A fall na Yammacin Roman Empire

A fall na Yammacin Roman Empire - taken gabatar a historiography na daya daga cikin mafi m tarihi Edward Gibbon (1737-1794). Ya monumental aiki "Tarihin da dakushewar da Fall na Roman Empire" sanya manufar sananne ga masu karatu tsanani sha'awar a cikin matsalar. Ko da yake ba za mu iya ce cewa Gibbon ne farkon wanda ya sadaukar da kansa ga nazarin lokacin da dalilin da ya sa wani imbin daular rushe. Da farko tare da karni na sha takwas da wadannan tambayoyi, masana kimiyya da dama sun damu, kullum miƙa sabon theories. Kamar yadda daya zamani American masanin Glen Bauersok, fall na Yammacin Roman Empire za a iya kyan gani, a matsayin archetype na faɗuwar rana wani girma da iko, saboda haka, a matsayin wata alama da fargaba da kuma gargadi a lokuta daban-daban.

Wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa tsaga tsakanin gabashi da yammaci yankuna sarrafawa da mutum sarakuna, spurred karkatar Roma. A gabashin zama Byzantine Empire tare da babban birnin kasar a Konstantinoful, da yammacin rabin yafi maida hankali a kan ƙasa na zamani Italiya. Ƙi amincewa da Roman Empire ya wakilta a ci gaba da aiwatar da cewa yana fiye da karni. Saboda haka, sauran masana tarihi fi son a ce Roma ya saba da sabon yanayi, da kuma irin wannan babu ƙi. Great Roma, bisa ga Edward Gibbon da kuma magoya bayan na zaton, suka daina wanzuwa a 4 ga watan Satumba 476, a lokacin da Odoacer shugaban na Jamus kabilu (a cikin sojojin Roma , ya kasance shugaban haya-Jamusawa) hambararren karshe Yammacin Roman Sarkin sarakuna Romulus Augustus. Romulus Augustus, m da wani Jamus asalin. Odoacer dauke Romulus ba haka ba ne m, wannan ba ya ko dame su kashe shi, amma sallame. A fall na Yammacin Roman Empire, shaida da cewa Roma ba ya da kudi ikon kuma ba zai iya yadda ya kamata sarrafa warwatse yammacin yankuna, ko da yake su mazaunan ci gaba da la'akari da kuma kiran kansu Romawa. Zubar da jini ba juyin mulki ba a cikin 476 babbar juyo, ya kawo a kusa da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru da kuma trends.

Masana suka rike versions daidaita da sabon yanayi, an yi imani da cewa daular ci gaba da zama har sai 1453. Saboda haka, fall na Yammacin Roman Empire ya faru a lokacin da Ottoman zo zuwa Rum (Konstantinoful).

Hakika, kwanan na kifar da Romulus Augustus, rene ta Edward Gibbon ne sosai na al'ada, kuma a gaskiya, idan akwai zai zama wata damar tambayi mutane da suka rayu a wannan zamani, za su zama sosai mamaki cewa Historiography sa wannan taron haka muhimmanci. Mun kuma iya la'akari da sauran muhimman abubuwan da suka faru, wanda alama fall na Roman Empire, kazalika da hade da yawa dalilai (bayyanar da sabon addini Kiristanci, da sauran rikicin da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki, karfi cin hanci da rashawa, da hauhawar farashin kaya, soja matsaloli, m sarautar sarakuna da sauransu), wanda ya kai ga koma baya. Duk da haka, wannan kwanan wata al'ada kiwon karshen tsufa da kuma farkon Turai tsakiyar zamanai. A daular, a Yammacin Turai, ciki har da Italiyanci, da kuma arewa-yammacin Afirka an hõre daban-daban mamayar, akwai wani kabilanci motsi, ya kira tare da Great Hijira. A gabashin ɓangare na kan iyaka kasance m ga dama ƙarni har nasarar yaƙin Islama da.

A general, auka daga cikin Roman Empire alama da al'adu da siyasa da canji, ta miƙa mulki ga wani karin amincewa da nau'i na gwamnati, tallafi na Kiristanci a matsayin addinin jihar, da abandonment na hadisai da kuma dabi'u na gargajiya tsufa. A historiography ne na kowa yin amfani da Kalmar "Byzantine Empire", kamar yadda da mai karɓar daga cikin Roman Empire, kuma a gaskiya shi ne mafi alhẽri magana game da jũna, ko da yake, na marigayi tsufa Empire aka daban-daban daga gargajiya Roma.