Ƙarfe hydrogen

Ƙarfe hydrogen, wanda shi ne a karkashin matsin lamba na game da hudu da rabi miliyan atmospheres, na iya samun mafi m sauyin da zazzabi a cikin kewayon high zazzabi conductors. Bisa ga na farko lissafin, Italo-Jamus masana kimiyya msar tambayar kimiyyar lissafi, da m zafin jiki na da kashi ne daidai to 242 K (debe talatin da daya digiri Celsius).

Hydrogen gas da aka liquefied a zazzabi na 20 C. Idan zafin jiki ne har yanzu ƙananan a 6 K, shi za a iya tuba a cikin m jihar rabi. Hanington Wigner da kuma a 1935 zaci samar da hydrogen a wani dakin gwaje-gwaje. A cewar su, da shi ya zama dole in yi amfani da babban matsin - game da 25 GPA (GPA ne kamar daidai ne da wanda goma dubban atmospheres). Saboda haka, a karkashin babban matsin memba jũya a cikin wani isotope na hydrogen - a dielectric kashi conductive. Ya kamata a lura da cewa gas a cikin na farko a jihar yana conductive Properties. Kazalika da karafa, kashi gudanar da wutar lantarki, yayin da shi ba ta kasance a cikin m jihar. A wasu kalmomin, hydrogen iya zama wani ruwa da kuma ciwon ƙarfe Properties.

A shekarar 1971, ya zo da littafin aiki na Soviet masana kimiyya da kuma theorists karkashin jagorancin Kagan. lissafin kimiyya kungiyar ya tabbatar da cewa ƙarfe hydrogen iya zama metastable. Wannan yana nufin cewa bayan da lõkacin fatara daga daukan hotuna zuwa dagagge matsa lamba kashi ba ya motsa zuwa na ainihi jihar - gas, wanda yana da dielectric Properties. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne har yanzu babu tabbas ko wannan mataki ne isasshe tsawon zuwa da lokacin yin amfani da karfe hydrogen.

A farko nasara a gwajin shirin da aka shirya a shekarar 1975, da shekara a watan Fabrairu. A tawagar masana kimiyya jagorancin Vereshchagin halitta ƙarfe hydrogen. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar zazzabi 4.2 K a bakin ciki Layer kashi yin amfani da lu'u-lu'u anvils kuma ya hõre su matsa lamba effects tsari na 300 GPA lura rage lantarki juriya da gas a miliyoyin sau. Wannan ya nuna miƙa mulki na hydrogen a cikin ƙarfe jihar.

Domin babban matsin lu'u-lu'u maƙera amfani. Yana da aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na biyu wucin gadi lu'u-lu'u tipped guga man da juna ta wajen wani latsa. A sakamakon haka, da yanke, da diamita - da oda na 'yan tenths na wani millimeter, kafa da ake buƙata matsa lamba. A wannan shafin an sanyaya samfurin a cikin cell. A samfurin a cikin wannan wuri ne Fed kayan aiki: dada thermocouples, wayoyin da sauran aunawa na'urorin.

A mataki na gaba a cikin aikin da masana kimiyya ya gano yiwuwar wani m miƙa mulki ga superconducting jihar na karfe. Da farko Tambayi wannan matsala Neil Ashcroft. Sharhi annabta cewa ƙarfe hydrogen zai zama "m" Properties lokacin da fallasa su high yanayin zafi sama da 200 K.

In mun gwada kwanan nan da aka buga aiki na Jamus da kuma Italiyanci kimiyyar lissafi. A mawallafa da'awar cewa ta electron-phonon inji samuwar Cooper nau'i-nau'i cimma rikodin index m zazzabi - 242 K. Da wannan, duk da haka, wajibi ne kuma daukan hotuna zuwa high matsa lamba - game da 450 GPA, kuma wannan, bi da bi, na hudu da rabi miliyan sau da yanayi matsa lamba.

Lokacin da kafa da electron-phonon Cooper nau'i-nau'i a gare motsi a wani lokaci-lokaci raga a cikin electron jawo gaba guntu ions, lallai cajin. Kamar wancan akwai wani kadan nakasawa daga cikin raga, da kuma na wani dan gajeren lokaci qara taro na tabbatacce cajin. By kara maida hankali da sauran electron ne janyo hankalin. Saboda haka da biyu electrons suna janyo hankalin. A wani nonzero zafin jiki da canji na ions game da ma'auni jihohi. Phonons - kamfani mai suna Quanta wannan data hawa da sauka.