Yankin Faceted na Moscow Kremlin

A tsakiyar Kremlin, a cikin gidajen gidan katolika na Cathedral, tsohuwar duniyar a Moscow (ba a lissafin ɗakin ɗakin kaya ba) shi ne ginin gine-ginen gida - Faceted Chamber. Har zuwa karni na goma sha biyar, an gina Muscovites mafi yawa daga itace, amma a cikin 1462 Babban Yarima Ivan III ya kira kansa "Sarkin dukan Rasha" kuma ya fara gina sabon gine-gine - na dutse. Na farko irin wannan gini shine Faceted Chamber a Kremlin. Chambers a wancan lokaci ana kiran wurin da aka shirya don bukukuwan da kuma biki.

An gayyaci wani masanin soja daga Milan, Marco Ruffo, zuwa Moscow. Gidan ya kasance yana maye gurbin gine-ginen katako da dutse. A Rasha, Mark Fryazin ya rubuta Ruffo da sauri daga kalmomin "fry, fry" - "baƙo". Halin da aka tsara na masallacin abu ne mai ban tausayi. Yawancin gine-gine da ya gina ba su tsira ba, kusan dukkanin ayyukan da Mark ya fara da shi an canja shi zuwa wani dako. Yankin Faceted ba wani bane.

Fryazin fara yi a 1487, ya zaci up dukan sarari, da gine-gine da abun da ke ciki na shekara uku na aiki a kan wata fitacciyar, amma ga unknown dalilai, aka kore shi daga aiki. An kammala gina gidan a 1491, wani Italiyanci - Pietro Antonio Solari, wanda sunansa Muscovites ya canza zuwa Peter Fryazin nan da nan.

Solari ya isa Moscow bayan ya zama dan uwansa, amma ya ji daɗin ƙaunar sarki kuma, bisa ga wasu bayanai, an yi la'akari da babban masallaci na birnin. Yankin Faceted shine sunansa zuwa Italiyanci. A cikin kayan ado na gabashin facade, masarautar ta shafi siffar liyafa na gine-gine na Italiyanci a lokacin - "tsattsar lu'u-lu'u". An yi amfani da manyan duwatsun da manyan sutura tare da wani ɓangaren faceted a cikin siffofin tetrahedral pyramids. An rarraba duwatsu masu "faceted" ta hanyoyi masu linzami, samar da wani abu mai ban mamaki game da haske da inuwa.

An gina gine-ginen a daidai wuri inda wuraren Ivan Kalita da fadar Dmitry Donskoy suka tsaya. Yana da benaye biyu da basu da alaka da juna. A yau, ana iya samun dakin gadon sarauta daga ɗakunan babban Kremlin Palace, a lokacin Ivan III, manyan matakai da ake kira Red Porch aka kai su ɗakin. A cikin shekaru 30 na karni na karshe, an rushe shirayi, amma a cikin shekaru 90 na karni na ashirin, masu sassaƙaccen dutse na zamani sun mayar da su a hankali bisa ga takardun ajiya. Ƙungiyar ta faceted ta sauya bayyanar sau da yawa, amma manufarsa a matsayin babban zauren wakilci ya kasance daidai. A nan sun kulla mulkin sarakunan Rasha, sun sami 'yan diplomasiyya daga Denmark, Jamus, Hungary, Farisa da Turkiyya, sun ba da babbar kyauta ga masu rinjaye da azurfa.

Dukan manyan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin rãyuwar kasar: kama Kazan Ivanom Groznym, Poltava da nasarar da dakarun na Bitrus I, 'yar Borisa Godunova alkawari - alama ta lush 5-6 hours Abincin rana a cikin Palace of fuskoki dabam-dabam. Ga zauna da Boyar Duma da Zemsky Sobor, shan tarihi yanke shawara.

Majami'ar Al'arshi na dogon lokaci ya kasance mafi girma a cikin rukunin Rasha kuma a koyaushe ya bambanta da alatu. An sake dawo da frescoes na asali a cikin karni na 17, sa'an nan kuma wanke da kuma rufe da karammiski. A yau ɗakin yana kama da madubi mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa: ganuwar an rufe shi da zane-zane na masanan Palekh Belousovyh (ХІХ karni), a ƙasa akwai littafi mai mahimmanci na nau'i 16 na itace mai mahimmanci - sakamakon sakamako mai mahimmanci wanda aka ƙare a shekarar 2012.

Gine-gine abin tunawa ne wani ɓangare na da mazaunin shugaban kasar Rasha. An yi amfani dashi ne kawai a cikin lokuta masu mahimmanci don saduwa da tarurruka da jihohin jihohi. A shekara ta 2012, gidan faceted na Kremlin a karo na farko a tarihin shekaru 500 ya bude kofofin ga 'yan yawon bude ido.