A ka'idar da adalci da zaman hakkokin

A ra'ayi na gaskiya a ko da yaushe taka sosai muhimmiyar rawa a wani mutum da al'umma, da kasancewa daya daga cikin muhimman hakkokin da'a Categories. Lalle ne, daban-daban na zamantakewa kungiyoyin sa daban-daban da gudummawa wajen tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da rayuwa na al'umma kuma taka daban-daban rawa a shi, amma a wasu m na tattalin arziki da albarkatun dole ne a tabbatar wa duk ba tare da togiya. A Theory of Justice da nufin bincika wannan wajen hadaddun ra'ayi cewa, a hannu daya, da bukatar proportionality, da kuma a kan sauran - daidaici.

Wannan savanin a cikin definition of tabbatar da adalci tsokani zargi daga dama-m tattalin arziki da kuma akidojin. Sun dauke zamantakewa manufa m tare da kasuwar ka'idoji, da kuma bayyana cewa, ya aka yi tsayayya da zuwa gasar da kuma 'yanci. A Theory of Justice, an haife shi a 70s na karshe karni, an yi yunkurin hada da daidaita wadannan alama irreconcilable Concepts. Yana zama tushen da irin wannan sabon abu a cikin harkokin siyasa da kuma zamantakewa falsafa, a matsayin hagu-liberalism.

Babban aka gyara su ne ãdalci mutunci, gane a matsayin baiwa da adalci hanya ga allocating da zama dole dukiya a kan tushen da wani zamani version na kyau da haihuwa ka'idar zamantakewa kwangila, da kuma abin da ake kira "shãmaki daga jahilci". A karshen lokaci yana nufin cewa, an yanke shawarar-masu yi game da m rarraba, dole ne da farko suka nemi su kare mafi m mutane, sabõda abin da suka kamata a saka a cikin wani halin da ake ciki da cewa ba su san abin da zamantakewa matsayi zai dauki da kuma abin da amfanin zai karɓi. Marubucin na da wannan ra'ayi da aka Dzhon Rolz. "A Theory of Justice" - da lakabi na daya daga cikin ababuwa littattafai da wannan zurfin tunani. "A bin daidaici ba kawai m, shi ne mafi halitta ilhami na da m mutum, - da Falsafa - rashin daidaito za a iya jure kawai a kuma waɗannan lokuta inda shi facilitates wahalhalu da matalauci."

Dzhona Rolza littafin ba Yunƙurin ga muhawara ba kawai masana kimiyya, amma kuma ci gaban sabon theories a fagen kare hakkin dan adam. A musamman, yan-adam kare dole ka biya more hankali ga zaman hakkokin da tsaro. A Theory of Justice, yake sulhunta Concepts 'yanci da zaman daidaici, ya jagoranci wani bayarda definition' yanci kamar yadda irin wannan. "Freedom zuwa" ya zo da za a gane ba kawai a matsayin 'yancin zabi da gwamnatin, addini ko shiga a wasu teams, amma kuma a da tattalin arziki hakkin. Kuma manufar " 'yanci daga" ya hada da ba wai kawai gyara irin yadda' yanci daga bauta ya kuma azabtarwa, amma kuma daga yunwa ba.

Ãdalci ka'idar ne ma rigidly kiwata tambayar ko 'yancin kowane mutum a iyakance zuwa da jama'a da kyau, da kuma amsa ta barnatar. Dzhon Rolz yi imanin cewa mutumin da aka ce ko da Immanuel Kant, ba zai iya zama a wajen, amma kawai manufa, da kuma saboda da jama 'ba za a iya rage saboda zaman jama'a da walwala da kuma zaman lafiya. A gefe guda, cikin jerin 'yancin kowane mutum ciki har da hakkin ya da wani isasshen halin rayuwarsu, da abin da ya kamata a bayar da jihar.

Tare da duk shortcomings kuma contingent ra'ayi na mai Harvard masanin, da babban karshe da aka dauka up da mafi shahararren kasa da kasa imamiyya da kuma kare hakkin dan Adam. Yan-adam suna basa, suna jayayya, saboda mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin tsoron zalunci, da kuma mutanen da suke rayuwa ba tare da zaman jama'a kariya, wannan ne wadanda ke fama da keta hakkin dan Adam. Su na tsawon lokaci da kwarewa ya tabbatar da yadda za dama Rawls. Ãdalci ka'idar da ya fi mayar da an tabbatar da shi a aikace - keta hakkin dan Adam kullum samar da matsalar talauci, da kuma talauci take kaiwa zuwa wani take hakkin da kuma tashin hankali. Domin kowanne daga cikinmu ya cancanci wannan matakin na dama da kuma guda ingancin rayuwa.