran tsarin.

Ferrous da kuma wadanda ba ferrous karfe

Non-kayayyaki fitarwa kuma fadi, da kuma muhimmanci, to 96 biliyan $ 187 biliyan. Yana qunshi kudin receipts na daban-daban da masana'antu, da kuma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da aka dauke su karafa. Ta a 2015 samu fiye da $ 24 miliyan dubu. Dollars daga waje kaya domin ta kayayyakin, wanda, ba shakka, bad, amma ya fi muni fiye da a baya lokacin. Duniya farashin ya ragu a kan nickel da qarfe, a cikinsa fiye da 30%, amma da asarar daga wannan zai iya rama domin karuwa a jiki kundin zuwa 5,34 Mill. M. Wannan nickel sayar kasashen waje 5% kasa. Strong bukatar ci gaba da yin amfani da wutar lantarki, da jan high tsarki, da aiwatar da zai kara da 17% idan aka kwatanta da shekara ta 2014 da kuma samun $ 3.1 biliyan. Kudaden shiga (up 60%). Aluminum ne ma mai kyau ra'ayin, ta tallace-tallace kai 3.1 biliyan. M (da 22%). Bunkasa gasa na farashin taimaka ragewar darajar kuɗi.

Gold da taki

A rawaya karfe ne yanzu mafi Rasha sayayya fiye da sayar, da karin cewa farashin for shi yanzu an rage, duk da haka, da kuma fitar da kaya ma ya faru, domin a total na rabin dala biliyan. Da mai saye a wadannan ma'amaloli Switzerland umurni ne sau da yawa, amma bankuna suna yanzu rage ƙarar na samar da ingots. Amma yarda da kera na ma'adinai da takin mai magani, da bukatar da wanda yake shi ne ƙwarai da kwanciyar hankali. Domin samar da sinadaran masana'antu, shi wajibi ne ga manoma a duk faɗin duniya, gudanar samun 8.9 biliyan. Dollars

shũka

A fili, a cikin wannan yanki Rasha za ta dauki wani abu matsayi karo na farko a fiye da karni, kuma ko da cimma Amurka, kuma wannan duk da cewa wasu gwamnatin ayyuka ba da taimako ga wannan nasara, amma maimakon ya hana. A gabatarwar a watan Fabrairu na shekarar bara, fici ba ko da a yarda a yi amfani da sakamakon ragewan daga cikin ruble, kuma duk da karin kudin shiga da manoma suka biya kudade. Lokacin da tallace-tallace drop da 27% a cikin cinikin da Misira, Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan da kuma Afirka ta Kudu da kuma wani janar dakushe yawa, a 2015, a cikin wannan shekara ta 2016, ya kamata mu sa ran gagarumin ci gaba (The Wall Street Journal da US Department of Agriculture).

Kwamfuta da aka gyara da kuma shirye-shirye

Fiye da 1.1 dala biliyan na kasashen waje musayar albashi samu a 2015 da Rasha masana'antun na kwakwalwan kwamfuta da sarrafawa. Yana alama sosai m labarai, kusan abin mamaki, gaba daya tunkuɗe duk hõre ra'ayin game da kasar fasaha ci baya. Wani mai ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da babban saye da aka samu a Jamus, inda ta dauki 98% na ta samar, amma shi ma ya samu Malaysia, India da kuma China, wato, ƙasar da kanta ne dauke da manyan masana'antun na lantarki. Bit sarrafawa ciyar a Algeria. Wadannan "sassa kwakwalwa" nuna wata karuwa da kashi 70%, musamman a Jamus, sun sayar da $ 469 miliyan. Fiye a 2014. Madubin an sanya ta "T-dandamali", wanda a kan wannan lokaci har ya buge kashe da takunkumi jerin (Janairu 2014) Kamar yadda manazarta, Jihar kamata ba a tsoma baki tare da bunkasa tattalin arziki, amma har yanzu ba daga wurin da za su goyi bayan kamfanonin ne game da abin da shi ne yana kokarin muhimmanci wurare na tattalin arziki a wasu kasashe. Software developers sanã'anta a 2015 miliyan bakwai.

makamai

Rasha ya zama m biyu wuri a duniya a cikin fitarwa na tsaro kayayyakin. Babban abokan a 2015 sun India da kuma Misira, da kuma fi sauri girma isarwa zuwa Vietnam, Iraki da kuma Peru suka sayi warships (ciki har da submarines), radar tashoshin, iska tsaro tsarin, jirgin sama da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu. Duk wadannan kayayyakin ne halin high kara da darajar da tabbacin zama dole goyon baya da kuma ƙari na kaya kayayyakin kazalika da horo na ma'aikata, wanda kuma sa wani riba da kuma kasashen waje musayar albashi. Kayayyakin zuwa Algeria karu da $ biliyan 2, Vietnam -. Don $ 1.7 biliyan, Bangladesh -. Don $ 866 da miliyan, Kuwait -. Don $ 406 da miliyan (ninefold!) .. Bukaci buga da kai jirage masu saukar ungulu, hari da jirgin sama, makami mai linzami tsarin, mahara roka launchers da iska tsaro, kazalika da sauran zamani Rasha soja kayan aiki. Musamman samun saurin bunkasuwar soja hadin gwiwa tare da kasar Indiya a cikin wannan harka kwangila ba iyakance ga sayarwa da kuma co-samar da yawa tare da wasu samfurori.

Automotive masana'antu

} Ididdigar dispassionately rubuta dakushe fitarwa na motocin fasinja a shekarar 2015 zuwa 25%. Babban mai shiga da kaya na Vaz yanzu dauke Kazakhstan. The Ukrainian kasuwa ne kusan rufe saboda dalilai guda biyu, ciki har da Kaddamar da takunkumi da kuma musamman low solvency na tsakiyar aji (wanda ake armashi da kuma "Lada") a cikin wannan kasar. Bugu da ƙari, motoci daga Togliatti saya Sin (7%), Turkey (3%), Germany (4%) da kuma Belarus (20%). A kan tallace-tallace karu rinjayi ragewar darajar kuɗi na tenge, amma akwai wani boye da kuma shigo da, wanda la'akari da wuya sosai. Lokacin 40-protsentrnom tallace-tallace fall a Kazakhstan, da yawa 'yan asalin wannan kasa saya motoci a Rasha, da kuma distilled nasu. A general, da "AvtoVAZ" sayar a cikin CIS a 2015 motoci a 58% kasa da a 2014. Duk da haka, manyan motoci "Ural" zo gaskiya a cikin wannan kasuwa, ko da wani 15% karuwa a total adadin 2.3 dubu. Guda.