Yak-130: fasaha bayani dalla-dalla, description da kuma nazari na makirci

Cikin fiye da karni na jirgin sama tarihi "tashi jam'iyyar" inji aka alaka rabu amfani iri daban-daban. Yana yi imanin cewa, nan gaba matukin dole koyi management dabarun farko a wani abu kafin ka samu shiga cikin kokfit na zamani da jirgin sama. Wannan hadisin an sabawa OKB zanen su. A. S. Yakovleva da NPK "Irkut", halitta Yak-130 bayani dalla-dalla wanda zo kusa da sigogi na hudu interceptors, da kuma a wasu hanyoyi ko da biyar da al'ummomi.

"Birds na Jam'iyyar"

Domin hudu da suka gabata, yawo makarantu amfani ga m horo Czechoslovakian L-29 da kuma L-39. A baya can, a nan gaba matuka horar da a kan Yak-52, ko da a baya - cikin Yak-18. Kafin yakin, "tashi a tebur" bauta sanannen U-2 (kuma aka sani da Po-2). Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet da kuma gurguzu sansanin inji, kafa da Technology Park na mafi girma jirgin sama da makarantu, da samun mazan, ba kawai abi'a, amma kuma a cikin mafi sauki, jiki da hankali. Tsaya samar da ba kawai da jirgin sama da kanta, amma kuma kayayyakin gyara, kuma sabis rayuwa shi ne steadily m. A halin da ake ciki da aka dada tabarbare a fada bayan na fasaha horo tushe a kan real halin da ake ciki a Air Force, wanda ya fara yada zango a cikin latest interceptor da kuma tsarin gaban MiG-29 da kuma Su-27. A L-39 horo matuka ga zamani inji zama matsala, idan ba zai yiwu ba. Haka kuma, a Rasha akwai wani matukin jirgi horo makaranta, wanda dadin wani babban kasa da kasa suna da rasa wannan kasuwar zai zama ba daidai ba.

A farkon 90-ies na umurni na Air Forces da Tarayyar Soviet qaddamar da zane aiki a filin na halitta na zamani horo jirgin sama. Qarshe, mafi kyau da aka gane a matsayin Yak-130: fasaha halaye shi ne mafi m tare da buri na soja. Haka ya faru, duk da haka, ba nan da nan, ya gaba na gasar.

m selection

Ra'ayoyinsu a kan gine-gine na nan gaba na UGC (horo hadaddun) ya ruwaito a cikin farkon shekarar 1991, hudu KB:

- "Sukhoi".

- ANPK "MiG".

- OKB. A. S. Yakovleva.

- EMZ su. VM Myasishcheva.

TTZ aka hada da ɗan m, sabili da haka muhimmanci daban-daban ra'ayi. "Sukhoi" samarwa a model C-54, wanda shi ne mai version na interceptor Su-27, saba da makasudin. Wannan inji shi ne mafi dace wa da horo riga ya dandana matuka fiye da sabon shiga. OKB, fahimtar da tattalin arziki da matsaloli a cikin kasar suka zaba domin rage kudin, kuma a sakamakon da suka samu wani m, amma ba quite sadu da tsammanin na Air Force jirgin sama. A myasishchev ga tambaya ta zo up ir} iro ta miƙa nagartaccen version, kunsha kawai "winged jam'iyyun" da kuma ƙasa horo hadaddun, amma da ɗan kwashe, da kuma aikin da aka tsada sosai, kuma ba tagwaye-engine, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Tor. All sun nasara yakovlevtsy, gudanar ya ci gaba da kusan dukkan bukatun optimally. Sagittal kusa da na yanzu makirci, jirgin yi na Yak-130, da kuma wani sa na zažužžukan a cikin nau'i na aikin da yin simulators dangane da kwakwalwa da kuma kwamfuta azuzuwan bayar wasu abũbuwan amfãni. Mikoyan da Yakovlev, wanda aka tambaye su yi aiki tare - bisa ga shawarar da fasaha da kimiyya, kwamitin Air Force, da kwangiloli da biyu zane ofisoshin da aka kammala.

waje abokan

Matsaloli tare da bayyana kudade na farko shekaru kasancewar mai zaman kanta Rasha, sananne ne. KB domin warware matsalolin da aka fuskanta tare da bukatar samun masu zuba jari. A musamman, aikin nuna sha'awa cikin da Faransa kamfanin "Turbomeca" (injuna) da kuma "Thomson" (Avionics), fuskantar matsaloli dangane da rufe na "Alpha Jet" shirin. Bayyana niyyar hadin gwiwa da kuma Italiya (m jirgin sama manufacturer "Ermakki"), kuma guga man ta Birtaniya kasuwar. A wannan lokaci, ya gano wani muhimmanci marketing al'amari ne gaskiya cewa "tsarki" horo a jirgin sama ne mai wuya ya zama a high bukatar a kasuwa, amma idan ana iya amfani da kuma matsayin yaƙi, wani daban-daban al'amarin. Sai ya juya daga cewa shi ne dace Yak-130, dabara da kuma fasaha halaye na wanda, ciki har da na sarrafawa iyaka, da nauyi ya dauke kaya, gudu da kuma kalmomin sirri, daidai da waje da bukatun.

Aerodynamics da sauran zane

Wasu canje-canje ga bukatun nuna a cikin bayyanar da airframe: ya hanci ya zama rounder (yanzu a kanta aka shigar radar ko Tantancewar-wuri tashar). yanzu shi ya koyar ba kawai Rasha amma kuma waje matuka jirgin, kuma shi ya kamata a dauka a cikin asusun a cikin zane na Yak-130. Fasaha halaye na latest inji kamar Rasha Su-27 da kuma MiG-29 da kuma Amurka F-16, da aka hankali bincikar. An gano cewa jirgin da aka bukata don kara matsakaicin kwana na kama zuwa 40 ° har ma mafi girma. A general, da maneuverability da ake bukata. Janar aerodynamics samu kama da makirci soma na biyar-tsara interceptor, ciki har da musamman siffar da reshe, kuma ta high mechanization, duk-motsi stabilizer kuma a tsaye wutsiya canja gaba.

Kwaikwayo da kuma zanga-zanga

A mafi muhimmanci yanayin domin kafa wani sabon horo jirgin sama ya yin amfani da nasarorin da latest amfani da fasahar zamani. Dalili na duk tsarin jirgin Rasha karfe kayan da kayan aiki, ciki har da wani Hadakar dijital-waya SU kuma reprogramming ikon kafa irin jirgin sama cewa matukin jirgin zai tashi. Bugu da kari, a cikin na farko tsawon horo jirgin sama "m" ga ɗan jam'iyyar kadet novice, Shi ne Mai gãfara da shi, sa'an nan ya zama ƙara m. A Rasha Air Force sau da yawa abunda aka kwaikwaya flights a Su kuma MiGs, amma, bisa manufa, babu wani abu wuyar halitta da mafarki na kula da Turai "Mirage-2000", "Rafal", "Typhoon" ko da American F-18, F- 16 da F-15 da kuma F-35, ko da shiga shirin na'urar kwaikwayo na dabara da kuma fasaha halaye. Yak-130D (ƙarin haruffa nufin "zanga-zanga") ya sanya farko jirgin a watan Afrilu 1996.

external dakatar

Idan ya cancanta, da jirgin sama za a iya amfani matsayin buga naúrar.

Up zuwa uku ton na da makamai masu linzami da kuma bama-bamai iya kawo Yak-130. Fasaha halaye, ciki har da kudi na hau kuma maneuverability, a wani cikakken lodi tsarin, ba shakka, za su samu mafi muni, amma shi ne a yarda a taron na hadari tasirin cikin sharuddan iska keda daukaka.

Wadannan da janar ra'ayi na duniya aikace-aikace, designers sanye take da jirgin sama takwas dakatar majalisai ƙarƙashin fikafikan da daya ventral pylon. Makamai za a iya kawota a daban-daban haduwa:

- P SD-73 "iska-to-air" - 4 inji mai kwakwalwa.

- X SD-25M "iska-surface" - 4 inji mai kwakwalwa.

- Nursaya a tubalan UB-32, O-IP-25 da kuma wasu gauges (57 zuwa 266 mm.) - bisa ga yawan rataye.

- bama-bamai 250 ko 500 kg (ciki har da concrete-) - bisa ga nauyi hane-hane.

- fayafayan bam RBK-500.

- Tankuna incendiary ST-500.

- Kwantena igwa.

Don kara da radius daga fama daya ko uku strut za a iya amfani da dakatar da ƙarin man fetur tankuna.

halaye na

Makasudin Manuniya masu ban sha'awa, musamman idan akai la'akari da gwada da kananan size da kuma nauyi na Yak-130.

The shirya wasan kwaikwayon na Yak-130:

• tsawon - 11 245 mm.
• wingspan - 9720 mm.
• tsawo - 4760 mm.
• Matsakaicin takeoff nauyi - har zuwa 9 m.
• fama load - 3 m.
• iyakar gudun - 1.050 km / h.
• m rufi - 12,000 m.
• obalodi na +8 G zuwa -3G.
• canja kwana na hari - 40 deg.;
• kewayon ba tare da PTB - to 1060 km.
• Ferry nesa ba tare da PTB - har zuwa 2000 km.
• takeoff tsawon - 335 m.
• kai-kashe gudun - 195 km / h.
• saukowa gudun - 180 km / h.
• lifespan - 10 dubu jirgin sa'o'i ko 30 kalandar shekaru ..

jihar domin

A karshen Millennium batun na soja matuka jirgin da aka rage muhimmanci a kwatanta da Soviet sau. Duk da haka, ban da makarantu, wanda akwai kawai uku, da bukatar sabon mota gwajin cibiyoyin maimatawar horaswa crews. Haka kuma, farashin man fetur a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe ya girma da yawa da kuma yadda ya dace da ta kwarara kudi (600 l / h) daga cikin saba L-39 da idon zamani Yak-130. Description, yi halaye, da yiwuwar piloting horo a kan inji daban-daban - duk da wannan ne ya sa ta fara serial samar da sabon UTI.

al'amurra

Babban abokin ciniki - Rasha Air Force. A jirgin sama da aka sanya a kan Naz "Sokol" tare da wani kudi na game da dozin motoci a shekara. Formation shirya horo regiments Krasnodar. Air Force Kwamandan Janar na Army Vladimir Mikhailov da kaina samu Yak-130. Fasaha halaye na jirgin sama, maneuverability, da fadi da kewayon gudu da kuma sauƙi na aiki yi mai kyau ra'ayi. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa yawan motoci a horo raka'a da kuma horo cibiyoyin za a karu zuwa mutum ɗari uku, da jimlar size na kasuwar, ciki har da kasashen waje saye, kwararru sun kiyasta cewa adadi a 1000.