Yadda yawa ragowa a byte? Menene ragowa da bytes?

All photos, rubutu takardun da shirye-shirye da aka adana a kwamfuta memory a cikin nau'i na ragowa da bytes. Mene ne karami naúrar na bayanai, da kuma yadda da yawa ragowa a byte?

Adanar bayanai a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar

Computer memory ne mai babbar sa na Kwayoyin cika da zeros da su. Cell - wannan shi ne mafi kankanta adadin data cewa za a iya isa ga mai karatu. Jiki, shi ne jawo (a cikin zamani kwakwalwa). Jawo shi ne don haka kananan cewa yana da wuya a ga ko da a karkashin wani hange. Kowane cell yana da wani musamman adireshin inda ya sami daya ko wani shirin.

A karkashin cell mafi yawan lokaci zuwa fahimta guda byte. Amma, dangane da gine-gine, da shi za a iya hada 2, 4 ko 8 bytes. Byte na'urorin lantarki ya gane a matsayin dukan, amma a gaskiya shi ne hada da ko da karami Kwayoyin - ragowa. 1 byte iya encode wani hali, kamar wata wasika ko lamba, yayin da 1 bit bai isa ba.

Masu kula da wuya aiki a kan mutum ragowa, ko da yake shi ne a zahiri zai yiwu. A maimakon haka, akwai wani roko ga dukan bytes ko byte kungiyoyin.

Mene ne a bit?

Sau da yawa wani bit ga fahimtar bayanai naúrar na ji. Irin wannan kafiya ba za a dauke m, saboda sosai ra'ayi na bayanai quite blurry. Idan ya yi magana mafi daidai, da bit - ne harafi na kwamfuta haruffa. The kalmar "bit" da aka samu daga Turanci magana "binary lambobi", wanda ma'anarsa shine "binary lambobi".

Alphabet kwakwalwa ne mai sauki da kuma kunshi biyu kawai alamomin: 0 kuma 1 (gaban ko babu wata alama gaskiya ne ko karya). Wannan sa ne isa ya Azancin bayyana wani abu. The uku yanayin, wanda aka bayyana a kwamfuta shirun (sigina karewa) ne labari.

By kanta, da wasika bai kawo wani darajar cikin sharuddan bayanai: neman a daya ko a sifili, ba shi yiwuwa a fahimci ko da cewa, a cikin irin data wannan darajar shafi. Kuma photos, da kuma texts, da kuma shirin zai ƙarshe kunshi wadanda kuma zeros. Saboda haka ya cije m matsayin mai zaman kanta naúrar. Saboda haka, wajibi ne mu hada ragowa zuwa encode da su da amfani bayani.

Mene ne wani byte?

Idan wani bit - ne harafi na byte ne a semblance magana. Daya byte iya ƙunsar rubutu hali, lamba na wani babban yawan, biyu kananan da kuma lambobin m. D. haka, a byte riga ya ƙunshi m bayanai, albeit a wani karamin girma.

Novice shirye-shirye da kuma kawai m masu amfani don mamaki da yawa ragowa a 1 byte. A zamani kwakwalwa, a byte ne ko da yaushe daidaita da takwas ragowa.

Idan bit ne iya dauka kawai biyu dabi'u, da hade da takwas ragowa ne iya samar da 256 daban-daban haduwa. Yawan 256 da aka kafa biyu shiri na takwas digiri (daidai da yadda da yawa ragowa da byte).

Daya bit - ne 1 ko 0. biyu ragowa iya riga ƙirƙirar play 00, 01, 10 da kuma 11. Lokacin da ta kai 8 ragowa, sa'an nan zeroes da kuma wadanda wannan hade a cikin kewayon 00000000 ... 11111111 jũya 256. Idan kawai tuna nawa dabi'u iya dauka da kuma yadda da yawa ragowa suna kunshe ne a cikin guda byte, sa'an nan ku tuna da wannan adadi zai zama mai sauqi.

Kowane hade da haruffa iya kawo daban-daban bayanai dangane da tsarinsa (ascii, Unicode, da dai sauransu). Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa masu amfani fuskanci gaskiyar cewa gabatar a Rasha bayanai wani lokacin bayyana a cikin nau'i na m haruffa.

Features na binary tsarin

A binary tsarin yana da duk wannan Properties matsayin saba mana gidan goma: lambobin kunshi wadanda kuma zeros, za ka iya ƙara, ɗebewa, ninka, da dai sauransu The kawai bambanci shi ne, tsarin bai kunshi 10, da kuma duk na .. 2 lambobi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne dace don amfani ga data boye-boye.

A wani positional tsarin kirga yawan ragowa kunsa na: raka'a, dubun, ɗari ɗari, da dai sauransu. A cikin gidan goma tsarin, matsakaicin darajar daya bit daidai 9, da kuma a cikin wani binary tsarin - 1. Tun a sallama iya dauka kawai biyu dabi'u, binary lambobi hanzari .. kara a tsawon. Alal misali, saba mana da lambar 9 za a rubuta kamar yadda 1001. Wannan yana nufin cewa tara za a rubuce hudu characters, tare da daya binary lambobi yayi dace da daya bit.

Me cikin bayanai da aka rufaffen a binary form?

A gidan goma tsarin ne dace domin inputting da outputting bayanai, da kuma binary - don tsara da aiwatar da da canji. Har ila yau, Popular tsarin, wanda dauke da takwas da goma sha shida haruffa: suka fassara da na'ura code a wani m form.

A binary tsarin shi ne ya fi dace daga ra'ayi na tunani. Unit conventionally nufin "a": akwai wani sigina, da sanarwa gaskiya ne, da dai sauransu Zero ake dangantawa da darajar "ba": .. A darajar ne ƙarya, babu sigina, da dai sauransu. Duk wani bude tambaya za a iya tuba zuwa daya ko fiye tambayoyi tare da bambance-bambancen karatu na amsoshin "eh .. "ko" ba. " The uku wani zaɓi, misali, "Unknown" zai zama gaba daya mara amfani.

Lokacin da kwamfuta fasahar da aka ɓullo da kuma wani uku-lambar-iya aiki data ajiya, da ake kira tritium. Za su iya dauka uku dabi'u: 0 - ganga ne komai, 1 - ganga cika halfway da kuma 2 - cike iya aiki. Duk da haka, da binary tsarin shi ne mafi sauki da kuma ma'ana, saboda haka, sun sami da yawa fiye da rare.

Yadda yawa ragowa a byte dā?

A baya can, ba shi yiwuwa a ce domin tabbatar da yadda da yawa ragowa a byte. Da farko wani byte gane inji kalma, Ina nufin yawan ragowa da kwamfuta iya aiwatar a daya aiki zagayowar (Agogon sake zagayowar). Lokacin da kwamfuta ya ba tukuna aka sanya a cikin ofisoshin, daban-daban microprocessors yi aiki tare da bytes na daban-daban masu girma dabam. Byte iya hada 6 ragowa, yayin da farko model na IBM ta size kai 9 ragowa.

Yau, 8-bit bytes sun zama haka sananne cewa ko da da definition a byte ne sau da yawa ya bayyana cewa, a naúrar na bayanai kunshi 8 ragowa. Duk da haka, a cikin wani yawan fannonin tsarin gine-gine bytes karkacewa 32 ragowa da hidima a matsayin inji kalma. Irin wannan fannonin tsarin gine-gine suna amfani da wasu supercomputers kuma siginar da sarrafawa, amma ba a kan mu saba kwakwalwa, kwamfyutocin da kuma wayoyin hannu.

Me ya lashe takwas-misali?

Bytes yi tsiwirwirinsu takwas-size dandali ta hanyar IBM PC tare da rare a lokacin da wani 8-bit processor Intel 8086. Yaduwar wannan model gudummawar da cewa a cikin 1970s. 8 ragowa da byte ya zahiri zama wani misali darajar.

Takwas-bit misali ne dace domin ba ka damar adana 1 byte na biyu haruffa a cikin gidan goma tsarin. Lokacin 6-bit tsarin za a iya adana daya lambobi, yayin da 2 ragowa ne m. The 9 ragowa za a iya rubuta 2 lambobi, amma har yanzu ya kasance daya karin bit. Yawan 8 ne na uku ikon biyu da samar da ƙarin saukaka.

A amfani da ragowa da bytes

Mutane da yawa masu amfani da ake yi mamaki: yadda ba a Mix ragowa da bytes? A mataki na farko shi ne kula da abin da aka rubuta tsarin rubutu rage tsawon byte aka rubuta a cikin wani nau'i na babban birnin kasar harafin "B" (a harshen Turanci - "B"). Haka kuma, shi ne karamin harafin "b" ( "b") don nuna bit.

Duk da haka, akwai ko da yaushe da yiwuwar cewa littãfi an zaba ba daidai ba (misali, wasu shirye-shirye duk da rubutu a cikin ƙananan ko babba hali ta atomatik tuba). A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ka san cewa ana auna a ragowa, da kuma cewa - a bytes.

A bisa ga al'ada, ƙaddara adadin bytes: size of wuya faifai, flash tafiyarwa da kuma wani matsakaici za a kayyade a cikin bytes, da kuma Hadakar raka'a, kamar gigabytes.

A ragowa amfani ga rate ji. The adadin bayanai da wuce da tashar gudun da Internet da sauransu. N. Auna a ragowa da kuma wanda aka samu raka'a, kamar megabits. download gudun fayilolin kuma ko da yaushe nuna a ragowa.

Idan so, za ka fassara ragowa cikin bytes ko mataimakin versa. Shi ne isa zuwa tuna yadda da yawa ragowa a byte, da kuma yi sauki ilmin lissafi lissafin. A ragowa ana tuba a cikin bytes ta rarraba ta takwas, translation ne da za'ayi ta hanyar multiplication da wannan lambar.

Mene ne inji kalma?

Machine kalma - wannan shi ne bayani a rubuce cikin memory cell. Yana wakiltar matsakaicin jerin bayanai raka'a cewa an abar kulawa kamar yadda daya naúrar.

Maganar tsawon yayi dace da bit processor, wanda na dogon lokaci da aka daidaita 16 ragowa. Mafi zamani kwakwalwa shi ne 64 ragowa, ko akwai ma fi guntu (32-bit), da kuma ƙara na'ura kalmomi. A wannan yanayin, da yawan ragowa kafa da na'ura kalma, ko da yaushe wani mahara na takwas da za a iya sauƙi tuba zuwa bytes.

Ga wani musamman kwamfuta kalma tsawon ne canzawa kuma tana nufin wani yawan muhimmanci halaye na "baƙin ƙarfe".