A bincike na waka "Mutuwa na wani mawãƙi" daga alkalami na HU Lermontov

Lermontov - mai girma Rasha mawãƙi, marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma mawallafin, da aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya saboda ta m aiki, wadãtar da Rasha al'adu. A gargajiya adabi, Rasha Lermontov ãdalci mukamansu na biyu bayan Pushkin.

Wadannan biyu sanannun sunan nasaba da ba ya ganuwa thread, domin shi ne mai ban tausayi mutuwa na Pushkin, wanda ya mutu a 1837 daga mai rauni a duel, ya yi aiki a matsayin unwitting hanyar mafitar taurari na poetic Lermontov, da farko ya zama ya shahara akan waka "A mutuwar mawãƙi ne."

Analysis na waka Lermontov ta "Mutuwa wani mawãƙi" ya bada abinci ga tunani. Wannan waka, a cikin hanyar a cikin abin da muka sani shi - wanda kunshi sassa uku (kashi na farko - daga 1 zuwa 56 stanza, kashi na biyu - daga 56 aya 72, da kuma epigraph), samu ta karshe form a lokaci daya. The sosai farko edition na waka da aka kwanan rana da 28th of Janairu, 1837 (wata rana kafin rasuwar Pushkin) da kuma kunshi kashi na farko kawo karshen tare da ayar "kuma a bakinsa print."

Wadannan 56 ayoyi kashi na farko, bi da bi, aka conventionally kasu kashi biyu gwada da m gutsure, kowa jigo kuma tausaya wallafe-wallafe. A bincike na waka "Mutuwa na wani mawãƙi" ya nuna bambance-bambance da wadannan taragutsan: na farko 33 stanzas rubuta tsauri trehstopnym pentameter da kuma tafasar zãlunci; kan mutuwa da mawãƙi wadai ba a ban tausayi hadari a ta, da kuma kisan kai, a cikin hanyar wanda shi ne sanyi rashin tunani na "komai zuciya" wadanda mutane al'umma, rashin fahimtar da kuma tofin Allah tsine daga cikin 'yanci-m m ruhu na mawãƙi Pushkin.

Ta hanyar kara bincike na waka "Mutuwa na wani mawãƙi", za mu ga cewa kashi na biyu na farko gutsure kunshi wadannan 23 ayoyi, daban-daban daga na farko canji na mita zuwa iambic tetrameter. Har ila yau, canza labari thread tare da muhawara game da musabbabin mutuwar a kai tsaye la'anta daga high jama'a da kuma duk membobinta - "banza yanke." Marubucin ba ji tsoron ya jefa a cikin kalmomi A.V.Druzhinina "baƙin ƙarfe ayar" a tagullar fuskar waɗanda ba su yi shakka sunã izgili da alfarma memory na babban waƙen da mutum, kamar yadda ya nuna mana wani cikakken bincike na waka. "Mutuwa na wani mawãƙi" Lermontov rubuta, ba tare da damuwa game da sakamakon, wadda a kanta ne riga mai feat. Yin bincike na da waka "Mutuwa na wani mawãƙi", kashi na biyu, dauke da ayoyi daga 56th a kan 72nd, mun lura cewa mournful elegy na farko da wani ɓangare aka maye gurbinsu a ta mugun satire.

Epigraph kuma ya bayyana kawai yawa daga baya, lokacin da ya tambaye ta da mawãƙi ba da Sarkin sarakuna wani handwritten kwafin na waka don tunani. A bincike na waka "Mutuwa na wani mawãƙi" ya nuna cewa wannan taken da aka aro daga bala'i na da mawãƙi "Wenceslas" by Faransa marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo Zhana Rotru.

An sani cewa duk da kotun al'umma da kuma Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I "ta nuna godiya" zafi m turu na matasa baiwa, fadi da zurfi a cikin ayar tsari, saboda wannan aiki da ya sa a sosai korau kima na jam'iyyar gwamnati da aka bayyana a matsayin "m free-tunani, fiye da wani laifi." A sakamakon wannan dauki shi qaddamarwa na aikace-aikace "A hanawar ayar ...", ya bi ta hanyar daya daga Lermontov ta kama shi, abin da ya faru a watan Fabrairu 1837, da kuma wani tunani da mawãƙi (a karkashin sunan sabis) zuwa Caucasus.