M. I. Platov Ataman: biography, zuriyar da Cossacks Ataman Platova Matveya Ivanovicha

Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa Figures na War of 1812 ne Matvei Platov - Ataman na Don Cossack sojojin. Ya kasance mutum quite na ƙwarai kuma ban sha'awa. Bugu da kari a yakin duniya na II, da yawa wasu fadace-fadace halarci Ataman Platov. A biography wannan mutumin zai zama batun mu tattaunawa.

matasa

Future Ataman Matvey Ivanovich Platov aka haife shi a Agusta 1751 a Cherkassk, wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne babban birnin kasar na Don Cossacks. Mahaifinsa, Ivan, mallakar dukiya na Cossack jami'an, da kuma mahaifiyarsa, Anna Illarionovna (b. 1733), mai aminci abokin rayuwa ga mijinta.

Bugu da kari Matiyu, da iyali da uku mafi yara, duk namiji: Andrew, Stephen da Bitrus.

A irin ayyukan da za su zabi hanyar nan gaba Ataman M. I. Platov, babu shakka. Hakika, ɗan wata Cossack iya zama wani Cossack.

A shekaru na goma sha biyar, da Matiyu shiga cikin ofishin na Don Cossacks, yayin da ciwon da daraja na saja. Bayan shekaru uku da ya karbi wadannan suna - Cossack kyaftin.

Platov ya riga ya kafa kansa a matsayin mutumin da alhakin dace da duk wani kasuwanci.

A fagen yaƙi

Future Ataman Matvei Platov dauki bangare a cikin Rasha-Turkish yaki na 1768-1774. A 1771 ya halarci hari a kan Perekop line kuma Kinburn, wanda ya sha da kyau. A shekara daga baya ya wakkala umurnin a rajimanti na Don Cossacks. A 1774, Matvei tafi zuwa ga Caucasus Front, inda ya halarci a cikin danniya na haddin shari'a cikin Kuban Highlanders da ke goyon bayan Ottoman Empire.

Bayan kammala Rasha-Turkish yaki a 1775, M. Platov dauki bangare a suppressing tawayen Pugachev. Tun daga nan ya koma zuwa ga Arewa Caucasus, inda a 1782-1784 shekaru fada da 'yan tawayen Lezgins, Nogais da Chechens.

Wadannan Rasha-Turkish yaki (1787-1791 biennium). The jirgin ma ya dauki mafi aiki. Tare da sa hannu aka storming birãnensu kamar yadda Ochakov (1788), Ackerman (1789), Bender (1789), da Isma'ilu (1790). A 1789, kuma suka yi jihãdi a cikin Rasha sojojin a cikin yaƙin game Causeni.

Ya exploits a filin wasa na Martial ya ba su tafi ba a gane shi. Tun 1790 Platov - Ataman Chuguevsky da Ekaterinoslav rajimanti, da kuma a 1793 samu daraja da Manjo Janar.

A 1796, Matvei halarci cikin Persian yaƙin neman zaɓe, wanda, duk da haka, an nan da sannu soke.

wulãkanci

Ba shi kadai farin ciki san M. I. Platov. Ataman aka ake zargin na Sarkin sarakuna Paul a cikin kaidi da shi da kuma gudun hijira zuwa Kostroma. Wannan ya faru a 1797. Wani lokaci daga baya ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga sansanin soja, wanda nufi wani ma fi girma ƙarin tsanani na laifi.

Opal Platov dade har 1801, lokacin da Paul ya ƙudura zai sake shi daga kurkuku zuwa Ataman halarci game Indian yaƙin neman zaɓe. Duk da haka, da adventurousness wannan shirin, kazalika da Sarkin sarakuna ta mutuwa ba da damar a gudanar da wani shiri.

A shugaban Don Cossacks

Dan Paul Alexander I, wanda yake da Rasha Sarkin sarakuna, patronized Matvei bayan rasuwar tsohonsa. Tun 1801 Platov - Ataman na Don Cossacks. Wannan na nufi cewa daga wannan lokacin da ya zama shugaban dukan na Don Cossacks. Bugu da kari, Matvei aka ciyar da su Laftanar Janar.

A sabon matsayi bayar da wani ma fi girma matakin da alhakin a gaban sarki da kuma jiha. Hakika, da nauyin alhakin iya murkushe wani mutum, amma ba wani mutum da aka biya. Ataman na Don Cossacks ya sake tsarafa tsarin wanda ya zuwa yanzu ya kasance quite tarwatsewa. Bugu da kari, a 1805 Platov kafa wani sabon babban birnin kasar na Don Cossacks - Novocherkassk.

The yaki da Napoleon

Cossack Ataman Platov, karkashin jagorancin shugabansu, ya dauki bangare a cikin War na hudu hadin gwiwa da Napoleon. A yãƙi ya faru, yafi a cikin ƙasa na Mulkin Prussia.

Platov kaina ya umarci sojojin a Battle of Eylau, bayan wanda tsiwirwirinsu duniya daraja. Ya Cossacks yi uncharacteristically ga fadace-fadace na zamani fiye da a fi mayar gagare makiya. Su yi amfani da yaƙin dabara na yaki, yin sauri da hare-hare a kan makiya sãshinansu da taya babba lalacewar.

Bayan shiga cikin Tilsit yarjejeniya tsakanin Rasha da kuma Faransa a 1807, Napoleon da kaina biya haraji ga Platov. Ya mika shi mai muhimmanci snuffbox. Har ila yau, Tuli na karimci, ya za a girmama su biya. Ataman ƙi wannan girmamawa, ambatawa da cewa shi ba zai iya zama a matsayin waje sarki.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci kamfanoni na zamani ya kamata ambaci Rasha-Turkish yaki na 1806-1812, a cikin abin da Platov Cossack detachment sarrafa nasara. Sa'an nan, ya samu wani sabon daraja - Janar na sojojin doki.

Duniya yaki II

Amma mafi girma lamba a kan biography na Platov bar Patriotic War of 1812 , tare da Napoleon.

A farkon da Napoleonic mamayewa biya kai tsaye umarci dukan Cossack sojojin, amma sai halin da ake ciki tilasta masa ya kai ga hari. Kamar yadda a baya yaƙi da Napoleon, da ayyuka na Cossacks Platov saboda ta suddenness kawo matsaloli da yawa da abokan gaba. Yana Platov sojojin gudanar ya kama Faransa kanar, da kuma kama muhimmanci takardunku na Janar Sebastiani.

A farko nasara yaƙi da Napoleonic sojojin Platov gudanar a watan Yuni a kusa da kauyen na Mir, wanda ya barke da detachment Janar Rozhnetskogo. Bayan yakin Saltykovka Cossacks ya rufe ritaya Janar Bagration, bayan yakin Smolensk, Platov dauki kan umurnin da kwanto dukkan sojojin Rasha, wanda ya ci gaba da koma baya.

Amma nan da nan da halin da ake ciki ya canza. A watan Agusta, a request na sarki-Cif Barclay de Tolley, Platov aka fitar daga cikin sojojin. Kamar yadda takardun gwamnati, domin "zargin almubazzarancin". Amma, bisa ga iko kafofin, da Babban dalilin sallama Platov aiki a matsayin kokarin craving for barasa.

Duk da haka, Platov zarar koma kuma halarci yakin Borodino, kazalika a cikin majalisa a Fili. Kuma a wannan taro, ya saɓa wa mãsu bãyar da bãya daga Moscow.

Lokacin da Napoleon ta sojojin fara janye daga Rasha, wato Platov jagoranci ta bi. Kamar yadda management ya yi ĩmãni da hannu raka'a iya ji ciwo iyakar lalacewar da abokan gaba.

Ministan harkokin wajen yakin neman zabe da kuma siffar na Cossacks a cikin al'adar Turai

Platov ta sojojin, da lokacin abin yabo samu title of count, daga farko zuwa sun tsallaka kan iyaka na Rasha Empire a cikin Neman kuma ya fara bi Napoleon ta sojojin riga wajen kasar. Sun fara da kewaye na Danzig, wanda yake zaune Janar MacDonald.

Bayan Ataman M. Platov yafi located a hedkwatar Sarkin sarakuna, amma Cossack sojojin ya ci gaba da aiki kamar yadda ya kamata a bi da makiya. Wani lokaci Matvei aka sanya wa umarce mutum raka'a. A takaice, ya jagoranci wani rabo a cikin yakin Leipzig, Kwafa da Battle of al'ummai.

Cossack raka'a wuce duk na Turai, a cikin France, inda Napoleon hannu da sallama. Cossacks Platov su bayyanar, kazalika da ƙananan matakin na horo fiye da raka'a na yau da kullum da sojojin, firgita ba kawai a kan sojojin abokan gaba, amma kuma ya talakawa Turawa. Bayan wannan yakin image na Rasha Cossack zama archetypal a al'adar Turai.

mutuwa ataman

Matvey Platov mutu a watan Janairu 1818, a kauyen a Taganrog, a kan ƙasar haihuwarmu daga Don, a cikin shekaru 66 da shekaru. Saboda haka shi ba ya zama daya daga cikin mafi m Figures a cikin tarihi na Don Cossacks.

Platov aka asali binne shi a Novocherkassk, amma sai suka bi da jerin sake binne. Ataman Kabari lalatashi da Bolsheviks. Daga bisani, a shekarar 1993, ragowar Matveya Platova aka binne shi a wannan wuri.

Family da kuma jikokin

Matvei Platov aka aure sau biyu. A farko aure ya hada da Nadezhda Stepanovna Ifraimu, wanda lissafta jikanyar Ataman na Don Cossacks. A wannan aure, a 1777 ta sami ɗa, Ivan, wanda, duk da haka, ya rasu a farkon 1806, tun kafin mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jim kadan bayan haihuwar danta a 1783, ya kuma rasu Nadezhda Stepanovna.

Biyu aure dress hadawa Marfa Dmitrievna Martynova, wanda shi ma ya kasance na biyu aure. Ta ma ya zo daga wani Cossack Hetman irin. Su 'ya'ya biyu (Matta da Yahaya) da' ya'ya hudu mata (Martha, Anna, Maria, Alexandra).

Marta D. mutu a marigayi 1812. Bayan da cewa M. Platov zauna a ƙungiyoyin aure tare da Elizabeth bada kai Burtaniya sarki.

Ataman Platov zuriyar ta hanyar 'ya'yansa maza Matiyu kuma Ivan da lakabi na count.

halaye ataman

Ataman Platov wani kyawawan ban sha'awa mutum, wanda ya ba mai yawa kokarin da sabis na motherland. Ya jaruntakar lalle wani misali domin yara. Har ila yau, yana da wuya a overestimate da taimako na Matvey Ivanovich a cikin samuwar sababbu Don Cossacks gaske iko fada da karfi, m abokan gaba.

Hakika, kamar wani mutum, da almara da jigo da ta drawbacks. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, za a iya dauke wuce kima jaraba ga barasa. Duk da haka, ya m halaye sun fi mayar da rinjãya a kan lahani.

Kamar yadda ka gani, daya daga cikin mafi shahararren Figures ya lokaci alama Ataman Platov. Photo, da rashin alheri, ba su da samuwa, tun farkon da XIX karni, ma'adanin na daukar hoto da aka ba tukuna aka sani zuwa ga duniya. Duk da haka, akwai da dama da yawan hotuna, cike da talented artists cewa muna da damar da za su kalla da image na girma shugaban.

Wata irin wannan aiki shi ne wani posthumous hoto Platov ta shahara English artist George Dawe a lokacin. Wannan hoto ne a sama. Kuna hukunta da waje fasali na mutum imprinted a kan shi, Ataman Platov wani karfi da kuma karfi da-so mutum. Godiya ga irin ayyukan, za mu iya ganin abin da suke mafi girma a tarihi Figures na baya ƙarni.