Yawan jama'a da kuma yanki na Bashkiria. Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan: babban birnin kasar, shugaban kasar, tattalin arziki, yanayin

Yawon bude ido daga ko'ina a duniya zo da jumhuriya, ya yi nazarin ta al'ada da kuma ji dadin gani. Area Bashkiria manyan kuma bambancin da kuma sabon abu yanayi. Idan ka taba so in je wurin - tabbata a tabbatar da shi.

labarin

Domin da farko lokacin da jamhuriyar da ta mutane ne da aka ambata a cikin rubuce kayan na 10th karni. Wurare da dama a duwãtsu na Bashkiria aka zaune wani sashi na 'yan asalin mutane, yayin da wasu suka zauna a cikin sararin matakan. Su main zama - farauta, dabba husbandry da kuma kama kifi.

A 12-14 karnoni, da Bashkirs kasance waɗanda aka raunana ta hanyar Tatar-mangolawa, da taro bayan rushewar da sosai zama na al'umma shi ne a kan gungumen azaba - mutanen da suke bakin ciki, fragmented. A 1557 aka yanke shawarar zuwa accede da Rasha jihar. A hankali, yankin fara a lugar Bashkortostan. da dama mata kagarai da aka kafa don kare da abokan gaba kai hare-hare. Yan unguwa sun soma Rasha kwarewa na noma. A 18th karni shi ya zama cibiyar Yuzhnyy Ural hakar ma'adinai masana'antu.

Bashkirs dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin manoma 'War. Su tawagar An jagorancin mawãƙi da kuma talented soja shugaban Salavat Yulaev, dauka fursuna da gwamnatin da kuma aika zuwa gudun hijira bayan da shan kashi. Bisani, ya zama na kasa gwarzo.

Tare da isowa daga cikin Soviets kafa wani m jamhuriyar. A shekarar 1992, dangane da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma canji na gwamnati, an sake masa suna. Beautiful ƙasar da ake kira Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan. Yana da haka muka san shi a yau. Don tambayar "Ta yaya shekaru masu yawa na Bashkortostan?" Shin wuya a amsa unequivocally. A matsayin mai raba yankin na jamhuriyar aka kafa a kan shekaru 700 da suka wuce. Amma ta haihuwa kwanan wata daga cikin tsakiyar 15th karni - shi ne to da cewa shi aka annexed ta Rasha.

yankin Bashkiria

A Jamhuriyar aka located a kudancin ɓangare na Ural Mountains, a nuna na Turai da kuma Asiya. M Perm, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg yankin. A yamma da kuma arewa-maso-yammacin dab Tatarstan, kuma Udmurtia, bi da bi. A daidai yanki na Bashkiria - 143 600 dubu murabba'in kilomita (wannan shi ne 0.8% na jimlar ƙasar Rasha).

Babban birnin kasar na Jamhuriyar ne birni na Ufa. Beloretsk, Ishimbai, Kumertau, Neftekamsk, Salavat, Sibai, Sterlitamak - wani babban birni, wanda alfahari Bashkiria. A harshen da wanda don sadarwa da mazauna - Rasha. Sun kuma yi magana da 'yan qasar Bashkir, da kuma a wasu yankunan mutane ne m, a Tatar. A jama'ar na kasa (bisa ga 2010 ƙidaya) - 1.172.287 mutane. Akwai kusa da miliyan 2 Bashkirs.

Weather da yanayi

Jamhuriyar sauyin yanayi - nahiyar. Weather a Bashkiria m, unpredictable sau. Low dutsen fuska bai hana shigar azzakari cikin farji na Siberian iska taro.

Summers ne dumi a kasar. A zafin jiki a cikin steppe Piedmont Ural zone yakan zuwa 40 digiri. A talakawan Yuli zazzabi aka sa a wani matsayi na 16 zuwa 20 ° C. Yawan rana kwanaki a cikin babban birnin kasar - a yankin na 260. A hunturu a Bashkiria ne quite mai tsanani. Korau zafin jiki ne kusa da 15 digiri, amma wani lokacin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio saukad da zuwa -40 ° C. Matakan da hankula hadari cewa busa tafi da snow daga dagagge wuraren Urals kwaruruka. Snow bayyana a cikin watan Satumba kuma yana har Afrilu. Weather a Bashkiria dogara a kan iska, a kan talakawan, shi yana da top gudun 3,4-5,2 mita biyu.

yanayi

Mafi yawa daga cikin masu yawon shakatawa zo a cikin kasar don a ji dadin ta bambancin yanayi. Tafiya a kan Bashkiria, tabbatar da duba fitar da coniferous da deciduous gandun daji. Alfahari da majestically located in wadannan daraja itatuwan oak, haske lemun tsami, platanoides Maple, kaifi fir. Yankin ne mai arziki a cikin Flora chic kuma bambancin fauna - dabbobi da suke da hali na taiga, da suke zaune a wadannan gandun daji. Mice, jays, badgers da hedgehogs - kawai 'yan daga cikin dabbobin da za a iya kama da idanu na yawon bude ido.

Gandun daji-steppe Bashkiria ne mai arziki a cikin Foxes, Wolves da hares, wani lokacin ba za ka iya saduwa da barewa. A mafi bude yankunan da sanaki daji hakori. Kusa da tabkuna zaunar gulls da ducks. Steppe ƙasa ne sparse itatuwa, da tsire-tsire masu kananan, girma hatsi - ovsets da gashin tsuntsu. Na unguwa - ƙasa squirrels, jerboa. Mutane da yawa tsuntsaye masu cin nama - gaggafa, gaggafa, kites. Sau da yawa da suka iya gani shawagi a cikin iska ko a zaune a kan gangara - saboda haka suna kallon da kuma neman fitar ga ganima. Zauralye steppe tabkuna ake jiha da tsuntsaye, da kuma kusa da koguna za ka iya saduwa da mazaunan makwabtaka da gandun daji.

duwatsun Bashkiria

The main janye daga Bashkortostan - shi ne ta m duwãtsu. Ga su ne babbar dutsen Kudancin Urals - Yunƙurin na biyu vertices Yamantau daga wanda da yawa na gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu saukar. Wani rare dutsen - alfarma Iremal, hawa a kan cewa har cikin karni na 19th, shi ne tsananin haramta. Mountain Premel - uwar biyu koguna, wanka a cikin abin da za a iya cajin da gagarumar ƙarfi na dogon shekara ta gaba.

Akwai Legends game da bayyanar da duwãtsu Jurack Tau, Kush-Tau, Shakh-Tau kuma Tra-Tau. An yi imani da cewa da yawa da suka wuce tagulla doki Ghaxaq ya cikin soyayya tare da 'yar tsohon Ural, Agidel kyakkyawa. Ya yi kokarin jawo hankalin hankalin 'yan mata, amma ya ji ba juna. Sat Ghaxaq sa'an nan ya doki da kuma kore bayan masõyansa. Bayan fyauce, ya buga ta da bulala mai harsuna cewa fushi tsohon mutum Urals. Ya juya, ya 'yar cikin azumi kogin, Ghaxaq kuma ba zai iya kama da fitina Agidel - Ruwa gudana ta yatsunsu.

Ya yanke shawarar aika da yarinya mai shaho, amma ya bai isar. All gane Ghaxaq, ya fizge daga cikin ƙirjinka nasu zuciya, jefa a ƙafa na masõyansa. Ta shãfe shi, amma ya koma zuwa ga surar mutum da kuma iya ba. Yanzu a fage ne hudu Sheehan - Jurack Tau (zuciya), Kush-Tau (tsuntsu), Shah-Tau (Ghaxaq) da kuma Tra-Tau (dutsen kabilar Bashkirs).

kogi

Rivers, kazalika da duwãtsu, ne girman kai mai girma a jamhuriyar. The most kuma mafi iko kogin na Bashkiria - White. Yana gudana, shi meanders a kan PREDURALIE kuma tare da Shefela. Its aikin gandu - kõguna Nugush, Sim, Ufa da Dema. A watan Nuwamba, bayan da tsanani frosts, da kogin hanzari ledeneyut. Bayan watanni 5, da suka hankali thawed.

A cikin yankunan da gandun daji da kuma matakan zai iya ƙidaya mai girma yawan tabkuna na daban-daban size. Su ne m, amma ba zurfi, da kuma masu yawa daga cikinsu overgrown tare da kyauro, fadama cinquefoil da sauran ciyayi. daban-daban tabkuna - sabo ne, salted, amma sun kasance duk da kyau a su individuality.

Nature reserves

Mafi yawa daga cikin yankin da aka mamaye Bashkiria m yanayi reserves.

• Jihar Reserve. Located a kan iyakar deciduous kuma Birch gandun daji, located kusa da trans-Ural matakan. Flora da fauna sosai arziki, shi ne gida biyu dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma manyan dabbobi masu cin nama. Reserve ma'aikata saka idanu da kiyayewa da kiwo na dabbobi da tsuntsaye, da yawa na wanda za a iya samu a cikin Red Littãfi.
• Shulgan-Tash. A cikin Rasha Federation babu analogues na wannan wuri - da ajiye an kare da kuma karatu daji kudan zuma itace m. Suna iya canjawa wuri sanyi da kuma resistant zuwa cututtuka, kuma su mafi girma yawan aiki muhimmanci. Har ila yau a cikin ajiye kare rare tsuntsaye.
• Bashkir National Park. Cike da m jinsunan shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Yawon bude ido suna da damar tafiya da muhalli hanya (musamman tsara hanyoyin).

zamani Bashkiria

Bashkortostan - daya daga cikin mafi tattalin arziki barga yankuna na Rasha Federation. Jamhuriyar yana da wani cigaba masana'antu, da kuma babban birnin kasar shi ne manufa domin kasuwanci (bisa ga Forbes rated). Cost na rayuwa a Bashkiria aka kafa ta gwamnati a cikin adadin 8691 rubles da capita. Domin aiki - 9205, domin fansho - 7061, yara - 8856.

A filayen na horar da amfanin gona da kuma masana'antu albarkatun gona a gonaki - tumaki, da dawaki da kuma kaji. Popularly ulu samar da beekeeping. ci gaba na man fetur refining a kasar, aikin injiniya da kuma metalworking. Bashkiria masana'antu tsunduma a woodworking da kuma samar da gine kayan.

A cikin ƙasa na Jamhuriyar akwai shekarar 1644 pre-makaranta cibiyoyin, 1587 makarantu da kuma 10 makarantun gwamnati.

Travel

Tourism - daya daga cikin manyan yankunan da rayuwa a Bashkortostan. shi ne sau da yawa kira na biyu Switzerland saboda bambancin da albarkatun kasa. Za a kan tafiya, za ka iya tabbata: a nan za a iya bayar da ku daban-daban zaɓuɓɓuka saboda hutu a sanatoriums da mura. Za ka iya daina a kan yawon shakatawa cibiyoyin, a dadi hotels ko kasafin kudin hostels.

Bashkortostan Jamhuriyar yayi ya dauki amfani da yawa yin yawo en. Ka zabi - daruruwan rani da kuma hunturu bas yawon shakatawa, ciki har da masu wucewa ta cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma reserves. Ga masoya na hawan doki, rafting a kan catamarans ko kayaks akwai ma fun. Za ka iya ajiyan ski ko keke yawon shakatawa, snowmobile safaris, trekking, speleotury ko sauki yawon shakatawa tafiya.

Ufa - babban birnin kasar Bashkiria

Ufa aka located a tsakiyar Bashkiria, a mahaɗar tsakãninsu uku da manyan koguna. A tarihin birnin Dates baya ga 1574 - lokacin da Ufa shi ne na farko Rasha sansanin soja. A hankali mikawa da tasiri a duk fadin kasar, a sansanin soja don kiyaye tsaro da daidai da kai hare-hare na makiya.

A birni na bude ga baƙi da yawa sinimomi, inda za ka iya ganin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma comedy, wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da kuma rawa, watch yar tsana show. Yawon bude ido za su iya ciyar da lokaci a cikin kasa art gidajen tarihi na birnin, kazalika a dubi addini Monuments da su je wani zamani cinema.

Ufa - mai kyau sosai, kuma picturesque gari. Tare da gefuna da busiest hanyõyi, a ko da layuka ne lemun tsami, poplar da Maple itatuwa. Houses an maye gurbinsu da Parks, da kuma wuraren shakatawa - gidaje. Babban haskaka daga cikin birni - ra'ayoyi a hayin Kogin Yufiretis Vistas. Su ne samuwa har zuwa tsirara ido: nesa za ka iya ganin kore floodplain, pours masu lankwasa da tabkuna da koguna da cewa tafi sannu a hankali a cikin sararin sama. Daya iya ganin kadan kara zagaye tuddai, ya rufe tare da haske kore. A yamma - wani marmari Demos kogin kwarin da creeks, dazuzzuka da kuma rairayin bakin teku - a fi so hutu tabo na mazaunan birnin.

Shugaban na jamhuriyar

A 2014, a karo na biyu, ya kuma an zabe Rustem Zakievich Hamitov. Da siyasa aiki ya fara tare da nada a matsayin shugaban Hukumar kula da muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi, sa'an nan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darektan Cibiyar, kuma ya zama ministan muhalli a shekarar 1994 yanayi. Bãya gare shi - shekaru masu yawa na aiki a Moe tsarin. A 2010, tsohon shugaban kasar na Bashkortostan Murtaza Rakhimov murabus. Rustem Khamitov aka nada a wurin Dmitriem Medvedevym. Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa da Jamhuriyar wajen goyon bayan takarar. Yuli 15, 2010 Rustem Zakievich Hamitov hukumance fara aiki a kan wannan alhakin post.

Khamitov matasa koyar sa a soyayya na wasanni, masu tasowa, dangantakar kasa da kasa. Shugaban Bashkortostan tafiya a fadin kasar, shi ne rayayye da hannu a duk ta rayuwa.

Ethnic abinci

• Bishbarmak - Boiled naman doki ko ɗan rago, yanyanke. Kamar yadda wani gefen tasa - da noodles tare da broth daga nama.
• Bushe tsiran sanya daga naman doki.
• Zaki da kuma m cuku (takaice).
• Berry alewa.
• Mare ta madara - madara sha, wanda aka sanya daga Mare ta madara. M iyawa koumiss amfanin mai daraja a duk duniya.
• Shindy - tushen abin sha hatsi tsirar da hatsin rai ko sha'ir.
• Airan - m madara diluted da ruwa. Perfect mataimakin a yaki da ƙishirwa.

gargajiya tufafi

A dogon shirt da abin wuya da kuma a takaice sleeveless jacket (kamzul), sawa a saman - tushen da namiji kasa kaya. Dumi sheepskin fata, ko dumi hunturu gashi (Gilles). A kan ƙafãfu - takalma tare da zane tibia da kuma taushi iyakar fata (Saryk) da kuma hannun da aka yi da fata takalma (Kata). The matalauta ya sa sandals. A kai za a iya sa a kan wani skullcap, kuma a saman - a hula na Otter ko dabbar beaver.

Mata Clothing - m, dogon idon-tsawon dress, embroidered a kan kalmasa na launin qwarai. The haske fita saka saman gaba-gaba arziki kõre da mai walƙiya, kuma falmaran, trimmed a gefuna tinsel. Kamar yadda m tufafi amfani gowns, qawata da buckles da beads, a cikin hunturu - a Jawo gashi. Headgear - gyale calico da Jawo hat. Takalma kamar maza: Saryk da kõre da mai walƙiya, Kata da sheqa. Girls daga m iyalan sa da dama kayan ado: zobba, necklaces, mundaye, da 'yan kunne, rataye.

A halin yanzu za ka iya ganin gargajiya kayayyaki a cikin tsofaffi ko a cikin bikin, kazalika da yi na jama'a raye-raye da kuma songs.

kauri events

• Rana Bashkiria hade da tallafi na jawabi na Jihar mulkin Jamhuriyar. An yi bikin a ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba.
• Kundin Tsarin Mulki Day - Disamba 24.
• Eid al-Fitr - bikin bisa ga Lunar kalanda. Celebration girmama na karshen azumi watan Ramadan.
• Eid al-Adha - kamar yadda baya hutu a Bashkortostan, nada daga cikin Lunar kalanda. Yana da wani Musulunci festival bikin zuwa ambaci hadayar Annabi Ibrahim.
• Sabantuy. wani lokaci na bikin kafa da gwamnatin doka. Aka girmama na karshen spring filin aiki.
• Salauat yyyyny - wani biki a Bashkortostan, da Republican almara festival a cikin girmamawa Salavat Yulayev.

Places daraja ziyartar

Kekunan a Ufa? Ziyarci abin tunawa ga Bashkir gine - kabarin na Hussein-Beck da kuma Keshene (a cikin "gidan na lalace" translation). Located 40 kilomita daga babban birnin kasar, lokacin da suka yi - 11th da 13th karni bi da bi.

The ajiye Shulgan-Tash wuce ta Kapova kogo (dama banki na White). Samun uku benaye total tsawon 1.8 kilomita, shi ne wani gagarumin landmark ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi. The National Park "Bashkiria" ne na halitta gada Kuperlya. Mutane da yawa da suka wuce, da kogin kutsa wani boye tashar, kafa manyan kogo, wanda ya rushe tare da lokaci da halitta mai aiki na gwaninta - ta bangare ya ci gaba da rataya kan kogin matsayin wata gada.

Birsk za ka iya koyi duk game da jama'a crafts na 'yan asalin mutanen Bashkortostan. Akwai ma'aikata na art kayayyakin, wanda ya fitar tsarabobi daga capo-tushen (girma a kan tushen da kututturan Birch) da kuma daban-daban kumar kasko.

Jamhuriyar alfahari da yawa al'adu Monuments da shafukan, wanda ba kamar yadda irin wannan - su ne kawai da kyau sosai. Guests son zuwa ziyarci Bashkortostan Ufa Filato a wani wuri (nisa da tushe Ufa River). A view yake cikakke: azumi kogin, firam ta kore gandun daji, kogwanni da sinkholes, doke kafofin - daga duk wannan shi ne breathtaking!

Nature Bashkir burge tare da musamman kuma inexplicable kyakkyawa. A kalmomi, ba shi yiwuwa a bayyana duk da ban mamaki wuri, amma ba za ka iya ganin su da rai. Lokacin da shirin tafiya, tabbata ga tunanin Bashkortostan - mai ban mamaki yankin tare da wani arziki yanayi.