Ƙayyade nau'in: "Lefty" - bala'i ko labari?

Nikolai Semenovich Leskov ya rayu kuma ya mutu marubuci marar ganewa kuma marar ganewa. Ya wallafa wallafe-wallafen ba shi da kyau. Gwaninta mai mahimmanci, wanda shi kansa ya san, kuma kusa da shi - cikakken kin amincewa da masu sukar layi da hagu. Sun halitta a cikin karatun ra'ayin jama'a game da NS. Leskov a matsayin marubucin kadan muhimmanci.

Ayyukan Litattafai (gajeren)

Da farko N. Leskov an wallafa a Otechestvennye Zapiski, a cikin babban jarida, wanda aka buga kusan 70 da suka wuce. A karkashin jagorancin AA. Kundin Kraevskogo ya karbi matsakaici na yammacin Turai, kuma daga bisani, lokacin da kamfanin NA yake. Nekrasov da M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin wani juyin juya halin dimokuradiyya ne. Leskov ba su yarda da matuƙa ba, kuma masu sukar dukkan ragali sun doke shi a hagu da dama. Hagu, bayan wallafe-wallafen "Babu inda", wanda aka kwatanta da abubuwan da suka shafi NESkov. Masu 'yan kwalliya (AA Katkov) bayan wallafe-wallafen "A kan wukake" sun bukaci karin dacewa ga bukatun su. A N.S. Leskov sun so suyi aiki kyauta, ba tare da umarni ba. Ba zai so kowa ba. Kuma an wallafa shi ta ƙananan ƙididdiga masu ban mamaki. Marubucin ya mutu a hannun ɗansa cikin cikakkiyar kulluwa. L. Tolstoy ya kira shi "mafi yawan Rashanci marubutanmu," amma wannan bayan mutuwar N. Leskov. A shekara ta 1881, wani ɗan gajeren labari ya janyo hankalin dan marubuci har zuwa wani lokaci. Ta na da nau'i mai ban mamaki. "Lefty" yana cike da irin wannan rinjaye na kalmar da aka karɓa tare da sanyaya, idan ba tare da rudani ba.

Tarihin halittar aikin

A 1881, wasu batutuwa guda uku na mujallar "Rus" sun wallafa wani sabon littafi daga marubucin. Kuma a shekara ta 1882 - wani littafi dabam bayan bayanan sake dubawa. An wanke da kuma ainihin, amma nau'in bai canza ba. "Lefty" - aiki na mai ban tausayi. Wannan shine abin da za mu yi la'akari a wannan labarin. Ayyukan suna tare da barci da barci, suna karkatar da kalmomi, amma wannan nau'i ne na al'ada. "Lefty" labari ne da N. Leskov ya ji daga wani tsohon bindigogi, dan ƙasar Tula, a Sestroretsk. Inda aka samu fable game da gasar shugabannin mu da Turanci, ba a sani ba. Amma, a fili, ta bar ko dai daga Tula, ko daga Izhma, ko daga Sestroretsk. A kowane hali, labaru ('yan kallo) "Lefty" yana sanya' yan kasashen waje da basirarsu. Wannan shi ne girman kai na rukuni na Rasha. A cikin wannan labarin, daya daga cikin dalilan da aka sace mu a cikin War Crimean yana bayyana.

Tarihin mutane

Labarin "Lefty" jinsi yana da ainihin asali. Abinda yake da shi shine cewa ba a koyaushe ko wane irin mutumin yake ba. Amma daga farkon harshe an fentin shi sosai. Wannan yana da kyau ga Leskov a general. Harshensa a cikin dukkan ayyuka yana da mutunci kuma yana saƙa da sihiri na kalmomi. A cikin "Lefty" saboda makircin da aka yi amfani dashi, ana zane shi da takaici da bala'i. Marubucin, kamar yadda masu karatu ke tunani, ya gaya mana labarin mutane. Kusan kusan shekaru talatin da tayi ta jita-jita da jita-jita da hasashe. Har ila yau mawallafin ya fada cewa a baya babu wanda ya san Levsha (ainihin halin da ayyukansa) cewa wannan shi ne gaba daya. Irin wannan matsala ya zama dole, saboda haka marubucin ya kasance, kamar yadda yake, ba a cikin labarin "Lefty" ba. Yanayin aikin da ake buƙatar wannan tsarin.

Ziyarci Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I zuwa Ingila

Surori uku na farko sun bayyana yadda sarki, bayan majalisa na Vienna, ya ziyarci ƙasashen waje, tare da wani dan kasa na gaskiya, ataman na Don Cossacks Platov. Birtaniya ta yi ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa sun kasance masu daraja ga mutanen Rasha a cikin komai. A cikin kunstkamera, Birtaniya ya nuna matakan soja daban. Mafi mahimmanci shi ne gungun wani mashawar marar sani. Alexander duk abin mamaki da mamaki. Platov ya fitar da wani mashiyi, ya kunna kulle a cikin bindiga, kuma a ƙarƙashinsa ya ajiye rubutun da wani mashahuriyar Rasha ya yi a Tula. Birnin Birtaniya sunyi kunya sosai kuma ya nuna kullun da ya yi rawa a cikin wani karami. Tsar ya sayo shi don kudi mai yawa, kuma Platov yayi fushi ƙwarai a zuciya. Don haka fara labarin Leskov. "Lefty," wanda nau'in ya riga ya ƙaddara ta hanyar maganganun magana, zai ci gaba da aiki a Rasha.

Ta yaya ƙugiya ta shiga Tula, sa'an nan kuma zuwa St. Petersburg

Long ko gudu gajeren lokaci, amma kawo Ataman Platov gwanjo Tula, kuma ya umarci mafi kere sana'a don fi da ikon na Birtaniya. Platov ya tafi Don, kuma a kan hanyar dawo da shawarar karba abin da masu sana'a zasu yi. Yayin da suke addu'a, sun shiga kasuwancin da ke cikin asiri. Sai dai kawai an ji yadda aka katse mallets. Komawa daga Don, Platov ya ɗauki akwati tare da ƙuma. Ya ga cewa ta kasance daidai da ita. A ataman ya fushi kuma ya ɗauki tare da shi da ƙaddamarwa Lefty. Tsar Nikolai Pavlovich ya jarraba shi a cikin ƙananan sikelin kuma ya ga cewa kawai kwance da kuma motsa shi antennae. Jajje don whirlwinds Lefty, kuma ya bayyana cewa ƙyallen dole ne duba cikin melkoscope mafi ƙarfi. Na dubi Nikolay Pavlovich kuma na ga dawakai a kowane ƙafar ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya rungumi mai sana'a, ya sumbace shi kuma ya yi umurni a aika shi Ingila. Idan ka tambaye: "labarin" Lefty "ne mai Genre", amsar shi ne cewa style of wannan labarin. A gaskiya, aikin mashawarci an kammala shi da kyau, amma babu ma'ana. Wannan wata fasaha ce ta skaz, wanda kuma yana da nauyin kalmomi masu ban mamaki.

A Ingila kuma a St. Petersburg

A Birnin London, yayi nazari da ƙyallen kuma ya rubuta game da shi ƙiren ƙarya (haɗin kalmomi guda biyu: zane-zane da ƙiren ƙarya). Sai suka fara tayar da Lefty su zauna, amma shi bayan ya gwada masana'antun makamai, yana sha'awar gida. A kan jirgin Lefty da mai karkashin jagorancin suka shirya gasar - wanda za su sha da su, kuma lokacin da jirgin ya isa tashar St. Petersburg, sai aka kai Lefty ya shiga ofishin 'yan sanda, sa'an nan kuma, a cikin sanyi, aka kwace shi zuwa asibitin ga mafi talauci. Lokacin da Lefty ke mutuwa, kalmominsa na ƙarshe sune: "Ka gaya wa Sarkin sarakuna cewa ba a tsaftace bindigogi da tubalin ba. Ba su dace da harbi daga wannan ba. " Da waɗannan kalmomi, ya mutu. Kuma ba a kawo maganganunsa ga tsar ba - babu wani abu a hannun hagu don tsoma baki cikin harkokin gwamnati.

N. Leskov ya ƙare labarinsa da kalmomin cewa kada wanda ya manta da irin waɗannan hadisai, wanda ruhun kasa ya fahimta sosai. Lubkov labarin da aka fada da Leskov ("Lefty"). Nau'in aikin marubuci An kira shi da labari. Yana da kyau sosai, amma yana da wata matsala mai tsanani, ƙauna da juyayi, da kuma wasu abubuwa masu yawa wanda masanin kalmar N.S. Leskov.