Welfare aiki - menene wannan? Muhimmai daga Correctional

Makarantan nasare Correctional taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban yara da tsanani shafi tunanin mutum kiwon lafiya matsaloli.

matakai na raya kasa

Nazarin a filin wasa na horo da kuma ilimi na makarantan nasare yara da m ilimi nakasa, zai yiwu a rarrabe uku lokaci:

1. Development of correctional pedagogy daga 1930 zuwa 1978. A wannan lokaci, tara koyarwa kwarewa, karatu Psycho-pedagogical da kuma na asibiti fasali na yanayin wajen tunani retarded yara na pre-makaranta lokaci, shirya da shari'a tsarin, kimiyya da methodological adabi ga halittar musamman correctional pre-op.
2. Zamanintar da abun ciki na correctional da ilimi da ayyukan a pre-makaranta cibiyoyin yara tare da ilimi nakasa daga 1978 zuwa 1992.
3. Wayarwa ga farkon ganewa na ilimi cuta a makarantan nasare yara, Psycho-pedagogical gyara da suka faru, dangane da ilmantarwa tsari na iyaye (1992 - a yau).

Samuwar jindadin aiki a makarantan nasare

Nazari more lokaci na da samuwar.

A farko musamman irin rawa da ka'idar L. S. Vygotskogo. A cikin thirties na karshe karni a Rasha shi da aka saukar ka'idojin samuwar da yaron ya tuna. Nazari a lokacin ya nuna cewa samuwar mafi girma shafi tunanin mutum da ayyuka na mutum na faruwa bayan haihuwa. A wannan tsari ne ya rinjayi na zamantakewa yanayi, da horo da kuma ilimi. A sakamakon haka, da data malamai sun iya tantance dangantakar nazarin halittu da kuma zamantakewa dalilai a ci gaba da makarantan nasare yaro, sun harsãshin jindadin aiki.

Domestic ci gaban makarantan nasare yara koyon ka'idar

Masana kimiyya sun ƙaddara cewa a hankali a hankali samuwar na sanin makarantan nasare yara da fadada yiwuwa muhimmi a cikin shi. A ka'idar L. S. Vygotskogo ya yarda malamai karba sababbin dabaru na jindadin aiki domin makarantan nasare.

Soviet Psychologists D. B. Elkonin, A. N. Leonteva nuna cewa koyo ne ba kawai da manyan factor a cikin samuwar hankali, da ci gaba da shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai, amma kuma a ci gaba da m aiki na makarantan nasare yara. A sakamakon wani dogon aiki na rukuni na malamai a dangantaka ta kusa da masana ilimin tunani na ya fitowan a cikin rabi na biyu na karni na karshe, masu tasowa, da horo a makarantar kafin pedagogy.

Muhimmancin bunkasa horo ga Correctional

Irin wannan hanya na koyar da tunani retarded makarantan nasare yara bayyana a shekarar 1975. Yana da aka a wannan lokaci na musamman da aka bude a birnin Moscow makarantan nasare, tsara don yara da ilimi nakasa. A lokacin da gudanar da bincike an gano cewa mahaukaci ci gaba da gyara shi ne kawai zai yiwu lokacin da yake bunkasa da horo, da aikace-aikace na da ka'idar m lokaci. Kid da ciwon raya ci gaban cuta, na bukatar wani cikakken kuma dace pedagogical daukan hotuna. A tasiri na correctional da kuma ilimi da matakan dogara a kan lokacin da aikin da aka fara. Welfare aiki - wannan ne tarbiyyar da kuma ci gaban yara. A baya matsaloli suna gano, ɓullo da wani shirin magance su, da mafi kusantar da shi shi ne cewa gyara zai yi kyau sakamakon.

Shirin a kan ilimi na tunani retarded makarantan nasare yara

Sai aka buga a shekarar 1976. Bugu da kari ga samar da ilimi da kuma horo hanyoyin, musamman shawarwari domin su aiwatar a makarantan nasare makarantun yara da infringements na ilimi ci gaba da aka ɓullo da. A wata dabara ta lura da cewa jin dadin aiki - wannan ne sashe na Defectology, kwarewa a al'amurran da suka shafi na ci gaba da ba da ilimi na tunani retarded yara.

A karshen karni na 20th, ci gaba da bincike a fagen pedagogy. maimatawar horaswa da aka gudanar Correctional malamai, yaro Psychologists. A sakamakon wani rukuni na masana ilimin tunani da makarantan nasare malamai shi ne halittar da ka'idar da aiki tsarin kula da sirri ci gaba da makarantan nasare yaro. Da masu bincike sun buga da dama mujallar kimiyya, a cikin abin da aka lura da cewa jin dadin aiki - shi ne ba a jumla, amma wani lokaci ya karfafa aikin malaman makaranta. Yana bayyana a cikin 80s na karshe karni da kuma musamman shirin ci gaba da O. P. Gavrilushkinym, N. D. Sokolovym, tsara don horo da kuma ilimi na tunani retarded yara na makarantan nasare shekaru.

Yana nufin cewa da jindadin aiki - wannan shi ne wani muhimmin shugabanci na koyarwa ayyukan, wani m tsarin kula da ci gaba da kuma ilimi na yara da ilimi tawaya. The girmamawa da aka a kan halittar mafi kyau duka yanayi na da samuwar yara ta ayyukan. Tsara horarwa don ci gaban makarantan nasare yara daga 3 zuwa 8 shekaru. Sun bayar da shawarar da ganewa da kuma gyara daga yaro mutumin da ilimi nakasa.

Mayar da hankali a kan wani tsarin kula da Hadakar yara ayyukan da take hakki na ilimi ci gaba.

A ƙayyadaddu na yara jindadin aiki

To, abin da yake da jindadin aiki? Tabbatar da dalilin nuna cewa da farko hulda da tsarin ayyuka da nufin shawo kan shafi tunanin mutum da cuta a makarantan nasare yara, taimaka wadannan yara daidaita da zamantakewa yanayi. Bugu da kari gargajiya rawar-Playing wasanni ake amfani a makarantan nasare, musamman da hankali ne da aka ba mai hoto aiki. Yara da suke da tsanani matsaloli da hankali, malamai da kuma masana ilimin tunani na da hannu a zane, da suka bayar da azuzuwan a sculpting, zanen. A cikin shakka daga irin wannan ayyuka ne da ci gaban lafiya motor basira a makarantan nasare yara, masu tasowa, da vocal na'ura, kafa da sadarwa basira sadarwa. Ko da tare da m raya ci gaban nakasa, da dama m na malamai da kuma masana ilimin tunani, zai yiwu samuwar na farko ilmin lissafi Concepts, kazalika da kwanciya harsãshin hali a cikin al'umma.

zamani jindadin aiki

Wannan nazarin da jindadin aiki a lokacin? Hankali malamai da masana ilimin tunani na janyo hankalin search for sabon siffofin da kuma hanyoyin da aiki tare da makarantan nasare yara, wanda nawa nisa a baya da takwarorinsu a cikin ilimi ci gaba. Amma, kamar yadda wani nau'i na goyon baya ga samar da correctional makarantan nasare yara tare da matsaloli a cikin ilimi ci gaba ne na musamman correctional makarantan nasare. Wannan shi ne inda kyau-ɓullo da jawabin far. Correctional aiki a karkashin musamman shirye-shirye, amince da ma'aikatar ilimi, a kusa da dangantaka da likita al'umma malamai, yaro Psychologists.

Bincike a cikin Rasha Federation ga Correctional

Modern nazari a fagen correctional pedagogy, da farko mayar da hankali a kan halittar musamman manufar farkon ganewa na matsaloli, dace arziki na Psycho-pedagogical gyara na gano sabawa a shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaban makarantan nasare yara. Don aiki kwararru ya zama tasiri, correctional pedagogy ya kamata a ci gaba a tare da tare da Cibiyar Family Ilimi.

A amfani da iyali da kuma zamantakewa tsarin kula da farkon ganewar asali na ilimi sabawa a preschoolers yakan haifar da taimakon kwararrun pathologists. Bayan gano matsalar an warware wannan tambaya na kara horo Toddler. Yana halitta na musamman hukumar, wanda ya hada da ba wai kawai kiwon lafiya kwararru, amma kuma ilimin, malama, ilimin, yaro psychologist. Idan ya tabbatar, da kiwon lafiya ganewar asali, da ganewa na tsanani shafi tunanin mutum munanan preschooler aka aiko zuwa ga m da ilimi da kuma horo a cikin wani na musamman makarantan nasare.

Ɗawainiya makarantan nasare Oligophrenopedagogics

Babban batu na makarantan nasare jindadin aiki ne da nazarin da msar tambayar sigogi na horo da kuma ilimi na tunani retarded yara. Shi ne a cikin wannan shekara shi ne mafi m samuwar da kaddarorin da kuma halaye da maida nazarin halittu kasancewarsa mutum. A wannan mataki na ci gaba, halitta harsashin da ake bukata domin m samuwar musamman da dabarun da kuma Mastering daban-daban ayyukan.

Bugu da kari ga halaye da kuma kaddarorin da psyche na yara, wanda ayyana yanayin da hali, shi ne samuwar irin hali ga duniya da kuma yanayi. Idan a wannan lokaci ba za ka iya cikakken gyara ilimi ci gaba da yaro, shi zai barnatar da shafi ta m ci gaba.

ƙarshe

Correctional kwanan nan ja hankalin masu Psychologists da kuma malamai, kamar yadda yara tare da m nakasa a ilimi cin zama, da rashin alheri, kuma da a kowace shekara. A Jihar yawa preschools da psychologist, wani malami, mai magana ilimin. Su aiki ne wajen gano farkon matakai na matsaloli tare da jawabin, memory, taro da sauransu. D. Yana da kwarewa na wadannan ma'aikata dogara kan ko dace gano sabawa a ilimi ci gaban makarantan nasare yara. Babban matsalar shi ne cewa da yawa m dalilai da suka shafi shafi tunanin mutum retardation, an protracted.

GEF biyu ƙarni, a gabatar a makarantan nasare makarantu, da nufin farkon ganewar asali na m damar iya yin komai na yara. Tare da wani tsanani ra'ayi na malamai don sabon tarayya ilimi nagartacce, ƙirƙira musamman domin makarantan nasare jama'a cibiyoyin, yana yiwuwa su da sauri gane rukuni na yara da shafi tunanin mutum retardation, samar da su da duk yiwu taimako, za mu kawo su yi aiki da irin wannan kwararru preschoolers: likitoci, Psychologists, jawabin therapists.