A tsarin da mace haihuwa tsarin: Anatomy, Physiology

A duk al'adu na duniya haifuwa aiki na procreation, an dauke daya daga cikin manyan. Namiji da mace haihuwa tsarin yana da wani daban-daban tsarin, amma aikin guda aiki: nunawa jima'i Kwayoyin - gametes, a mahaɗar tsakãninsu wanda a wannan lokacin daga hadi zai yiwu a ci gaba a nan gaba na jikin mutum. Wannan labarin da aka kishin nazarin tsarin da kuma aiki da mace haihuwa tsarin.

Janar halaye na mata haihuwa gabobin

By cikin mata haihuwa tsarin hada da na waje da kuma na ciki jima'i gabobin, kuma aka sani da haihuwa (haifuwa).

External al'aurar, da ake kira vulva, gani bayyana isasshe - a pubis, ƙanana da manyan labia, shasshafa dan tsakar ta da farji (vaginitis), rufaffiyar na roba Pleven, kira budurwa. Bari mu yi nazarin waje gabobin da mata haihuwa tsarin a more daki-daki.

A tsarin da pubis

ƙananan ciki a matakin da pubis (pubic kashi) suranta pubis. A kashi da kanta tare da anatomically daidai matsayin rataye a kan ƙofar cikin farji, kuma yana da wani ra'ayi na baka. Azahiri pubis yana valikoobraznuyu siffar, forming Yunƙurin. Karkashin fata ne kafa ta a Layer na mai. Waje a kanta a cikin mafarki kafa nunawa. Ya na da fayyace kwance iyaka. Idan mace ta jiki samar matsanancin yawa daga androgens - ɗa namiji hormones, jiki gashi ƙaruwa kuma yakan a wani m kwana da cibiya. Pathology pubic jiki gashi ne wata ãyã daga jima'i ci gaba.

Manyan da kananan labia

Daga cikin pubis zuwa dubura ne biyu folds na fata - manyan labia da ciwon wani m jiki gashi kuma hada da wani Layer na subcutaneous mai. Wadannan connective nama ne ducts na Bartholin ta gland shine yake. Yana secretes wani ruwa da moistens da kaciyar mata gabobin. A hali na take hakkin kiwon lafiya cutarwa kwayoyin shiga prostate nama da kuma hanyar kumburi a cikin nau'i na azaba mai like.

A karkashin manyan labia ne kananan, densely braided da jini da kuma jijiyoyi. A da saman sashi na jiki da cewa shi ne homologue ga namiji azzakari - shasshafa dan tsakar ta. Its girma hormones hana mata haihuwa tsarin - estrogens. Shasshafa dan tsakar ta ƙunshi manyan yawan jijiyoyi da jini, ta kuma haka yana da babban ji na ƙwarai. Idan wata yarinya ko mace ta shasshafa dan tsakar Girma ƙwarai kara girman, zai iya zama a fili da wata ãyã daga hormonal munanan.

Farji

By da vulva, fãce pubis, ƙanana da manyan labia, shasshafa dan tsakar ta tana nufin farjin. A nesa na 2 har zuwa santimita daga shi ne zurfin bata da wannan fatar. Ya kunshi connective nama, kuma yana da dama ramuka ta hanyar abin da jini gudana a lokacin haila.

A ciki haihuwa gabobin da wata mace

Wadannan sun hada da farji (farji), mahaifa, kwai da kuma igiyar ciki (fallopian) tube. All suna located a cikin pelvic kogo. Su yi aiki ne da ya sami hadu maturation da kaciyar mata gametes-qwai a cikin mahaifa. Yana zai zama daga cikin zygote da tayi gaba.

A tsarin da farji

Cikin farji ne na roba tube, kunsha na tsoka da kuma connective nama. An located a kan al'aura tsaguwa wajen mahaifa da kuma yana da tsawon 8 zuwa 10 cm. Dake a cikin kananan kafafuwa, farji shiga cervix. Yana yana gaba da raya ganuwar, kazalika da baka - da babba farji rabu. A na baya fornix daga cikin farji zurfi fiye da gaba.

Cikin farji ne angled a 90 darajõji ga surface na zauna cikin mahaifa kanta. Saboda haka, ciki mace jima'i gabobin, wanda sun hada da farji, densely braided jijiya da kuma venous tasoshin da kuma jijiya zaruruwa. Farji rabu bakin ciki connective bango na mafitsara. An kira vesicovaginal septum. Ƙananan ɓangare na mayar da bango daga cikin farji da aka raba daga cikin ƙananan rabo daga ciwon perineal jiki.

Cervix: sifa da aiki

Farji shiga tashar, da ake kira mahaifa da kuma sanya kanta mahadi - ne m bakinka. Its siffar ne daban-daban daga haihuwa da kuma nulliparous mata: idan bakin aya-m - ya zauna cikin mahaifa ba ciki tare da tayin, da kuma wurin da rata ne halayyar domin haihuwa. Aras unpaired mahaifa ne m murdede sashin jiki, kunsha na jiki da kuma wuyansa da kuma kasancewa a cikin kananan kafafuwa. Idan akai la'akari da tsarin da haihuwa tsarin na mace da kuma ta ayyuka, ya bayyana cewa ita ke da alhakin samuwar kuma ci gaban da tayi, kazalika don aiwatar da fitar da tayin a sakamakon aiki. Bari mu koma ga tsarin kasa na ta sashen - wuyansa. Yake da alaka da na sama na cikin farji, kuma yana da mazugi siffar (nulliparous) ko Silinda. Farji mahaifa rabo yana da tsawon har zuwa uku da santimita, da kuma anatomically kasu gaba da raya lebe. Cervix da kuma zubar canza kama da shekaru na mace.

Ciki da cervix ne mahaifa canal, kawo karshen ciki makogwaro. Ya liyi tare da secretory gland cewa asirce gamsai. A hali na take hakkin ta saki iya faruwa blockage da kuma samuwar cysts. Slime yana bactericidal dũkiyarsu da kuma hana kamuwa da cuta daga cikin igiyar ciki rami. Domin 4 zuwa 6 kwanaki kafin a saki da kwai daga kwai gamsai zama kasa mai karfi, don haka da maniyyi iya readily shiga ta hanyar da shi a cikin mahaifa, da kuma can cikin fallopian tube.

Bayan ovulation mahaifa mugunya qara ta maida hankali, kuma da PH aka rage daga tsaka tsaki to acidic. A ciki mahaifa ne gaba daya rufaffiyar mahaifa gamsai gudan jini a cikin wuyansa yankin. A hailar lokaci mahaifa canal yana buɗewa dan kadan don sloughed endometrial Layer iya fita. Wannan na iya zama tare da aching jin zafi a ciki. A lokacin aiki da mahaifa canal za a iya bude har zuwa 10 cm a diamita. Wannan na taimaka wa haihuwa na yaro.

Daga cikin mafi kowa cututtuka na cervix za a iya kira ta yashewa. Yana bayyana a matsayin sakamako na lalacewar da mucous Layer sa da cututtuka ko rauni (abortions, haihuwa rikitarwa). Lokaci bai saukar da uncured yashewa zai iya sa kumburi da kuma ko da ciwon daji.

fallopian shambura

Fallopian tube, ya kira har yanzu oviducts ko fallopian shambura ne m shambura 2 zubar a cikin kogon ciki da kuma shiga fundus. The free gefen oviduct yana fimbriae (pili). Su bugun zuciya na samar da ci gaba qwai janye daga gidan kwai a cikin lumen na tube kanta. . A tsawon kowane daga cikin oviduct daga 10 zuwa 12 cm Yana ne zuwa kashi sassan: makwararin da ciwon wani tsawo da kuma bayar da fimbriae, wani ampoule, wani Isthmus, a tashar rabo kunshe a cikin igiyar ciki bango. Ga al'ada ci gaba da daukar ciki wajibi ne, wannan wani yanayin a matsayin cikakken patency na oviducts, in ba haka ba zata mace rasa haihuwa. A mafi m pathologies na fallopian shambura kamar yadda adhesions, salpingitis da hydrosalpinx.

Duk wadannan cututtuka da kuma haifar da Tubal rasa haihuwa. Su ne da matsalolin da chlamydia, kabba da ciwon sanyi, trichomoniasis, al'aura herpes, haddasa takaita da lumen na fallopian shambura. M faru na zubar da ciki zai iya tsokana adhesions, wanda aka zubar transversely na bututu. Hormonal cuta sa a rage a cikin motsi na ciliated epithelium rufi da fallopian shambura, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani tabarbarewar da kwai na mota Properties.

A mafi hatsari wahala sakamakon daga bututu pathologies - ectopic ciki. A wannan yanayin, da zygote aka tsaya a cikin oviduct, ba tare da kai cikin mahaifa. Sai ta fara raba da girma, mikewa da tube bango, wadda daga ƙarshe bursts. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani karfi ciki na jini, rai barazana.

A ovaries a mata

Su ne m jima'i gland shine yake da da wani taro na 6-8 grams. Ovaries ne gland gauraye mugunya. Production na jima'i hormones - estrogens, wanda ba a kula da pituitary gland shine yake da hypothalamus - yana da endocrine aiki. Kamar yadda exocrine gland shine yake, sai suka samar da jam sel - gametes kira qwai. A biochemical abun da ke ciki da kuma tsarin ba da aikin na estrogen za a yi karatu da mu baya. Komowa zuwa tsarin da mace gonads - ovaries. Ka tuna cewa tsarin da haihuwa tsarin na mace (da namiji) da aka kai tsaye alaka da urinary tsarin.

Shi ne saboda mesonephros (primary koda) tasowa stroma mace gonads. A precursors na qwai - oogonia, an kafa daga mesenchyme. A kwai ne Tunica albuginea, da kuma ƙasan biyu yadudduka: da bawo da medulla. A farko Layer qunshi follicles, wanda yã'yan, form na kuma II oocytes ne na tsari, sa'an nan kuma girma oocyte. Medulla gland shine yake kunshi connective nama da kuma aikin wani Tallafa da trophic aiki. Yana daukan wuri a cikin ovaries ovogenesis - aiwatar da haifuwa, girma, da kuma maturation na mata haihuwa gametes - qwai.

The bayani dalla-dalla na hormonal matakan a mata

A tsarin da haihuwa tsarin na mace da namiji mutane ne sarrafawa ta musamman ilimin aiki abubuwa - hormones. Suna samar da gonads: testes a maza da ovaries a mata. A ci gaba a cikin jini, su niyya tasiri duka biyu da ci gaban haihuwa gabobin, da kuma samuwar sakandare jima'i halaye: jiki gashi girma, ƙirjinka ci gaba, tsawo da kuma sautin na murya. A ci gaba da mace haihuwa tsarin ne a ƙarƙashin rinjayar estradiol Irinta: estriol da estrone. Su ake samar da musamman sel da kwai - follicles. Mace hormones - estrogen gubar zuwa wani karuwa a cikin girma da kuma darajar da mahaifa, kazalika da tsoka contractions da fallopian shambura da kuma ya zauna cikin mahaifa kanta, sa'an nan akwai shiri na al'aurar su tallafi na wani zygote.

Yellow igiyar ciki jiki samar progesterone - a hormone cewa stimulates da ci gaban da Mahaifa - mahaifa, kazalika da karuwa a cikin glandular epithelium na mammary gland a lokacin daukar ciki. Hormonal bango na mace jiki take kaiwa zuwa cututtuka kamar igiyar ciki fibroids, endometriosis, polycystic.

Anatomic fasali na mace mahaifa

A haihuwa tsarin na mace jiki da aka hada da wani musamman a tsarin da kuma ayyuka na jiki. An located a cikin pelvic rami tsakanin mafitsara da dubura, da kuma yana da wani rami. Wannan jiki ne da ake kira mahaifa. Don gane da ginshikai na hadi, tuna cewa haihuwa gabobin - da ovaries a, mata suna da alaka da fallopian shambura. A kwai shigar da oviduct, sa'an nan da ke shiga cikin mahaifa, wanda ya kasance jikin da alhakin ci gaba da tayi (embryogenesis). Ya kunshi sassa uku: wuyansa, wanda aka yi karatu a baya, kazalika da jiki da kuma kasa. igiyar ciki jiki yana da nau'i na wani inverted pear, a cikin abin da kara girman rabo ya hada biyu fallopian shambura.

Al'aura sashin jiki ne mai rufi da connective nama daina kai hare hare, kuma yana da biyu yadudduka: tsoka (myometrium) da kuma mucous (endometrium). Last gina na lebur Kwayoyin da columnar epithelium. Endometrium ta sauya Layer kauri: Ovulation shi thickens, da kuma, idan hadi bai faru - Layer an tsãge ta tafi tare da jini rabo daga bangon mahaifa - haila faruwa. A lokacin daukar ciki, da adadin da size da mahaifa ne karfi da ya karu (kamar 8-10raz). A pelvic rami mahaifa aka dakatar a kan uku braided jijiyoyin da m cibiyar sadarwa na jijiyoyi da jini. Its main aiki - da ci gaban da amfrayo da kuma tayin da abinci har da physiological haihuwa.

igiyar ciki Pathology

A tsarin da mace haihuwa tsarin iya ba ko da yaushe zama cikakke da kuma yadda ya kamata aiki. Daya daga cikin munanan na haihuwa tsarin, hade da tsarin haihuwa sashin jiki, na iya zama biyu-horned mahaifa. Yana yana da biyu jikinsu, kowanne daga abin da ake dangantawa da daya oviduct. Idan Pathology na mace haihuwa tsarin zo da tsarin da endometrium, ce hypoplasia da aplasia na mahaifa. A sakamakon duk muka ambata a sama pathologies ne ƙarshe na ciki ko rasa haihuwa.

A cikin wannan takarda mun aka bincika ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological halaye na mata haihuwa tsarin.