A jirgin sama "TU-204": reviews. rundunar jirgin sama

"Tu-204" shi ne wani matsakaici-range fasinja jet. Wannan inji aka ci gaba a cikin shekaru 80, a Sashen Design kirar Tupolev. Tare da taimakon da ya halitta da nufin ya maye gurbin wanda aka rabu amfani yayin da "Tu-154". Akwai daban-daban gyare-gyare na jirgin sama: VIP-version, fasinja, sufurin kaya da kuma na musamman. A jirgin sama "Tu-204" hadu da dukan aminci matsayin, watsi da amo, don haka wadannan model za a iya sarrafa duk faɗin duniya. More kan wannan daga baya.

zane

A jirgin sama "Tu-204" - a cantilever monoplane al'ada makirci. Its share fuka-fuki ne fairly low. Ya biyu turbojet injuna saka a kan pylons musamman. Su wurare suna located ƙarƙashin fikafikan. Wannan ya ba da model rarrabe style. A karshen kowane reshe shirya winglets. Wannan taimaka rage da jawo ja da kuma kara daga. Bugu da kari, suna sanye take da biyu-slotted bude yatsun. Wadannan suna da muhimmanci abubuwa. Har ila yau, slats ne a nan. Sun tsara da qazanta Properties daga cikin jirgin sama. Suna located tare da jagorancin gefen reshe. A shasi yana da uku kafafu da kuma a hanci strut. A tsarin da powerplant hada RB211-535E4 ko 2 turbofan "PS-90A"

labarin

Bayan da Rasha yakin jirgin sama "Tu-154" jirage maida su ba kome domin baya 2 shekaru, a shekarar 1973 a sashen Design ofishin fara aiki daga nan gaba don maye gurbin wannan model. Da farko, an samarwa hažaka da zurfin "Tu-154" da kuma ci gaba da dama jeri, da kuma daban-daban da sabon makirci. Bayan duk, masana kimiyya sun sanya wani zabi a cikin ni'imar trimotored model fadi-jiki, wanda suke kira - jirgin da "TU-204".

The aikin amince da gwamnatin a 1981. Duk da haka, a lokacin da wannan tsari, da zanen yanke shawarar bari wutsiya engine. Sa'an nan sake duba daftarin. A sakamakon haka, shi loomed kwanan shirya ta jirgin sama.

A lokacin da raya kasa, masana kimiyya suna rayayye tambaya m zane dabaru, ta amfani da lantarki kwakwalwa. Domin zabi mafi kyau duka da nata irin sanyi a wasu musamman bututu, da suka yi duba da dama model. Bugu da ƙari, don rage nauyi da kuma kara da ƙarfin da naúrar za'ayi da aikace-aikace na kumshin kayan. Rabonsu a cikin nauyi na model ne ba kasa da 14%.

Lokacin da zane da aka kammala, da jirgin sama "TU-204" ya fara nuna kudi a Ulyanovsk sufurin jiragen sama Industry Complex mai suna bayan Ustinov D. F. Wannan gaskiya ne gaskiya. A farko jirgin sama "Tu-204", reviews na wanda kasance tabbatacce, gina a Moscow a cikin al'umma tare da wani gogaggen gagarumin samar ASTC. A. N. Tupoleva da UAPK.

gwajin

Wannan tsari da hannu 2 samfur. Musamman tsarin a kan jirgin model aikata a da yawa tsaye.

A farkon Janairu 1989 akwai wani na farko jirgin na ce jirgin sama. A jirgin sama "Tu-204" ya tashi daga Airfield "Ramenskoye". Bisa ga sakamakon da gwaje-gwaje da aka sanya a cikin zane na wasu inganta. Kuma shi ya inganta samar da fasaha. A wannan yanayin, babba da hankali da aka biya don tabbatar da cewa aikin da sabon dijital tsarin. Fayyace a cikin wannan yanki ya kai ga sakamakon tabbatacce. Kwararru da aka ɓullo da 23 zabin hukumar atomatik kula da tsarin amfani da matuƙin jirgin ruwa. Kowane an gwada wa AMINCI da yawa jirgin gwaje-gwaje. Duk da wannan bukata lokaci mai tsawo. Bugu da kari, a lokacin ya fara da tattalin arziki da matsaloli a jihar. Wannan ya kai ga cewa kudade ga shirin da aka rage. A sakamakon haka, da sharuddan da aka samu ya karu zuwa takardun da ake bukata da kuma gwajin.

A 90 kasafin kudin kudi na aikin da aka gaba daya tsaya. Wannan ya kai ga dakatar da takardar shaida gwaji, da kuma jirgin sama "Tu-204", wadda har yanzu ake bukata a sha tabbatarwa binciken, ana sa ran a cikin fuka-fuki.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin 90s da tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki a kasar ya rincabewa da cika fuska, kasafin kudin jirgin gwajin da aka kusan barrantar. Domin kammala sama aiki, da masana kimiyya ya dauki m matakai. Alal misali, sun amince da wani sashe kaya ga albashin. A daidai wannan gwaje-gwaje da aka za'ayi a layi daya to kasuwanci flights. Wannan yarda mana mu yi aiki don kammala aikin kudi. Bayan m kokarin, masana kimiyya sun iya samu da zama dole takardar shaidar a shekarar 1994.

amfani

A karshen Fabrairu 1996 aka za'ayi na farko jirgin na wani sabon kasuwanci a kan tushen da ya ce jiragen sama. A jirgin sama "Tu-204" tashi "Vnukovo Airlines" daga babban birnin kasar zuwa Mineralnye Vody.

Yana da aka zaci cewa "Tu-204" da ya kamata a maye gurbinsu "Tu-154". Duk da haka, kwatsam digo a cikin kudaden da jirgin sama masana'antu ya kai ga disturbances a cikin finalization na jirgin sama, kuma shi ya rage kudi na samarwa. A sakamakon - a kananan yawan model na jirgin sama da kamfanoni, babban kudin kayayyakin gyara da kuma goyon baya, m downtime. Duk wannan ya haifar da wani digo a cikin gasa na ce da jirgin sama, musamman a kwatanta da yammacin Airbus-320 da kuma Boeing-737, ya tabbatar da more tattali aiki da kuma rahusa.

A 2000s, samar da ba kasa da 10 model a kowace shekara. Matsayin mai mulkin, su abokan ciniki sun hukumomin gwamnati.

Daga lokacin da ya fara taro samar, wato a shekarar 1990, mun ga hasken 75 jirgin sama "Tu-204" daban-daban bambancin. A watan Fabrairu 2013 rayayye sarrafa a total na 50 iska raka'a wannan iyali.

al'amurra

Da farko, a cikin wannan girmamawa, da jirgin sama "Tu-204" shi ne sosai m. Bisa ga na farko shirin na designers, shi ya sa m, kuma shi ne domin ta samar da gina wani sabon shuka located in Ulyanovsk. Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da bukatun da jirgin sama masana'antu fara nutsu da yawa ƙasa da kudi. A kasuwar tattalin arzikin ya maye gurbin na yau da kullum. A sakamakon haka, "Tu-204" jirage sun canza Used yammacin manufacturer na na'ura. Bugu da kari, wani model a mutunta mutane da yawa m kan lokaci. Daya daga cikin dalilan da shi daina yi amfani, ya cewa ƙungiya daga "Tu-204" kunshi 3 mutane, yayin da mafi yawan zamani aircrafts bukatar kawai 2. Wannan entails gaban da ƙarin tsada domin gyaran da matukan jirgi.

Wanda Ya ƙãga game da 10 na wadannan model a shekara. A lokaci guda, kamar yadda mai mulkin, su ne rare a cikin Arctic, "Rasha" da kuma Air Force. Saboda gaskiya cewa Ulyanovsk da Kazan jirgin sama masana'antu ba zai iya salla-amfanin da musamman sabis, da jirgin sama "Tu-204" ba su da wani babban bukatar a yawancin kamfanoni. Duk da haka, bisa ga masana, da latest model na "MS-21" a cikin wani wuri zuwa gasa tare da kasashen waje jirgin ruwa "737". A cewar 'yan bayanai, da manyan yan dako, kamar Red Fuka-fukai da kuma "Transaero" ne sau da yawa ya ruwaito cewa sun kasance sha'awar sayen iska raka'a kayyade type. Wannan ya nuna cewa wajen mashahuri ne da jirgin sama "Tu-204", gwani sake dubawa wanda ya nuna cewa shi ne ma farkon zuwa matsayi da shi zuwa baya mataki aviakonstruktorskogo hali. KLA da ma'aikatar masana'antu da su zuba jari babba da asalin dũkiyõyinku a wadannan ayyukan, wanda zama ne kawai a kan takarda. Wadannan sun hada da "MS-21", da aka shirya don saki a kan layi kawai a shekarar 2020.

Description na fasaha halaye na jirgin sama "Tu-204"

A wannan yanayin, ka yi la'akari da wadannan:

• Crew - 3 mutane.
• Biyu turbofan engine - "PS-90A".
• Doke shi gefe / reshe yankin da aka 42,0 m / 184,17 m².
• A size na tsawon / tsawo daga cikin jirgin sama - 46.0 / 13.9 m.
• Weight takeoff (max) / komai - 94 zuwa 600 kg / 58 zuwa 300 kg.
• Dangi - 21000 kg.
• Cruising gudun ne 830 km / h.
• Rufi m - 12 zuwa 100 m.
• iyakar kewayo na 2.900 km.
• A gaban tunkuɗa su 16.140 kg.
• Weight: matsakaicin Take-kashe / saukowa - 94,6 t / 47 m. tallan kayan kawa tsare 58,3 m.
• Commercial halatta load - 21 ton.
• Flight Range har zuwa 3700 km.

gyare-gyare

A halin yanzu, akwai da dama bambancin da wannan iska naúrar. Kowace daga cikin wadannan kafa da aka yi aiki sosai domin ya sami ake so sakamakon. Next, dubi da su kadan more.

"Tu-204"

Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, ya tashi nauyi daga cikin tushe hali ne 94.6 m. A karo na farko da wannan jirgin sama "TU-204" wanda photo bayar a cikin wancan, ya tashi 17 Agusta 1990 (shirya flights) a cikin iska. Bugu da kari, da kayan da aka ɓullo da version na model. Students jirgin sama "TU-204" shi ne matsakaicin bada haske zanen kaya. Dangi na wannan dabara ba ya wuce tan 30.

"Tu-204-100"

Wannan embodiment yana da injuna "PS-90A" da kuma Rasha avionics. Ingancinta ne quite high. Wannan shi ne wani gagarumin al'amari. gida "Tu-204-100" iya saukar da 210 fasinjoji. A takardar shaida wannan jirgin sama da ya faru a hunturu 1995.

"Tu-204-200"

Wannan tsari ne mai gyara "na TU-204-100". Sanye take da wannan jirgin sama da ƙarin tankuna ga man fetur, wanda ake bukata domin mafi girma kewayo. Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda gwani Ulyanovsk shuka "Aviastar" gina daya kawai naúra da ya ce hukumar yawan RA-64036. Yanzu da model aka samar a Kazan.

"Tu-204-120"

"Tu-204-120" da "Tu-204-220" ne bi da bi gyare-gyare "Tu-204-100" da "Tu-204-200". Suna sanye take da yammacin avionics da kuma injuna RB211-535E4 (2 × 19 500 kgf) - Birtaniya-sanya Rolls Royce-. Wannan bidi'a da aka sanya don fadada mabukaci kaddarorin da model, wanda da farko ya tashi a watan Agusta shekarar 1992. Kasashen waje kayayyakin shatan kamfanin jirgin sama a Misira Alkahira Aviaton sanya a kan wannan jirgin sama tun 1998. Bayan haka, wadannan kirar Tupolev jirgin sama, wanda yana da photo a cikin rubutu, tsĩrar da su kasar Sin. Matuka jirgin na wannan model aka sanya a cikin harshen Turanci version. Wannan facilitates isarwa zuwa wasu kasashen. Ya ce iska naúrar a karon farko a tarihin Rasha jirgin sama da aka bokan daidai da wasu Turai matsayin.

"Tu-204-300"

Wannan model (a baya - "Tu-234") ne taqaitaccen zuwa 6 mita a kwatanta da asali definition na fuselage. Wannan jirgin sama zai iya saukar da wani fiye da 162 fasinjoji, amma aka farko tsammani mazauni kujeru 142 a cikin jirgin sama "TU-204-300" kasu kamar haka: 8 kasuwanci aji da kuma 134 - tattalin arzikin. Wannan gabatarwa ne mai muhimmanci. Wannan ya jaddada da musamman style na wannan canji, "Tu-204". A mafi kyau wurare, ba shakka, zai kasance wani a cikin fasinjojinmu. Wannan naúrar da aka tsara a cikin uku bambancin. Su gudu iyaka ne 9250, 7500 da kuma 3400 km. A sakamakon haka, "Tu-204-300" da aka gane a matsayin na farko da jirgin sama tare da biyu injuna, wanda za a iya yi da jirgin daga babban birnin kasar na Rasha zuwa Vladivostok ba tare da katsewa. Yawan Take-kashe nauyi na jirgin sama ya 107,5 ton a cikin kayan aiki da wannan model ne :. Domestic avionics "KSPNO-204 'da kuma biyu Motors" PS-90A ". A karo na farko, "Tu-204-300" ya tashi a cikin iska a watan Agusta 2003, bayan da shi da aka za'ayi da zanga-zanga a Aerospace show "MAKS-2003". Bokan ya kasance 14.05.2005, gudanar da ta serial samarwa da aka kafa a Ulyanovsk factory "Aviastar".

"Tu-204-300A"

Wadannan farar hula jirgin sama amfani ga administrative sufuri na nesa ba wucewa 9600 km. A tsarin ruwansa kawai 26 fasinjoji. MOTA KE SHAN MAI - 42 ton.

"Tu-206"

A jirgin sama har yanzu tasowa masana. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a ce inji ake amfani da matsayin man fetur liquefied iskar gas. Wadannan aircrafts fara nuna a kan tushen da irin wannan jirgin sama kamar yadda "Tu-204-100". Daya babbar matsala a wannan yanayin ne jeri na kwantena na gas zuwa bukata babba girma.

"Tu-214"

Wannan tsarin shi ne gyare-gyaren "TU-204". Matsakaicin Take-kashe nauyi na wannan naúrar an karu zuwa 110,75 ton, da kuma dangi size -. Don 25,2 ton na kaya jirgin sama gyara an bokan daidai da Rasha nagartacce "AP-25", wanda aka jitu da Western FAR-25 da kuma Jar -252. Serial samarwa da aka kafa a Kazan aviaobedinenii su. S. P. Gorbunova. Da farko kashe wannan model shi ya faru a shekarar 1989. Sun fara jera wadannan jirage Tarayyar Soviet sifirin jiragen sama a 1997 kadai. Wannan shi ne, bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. A watan Afrilu 2010, da jirgin sama ya fara nuna na musamman spetskomplektatsii. Amma don ƙirƙirar da shi a cikin kasuwanci version aka tsaya, saboda shi ya ba riba. Ko da yake saye da wani amfani a wani ajali tara manyan yan dako - "Transaero".

"Tu-204SM"

Wannan warai inganta jirgin sama "Tu-204". A kwatanta da "TU-204-100" ya takeoff matsakaicin nauyi ne sosai ya karu. Har ila yau a cikin wannan model an kyautata avionics. Saboda wannan, da dama daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin da aka rage wa mutane biyu, rage kujerun a kan jirgin "TU-204" da kuma barin jirgin ba tare da on-jirgin m. Wannan ne yake aikata daidai da na kasa da kasa yi model ga wannan aji.

Bugu da kari, da jirgin sama "Tu-204SM" ya halartar wasu canje-canje.

1. Zamanintar da turbofan "PS-90A2." Wannan aka tare da wani karu a cikin kudin na rayuwa sake zagayowar da kuma kara overhaul da kuma sanya hanya raka'a da manyan abubuwa (da zafi gefen - 10000 hawan keke da kuma sanyi - har zuwa 20,000).
2. Updated APU "TA-18-200". A wannan yanayin, shi aka ƙara tsawo farawa da Gudun. An gabatar da sabon kayan aiki, wanda ya yi aikin dole ayyuka m zuwa wasu yiwuwa da kuma na yanzu bukatun na ICAO da kuma Turai iko.
3. Kyautata shasi. A zane sharudda da aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi duk cikin al'amurran da suka dace da hanya airframe.
4. da gida da aka inganta.
5. Rage ƙungiya 2 matukan jirgi.
6. An ci gaba da jiran shigarwa management system obschesamoletnymi raka'a (EMS). Har ila yau, inganta tabbatarwa da kuma bincikowa.
7. Modernized tsarin: Energy Tanadin, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, man da kuma kwandishan.

A karshen watan Disamba 2010 fāɗi a jirgin gwajin "TU-204SM." Yana da aka za'ayi da kyau-cancanci gwajin matukin Viktor Minashkin. Wannan tsari ya tafi smoothly. Duk da haka, duk da gwaje-gwaje a kayyade sabunta jirgin sama da aka za'ayi tare da wani kadan da bata lokaci ba. A wani taron manema labarai da babban darektan na jirgin sama shuka Sergey Dementiev shaida wa masu sauraro cewa da gwajin jirgin na wannan samfurin da aka shirya domin Disamba 17, 2010. Duk da haka, ya jaddada cewa, aikin a kan taron jama'ar jirgin sama na irin wannan ya kamata a ba jadawalin.

"Aviastar-SP", kamfanin yana da har zuwa 2016 da tsare-tsaren samar da 44 jirgin sama "Tu-204SM" jirgin ruwa, aka yi nufi ga Red Fuka-fukai Airlines manyan sha'anin. Kamar yadda na farko bayanai, da] a] e da wannan aikin da aka kasaftawa a kalla $ 1.8 biliyan.

A tsakiyar Janairu 2012 a shahara Ulyanovsk jirgin sama gini kamfanin karkashin sunan "Aviastar-SP" yi da mataimakin firaministan kasar Rasha. A cewar Dmitry Rogozin, da takardar shaida na wani sabon jirgin sama "Tu-204SM" fasinja irin zai ƙare a watan Yuni, kuma daga tsakiyar shekara za mu iya magana game da serial samar.

sakamakon

Bayan karanta a sama, wanda zai iya daidai da wani ra'ayin abin da wani jirgin saman da aka bayyana, da kuma wasu da bambancin wanzu. Overall kirar Tupolev jirage cikakken hadu wasu matsayin. A halin yanzu, da iska raka'a na iyali ji dadin babba bukatar. Fasaha da kuma cika halaye na na'urorin na irin wannan ne a kan kari matakin. Duk da haka, developers ba su daina, kuma su ci gaba da inganta irin wannan jirgin sama.