Carbon karfe. Rarrabuwa, Gost, aikace-aikace

Karfe - da karfe samfurin, babban gini abu. Daga shi nuna shiri rebar, karfe da daban-daban profiles, shambura, sassa, kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin aiki.

samar da karfe

Iron da karfe masana'antu ke tsunduma a samar da baƙin ƙarfe , da karfe. Iron - wuya, amma m abu. Karfe - m, abin dogara, roba, yiwuwa ga doping karfe da aka yi amfani da foundries, mirgina, bisa ƙirƙira da kuma stamping.

Akwai hanyoyi da dama na karfe samar:

1. Converter. Kayan aiki: oxygen Converter. A cajin (asali): fari Cast baƙin ƙarfe, karfe ya da, farar ƙasa. Samar da kawai carbon steels.
2. Open-hearth. Kayan aiki: bude-hearth gagarumar wuta. Jami'in: ruwa Cast baƙin ƙarfe, karfe ya da, tama. M duka biyu carbon kuma gami steels for.
3. Arc. Kayan aiki: lantarki baka gagarumar wuta. Jami'in: karfe ya da, alade baƙin ƙarfe, coke, farar ƙasa. A duniya Hanyar.
4. Shigar da. Kayan aiki: shigar da gagarumar wuta. Jami'in: karfe da kuma jefa ƙarfe ya da, ferro-gami.

Jigon da karfe samar da tsari - rage yawan korau sinadaran inclusions kafin su sami karfe, wanda aka popularly kira a matsayin "baƙin ƙarfe" - ko kuma wajen, na baƙin ƙarfe gami da ciwon carbon ciki a cikinta ne ba fiye 2.14%.

deacidification matakai

Domin karfe, da karshe mataki na smelting hankula tafasar tsari, wanda aka shafi muhimmi a cikinta nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide. Irin wannan gami a cikin taurare jihar yana mai porous tsarin, wanda aka cire ta birgima. Shi ne taushi da kuma compressible, amma ba isasshe m.

Deacidification tsari yana kashe ta shigar da wani ruwan impurities a ferromanganese gami da ferrosilicon, aluminum. Dangane da adadin saura gas da kuma deoxidizing abubuwa, da karfe iya annashuwa ko Semi-kashe.

A ƙãre karfe so mataki na deoxidation aka wadãtu cikin molds ga crystallization da kuma amfani da su a mataki aiwatar da matakai na yi na ƙãre karfe kayayyakin.

Nau'in carbon karfe

Duk da karfe cewa wanzu a duniya kasuwar za a iya raba carbon da kuma gami. Duk brands na carbon karfe kasu kashi daban-daban kungiyoyin da fasali na classifier tsarin rubutu.

Bisa ga babban rarrabuwa siffofin an ware:

1. Carbon tsarin karfe. Su carbon kasa da 0.8%. Suna amfani ga yi na bawuloli, birgima kayayyakin da simintin gyaran kafa.
2. Carbon kayan aiki karfe wanda sodrezhat carbon a wani adadin na daga 0.7% zuwa 1.3%. Suna amfani ga kayan aiki, da na'urorin kayan aiki.

Bisa ga hanyoyin da deoxidation:

• tafasasshen - deoxidizing abubuwa (RE) a cikin abun da ke ciki shi ne kasa da 0.05%.
• semikilled - 0.05% ≤RE≤0,15%.
• kwantar - 0,15% ≤RE≤0,3%.

A da sinadaran abun da ke ciki:

• low carbon (0.3% ≤S).
• sredneuglerodistoj (0,3≤S≤0,65%).
• high-carbon (0,65≤S≤1,3%).

Karfe dauke da carbon a wani adadin ya fi 1.3%, ba su yi amfani da masana'antu.

Dangane da microstructure:

• hypoeutectoid - a wani carbon karfe a cikin abun da ke ciki shi ne kasa da 0.8%.
• eutectoid - wani karfe da carbon abun ciki na 0.8%.
• hypereutectoid azuzuwan - karfe tare da carbon ciki wucewa 0.8%.

A ingancin:

1. Average quality. Sulfur shi ya ƙunshi kasa 0.06% phosphorus - ba fiye da 0,07%.
2. Quality karfe. Ba su dauke da sulfur da phosphorus 0,04% mafi girma.
3. High-quality. Sa'an nan da adadin sulfur ne kasa da 0,025% da phosphorus - ba fiye da 0,018%.

Bisa ga asali misali sa carbon karfe don rarraba:

• tsarin al'ada ingancin;
• yi ingancin;
• ingancin kayayyakin aiki;
• instrumental quality.

Musamman bai daya akan tsarin karfe na talakawa quality

Karfe da talakawa ingancin sun dauki: daga - to 0,6%, S - to 0,06%, P - 0,07%. Bari mu ga yadda wannan ne labeled carbon karfe. Standard 380 ma'anar wadannan tsarin rubutu nuances:

• A, B, C - kungiya. A - ba a nuna a cikin Godiya.
• 0-6 bayan da haruffa "ST" - a serial number, wanda aka rufaffen a cikin sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma (ko) inji Properties.
• T - Mangan gaban mn (manganese).
• kp, Zab, c - mataki na deoxidation (tafasar, Semi-kashe, a kwantar da hankula).

The lambobin daga 1 zuwa 6 bayan nadi na digiri na deoxidation da wani dash - wannan category. A wannan yanayin, na farko category ba alama a kowace hanya.

A haruffa M, K alama farkon iya nufin metallurgical masana'antu Hanyar: hearth ko oxygen-Converter. Ba zato ba tsammani, da carbon karfe na talakawa ingancin gabatar gwada yawa abun da ke ciki da alãmarsu, game da 47 guda.

Nau'in tsarin steels na talakawa quality

Carbon karfe na talakawa ingancin kasu kashi kungiyoyin.

• Group A: karfe, wanda dole ne daidai da ta dace da kayyade inji Properties. Masu amfani da sukan kawota a cikin wani nau'i na takardar da Multi-birgima (zanen gado, tees, H sassan, kayan aiki, rivets da kuma cikin gidaje). Kan sarki: St0 St1 - St6 (kp, Zab, sp), Categories 1-3, ciki har da St3Gps, St5Gps.
• Group B: karfe, wanda ya kamata a kayyade ta zama dole sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma dukiyoyinsu. Kerarre simintin kuma mirgina, wanda za a fuskanci ƙarin machining matsa lamba a cikin zafi yanayin (sunã ƙirƙirãwa, stamping). Kan sarki: BSt0, BSt1 (kn-cn) BSt2 (kp, Zab) BSt3 (kn-cn, ciki har da BSt3Gps) BSt4 (kp, Zab), BLS 6 (Zab, cn), Categories 1 da 2.
• Group B: karfe, wanda dole ne bi da sinadaran, ta jiki, inji da fasaha Properties. Wannan rukuni ne muhimmi bambancin da alãmarsu, na abin da aka sanya na roba takardar kayayyakin, m ƙarfafa ga yankunan a cikin matsananci yanayin zafi, m sassa (kusoshi, sukurori, axles, pistons yatsu). Dukan kayayyakin da daban-daban abun da ke ciki, Properties da brands na kungiyar hadawa da kyau fasaha weldability. Kan sarki: VSt1-VSt6 (kp, Zab, sp), VSt5 (Zab, sp), ciki har da VSt3Gps, category 1-6.

Tsarin karfe na talakawa quality - gami da ciwon da yawa mai gefe m amfani a cikin masana'antar.

Sa alama ingancin carbon karfe

A carbon abun ciki na karfe na ce ingancin daga 0.05% zuwa 0.6%. Narkewa na karfe na kungiyar rarrabuwa auku bude hearth ko lantarki baka Hanyar. A fadi da kewayon carbon gaban diversifies inji Properties: low-carbon - roba, na matsakaici - karfi.

Quality carbon karfe an hada da P da S ba fiye da 0,04%, bi da bi.

Lakabtawa (Gost 1050-88):

• Figures 05-60 - gaban wani zane carbon (min - 0.05% max - 0.6%).
• kp, Zab, c - mataki na deoxidation ( "cn" ba a nuna).
• T, U, F - dauke da manganese, aluminum, vanadium.

Ban ga lakabtawa

Quality carbon karfe a lakabtawa ne aka ware:

• 15K, 20K, 22K - ingancin karfe, an zartar a tukunyar jirgi yi.
• MF-20 - Carbon - 0.2%, da karfe ne m ga yi na bututu da zafi mirgina a cikin tukunyar jirgi yi da shigarwa na dumama tsarin, qunshi tagulla da kuma chromium.
• Gishiri - Karfe ga yi na mota axles, ya ƙunshi nickel, chromium, da kuma tagulla.

Domin duk brands na high quality-karfe halin da zai yiwu bukatar amfani da thermal (msl, maido) da kuma thermochemical magani (misali, cementation).

Nau'in carbon ingancin karfe

Wannan irin carbon karfe za a iya raba 4 kungiyoyin:

1. Ductility abu dace da sanyi aiki (mirgina), mirgina cikin takardar da kuma bututu. Brand - 08ps karfe, karfe 08, karfe 08kp.
2. Da karfe amfani a cikin zafi mirgina da Forging, wanda zai yi aiki a wani thermally m yanayin. Brand - Karfe daga 10 zuwa 25 karfe.
3. Karfe, ya same aikace-aikace a cikin yi da m sassa, ciki har da marẽmari, leaf marẽmari, couplings, kusoshi, shafts. Brand - Karfe na 60 zuwa 85 karfe.
4. Karfe bukata m aiki a maƙiya muhallin (msl, da matafila sarkar). Kan sarki karfe 30, karfe 50, karfe 30G, 50G karfe.

Shi ne kuma zai yiwu a raba cikin 2 kungiyoyin duk shahara brands na carbon karfe da ingancin aji: talakawa tsarin da kuma tsarin manganese.

A amfani da carbon tsarin karfe

Karfe ingancin aji	mark	aikace-aikace
al'ada ingancin	a0	kayan aiki, siding
	St1	iri, na-bim, tashoshi
	St3Gsp	gini haya
	St5sp	bushings, kwayoyi, kusoshi,
	St6ps	yi crowbars
	VSt4kp	siffa, takardar, birgima sashe karfe ga m Tsarin
ingantaccen	Stal10	bututu domin boilers, stamping
	Stal15	Details high ductility, cams, kusoshi, kwayoyi
	Stal18kp	weldments
	karfe 20ps	gatura, cokula masu yatsotsi, yatsunsu, kayan aiki, bututu
	Stal50	giya, clutches
	Stal60	dogara sanda, washers, spring washers

Carbon kayan aiki karfe halin high ƙarfi da tauri. Za su zama batun da Multi-mataki zafi magani.

A carbon abun ciki a cikin karfe: 0.7 - 1.3%. Domin ingancin - har zuwa 0.03% phosphorus - har zuwa 0,035%. A kayan aiki ga high quality-: sulfur - har zuwa 0.02% phosphorus - har zuwa 0.03%.

Vintage alama ce (Gost 1435-74):

• U - carbon kayan aiki;
• 7 -13 - carbon ciki a cikinta 0.7-1.3%, bi da bi.
• D - A gaban manganese.
• A - high quality.

Ban ga ka'idodi na da alama carbon kayan aiki steels - littattafai na sassa A75 jet sunadaran ASU10E, AU10E.

Bukatun ga kayan aiki da karfe

A daidai da Gost, kayan aiki steels dole ne hadu da wani yawan halaye.

Dole physicochemical kuma inji Properties: taurin ingancin Manuniya, tauri, ƙarfi, da juriya ga zazzabi canje-canje a lokacin aiki (a lokacin yankan, hakowa, bugu lodi), lalata juriya.

Tsare fasaha Properties:

• juriya ga korau sabon fasaha matakai (mai danko na kwakwalwan kwamfuta, hardening).
• mai kyau machinability juya da nika.
• laulayi zafi magani.
• jure zafi fiye da kima.

Don kara ingancin inji da fasaha sigogi kayan aiki karfe hõre wani multistage zafi magani:

• annealing da fara abu kafin Manufacturing kayan aikin.
• quenching (sanyaya a gishiri mafita) da kuma m tempering ƙãre kayayyakin (yafi low tempering).

A samu Properties aka ƙaddara da sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma microstructure samu: cementite da martensite zuwa austenite inclusions.

A amfani da carbon kayan aiki karfe

Amfani da bayyana karfe for daban-daban kayayyakin: sabon, feat. Irfan, karin.

• Karfe U7, U7A - guduma, chisels, da gatura, chisels, sledgehammers, chisels, kama kifi hooks.
• U8 karfe, U8A, U8G - saws, screwdrivers, punches, counter bores, masu saro, filaya.
• Karfe U9, U9A - benci kayan aikin, kayayyakin aiki, don yankan itace.
• Karfe U10, U10A karfe, U11, U11A - rasps, taps, karkatarwa drills, da karin kayan aiki da punching kuma k.
• A 12, U12A - reamers, taps, aunawa kayan aikin.
• Y13, U13A - ƙusa fayiloli, Rezoji da kuma m kayan aikin, stamping punches.

M zabi sa carbon karfe, ta zafi magani da fasaha, an fahimtar da kaddarorin da kuma halaye - jingina da tsawon rai samar, sarrafa, ko yi amfani da Tsarin ko kida.