Belovezhskoe yarjejeniya, ko wata kasa da za mu rasa

maimakon gabatarwar

A halin yanzu shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin Federation kira da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet mafi girma geopolitical kuskure na 20th karni. Belovezhskaya yarjejeniya, da kuma, a sakamakon shi, da samuwar na CIS kasance bã su iya gyara shi.

Hanyar da sakamako

Tarihi ya tabbatar da cewa komai karfi ko wata daya ko wani daular, ta ke faruwa ta hanyar uku main saukarwa: da haihuwa, tashi da kuma nau'i nau'i. Ba ta kasance ba togiya da kuma manyan ikokin na karni na 20th - Tarayyar Soviet. Haifa a cikin jini mãyen juyin juya halin da kuma yakin basasa, haƙĩƙa, sun shige ta cikin zaluntar na collectivization da kuma yunwa, da kisan kare dangi, Stalin ta repressions, jimlar devastation da kuma zullumi, wanda ya lashe mafi tsanani a lokacin yaki - yakin duniya na II, ya juya a cikin wani lalata da kuma, kamar Phoenix tashinsa daga toka, da kuma shi ya kasance wani colossus da ƙafãfunsu daga lãka, sanya a karkashin janar doka Farawa, kuma ya 21 da suka wuce.

Domin irin wannan taron yana da tsanani yanayi, da kuma daya daga cikin manyan - da m gasar da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka, Moscow da Washington.

A lokacin "sanyi yaki" tare da West san for kaina daya gaskiya: Tarayyar Soviet ba za a iya ci ta soja wajen, shi ne kawai zai iya rushe da kudin, kuma mafi kyau find na masõya a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Lalle sũ, sun iske - a fuskar wasu daga cikin shugabannin kungiyar tarayyar jamhuriyoyin.

West ta a raga sun bayyana a fili. Amma abin da m da shugabannin gwamnatoci na daban "jamhuriyoyin-mata?" Kamar yadda ya juya waje, da sananne tsoho manufa na "raba da mulki". Na'am, sun samu gaji da zama ƙarƙashin shugaban Center - Moscow so ya zama shugabanni na nasu kadarori, rayuwa "nice, kuma free", kamar yadda bayar da shawarar da Amurka.

M, ta hanyar zuwa da iko a RSFSR Boris Yeltsin gaske ya so ya zama shugaban kasa. Similar a raga mai lura da tasiri shugabannin na sauran yankuna. Amma ba su haskaka a cikin yanayi na zama na Tarayyar Soviet. Akwai daya kadai da ya - ya buge wata yarjejeniyar kawar da mutuncin kasar, musamman ma a cikin Soviet kundin tsarin mulki, soma a shekara ta 1977, Oktoba 7, kowane jamhuriyar aka dauke wani sarki jihar da kuma na da 'yancin da yardar kaina ga suka balle daga Tarayyar Soviet.

The yaki domin ...?

Shugaba Gorbachev kokarin hana auka na Union, don adana da hadin kai da ke jihar. Don wannan karshen shi da aka gudanar da All-Union zaben raba gardama a kan Maris 17 na shekarar 1991, a kan abin da mafi yawan jama'arta zabe da adana kasar su. A cikin 20 ga watan Agusta 91st aka shirya ta sayi wani sabon Union yarjejeniyar. Amma shi aka derailed da juyin mulki, wanda ya zo a da aka sani da gaggawa kwamitin. A lokaci guda, a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1991. Ukraine rungumi dabi'ar jawabi na Independence. Disamba 1 Ukraine, lokaci guda tare da zaben shugaban kasa, gudanar da zaben raba gardama a kan samun 'yancin kai daga Ukraine daga Rasha da kuma sauran jamhuriyoyin. Babban tambaya aka worded isasshe convoluted ya gauraye mutanen da suke ba da ganewa da kuma matsalolin da Indiyan siyasa wasanni da formulations. Saboda 90% na masu jefa kuri'a goyon ra'ayin 'yancin kai, duk da fiye da haka a cikin al'amarin kira da adana m dangantaka da tsohon jamhuriyoyin. A cikin shirye-shiryen da zaben raba gardama da aka za'ayi m farfaganda na kasa hankali, da jigon wanda ya ga rubutun-roko: "Tsaya ciyar Moscow!" Idan ka karba na musamman da daftarin aiki daga waɗanda shekara - farfaganda leaflets mika fita for free a titunan populated cibiyoyin da Ukraine, karanta a zahiri. Mu'amala a farko page, typed a babban birnin kasar haruffa, da tebur a kasa tare da rubutu:

"Jama'a na Ukraine, ba zai ba da damar da su, don a yaudare! Production da capita da kuma Ukraine ta wuri daga cikin mafi cigaban kasashen duniya ... "a tebur ya nuna cewa Ukraine an ranked 1st da yanki, idan aka kwatanta da Jamus, Japan, Britaniya, cewa hakar albarkatun kasa, ciki har da tama, da karfe samar ma 1-2 wuraren tsakanin wadannan jihohin da samar da abinci, ciki har da abinci, nama da kiwo kayayyakin a Ukraine sau da yawa ne ya fi a wannan ƙasashe. Na leaflets bayyana cewa Ukraine - arziki jihar cewa zai iya zama da kanta, ciyar da kanta da kuma samar da duk abin da wajibi ne ga cikakken aiki. Kuma da Ukrainians ba rayuwa arziki da kuma farin ciki saboda kawai yana daukan tafi da dukan Rasha cewa Moscow, kamar wata katuwar matsatsaku makale wa mutane ta jiki da kuma tsotsa karshe: "Ukraine tsirarwa, Union fitarwa, kudin - daukan Moscow. Mun kuma mu yara da barin tattalin arziki cikinsa halakakke ne, kwayoyin degeneration da zullumi. " Sa'an nan, a cikin Ukrainian harshe tafi jerin tambayoyi, wanda ake zargin cewa 'yan gurguzun, da hukumar Tarayyar kama sata a duk, tare da mafi yawan sace kunshi da dukiya a Ukraine, cewa cin hanci da rashawa tilasta doka da kuma bi a zalla su laifi bukatun, ba tare da mutunta duk wani bin doka da oda, da kuma ta hanyar wannan wahala da mutane, da kuma na farko na dukkan - Ukrainian. Na ƙare wannan "fitacciyar" sababbin babban roko: "A jama'a na Ukraine, ko da kuwa kasa ko jam'iyyar da suke bi! Tunani kafin zaben raba gardama sanya mana cibiyar: KA BUKATAR A PROPOSED bita SSR "?

Irin wannan kamfen da aka za'ayi a cikin wasu jamhuriyoyin. Mutane suna sanar da cewa duk wajen daukan Rasha, da kuma ba tare da shi za su zo cikin zamanin yawa, duka biyu a kasashen yamma. Saboda haka yi mãkirci, wanda ke haifar a cikin halakar da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Belovezhskoe yarjejeniya.

Samuwa for uku ...

Saboda haka, taron na shugabannin Rasha, Ukraine da Belarus - Boris Yeltsin, Kravchuk da Shushkevich - gudanar a Bialowieza Forest, mazaunin "Viskuli". A wannan wuri ne Disamba 8 da aka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar tarihi Belavezha 91 th shekara, da takardu, bisa ga abin da Tarayyar Soviet suka daina wanzuwa, kuma a maimakon kafa Commonwealth of Independent Amurka - CIS. Don shi suka daga baya ya koma zuwa 9 sauran Soviet jamhuriyoyin.

Wannan Belovezhskoe yarjejeniya ne musamman a cikin m yanayi, kazalika da ainihin mãkirci, ya ce cewa bayan shiga duk takardun maƙarƙashiya nan da nan ya kira shugaban na Amurka George HW Bush, da kuma bayar da rahoton a kan su "nasarori". Saboda haka ya yi magana, muka ruwaito a kan nasara aikin yi.

Kuma Mikhail Gorbachev, shugaban Soviet, koya game da abin da ya faru gobe. Da ewa ba bayan, a kan Disamba 25th of 1991, Gorbachev kwanan nan ya yi magana a wani gidan telebijin adireshin da Soviet mutane a matsayin shugaban kasa. Ya relinquished ya shugaban kasa iko da kuma nan da nan bayan haka canjawa wuri nukiliya jaka, kuma tare da shi duk da iko da karfin nukiliya, shugaban kasar Rasha Boris Yeltsin.

A yamma na Disamba 25th, da yawa talabijin duniya da aka watsa shirye-shirye daga Moscow game da bikin a Kremlin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma tutar dagawa maimakon na Rasha tricolor. Saboda haka, mafi girma, jarumawan kasa a duniya da aka halakar da ba tare da wata guda harbi. A kishin ikon da aka fi karfi fiye da kowa hankali da kuma m yarda dasu.

Summing up

Abin da ya ba da mutanen da na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet da kuma rushewar halittar CIS? Alas ... A wannan lokacin, duka biyu a Turai sharewa kan iyakoki, ya girma, ya ƙarfafa a Tarayyar Turai, ya gabatar da visa-free gwamnatin da ta samar da wata na kowa tattalin arziki sarari a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet ya fara bayyana m iyakar da kwastan. Kashe wata babbar guda na kasa da tattalin arziki hadaddun. A rikicin na 90 ta tasiri a kan jindadin da jama'a na duk jamhuriyoyin, jere daga hanya mai arzikin Rasha, masana'antu Ukraine, kuma zuwa a kananan matalauta Moldova, kamar Tajikistan da sauransu. Kowace newfound kasar suka fara samar da kansa hukuncin Elite basira yayata a kan kasa tambaya, da hankalin jayayya da jayayya, da kuma a karkashin wannan murfin kuma tana sa "prihvatiziruyuschaya" tsohon jihar dukiya. Haife caste na oligarchs, habaka yanzu. Mutane samu kansa stranded a gefen rayuwa da kuma fizge wani bakin cikin kasancewar for 21 years. Kuma doubtless nasara kawo Belovezhskoe yarjejeniyar kawai zuwa yamma.