A kasashe mambobin kungiyar na Hague Yarjejeniyar na shekarar 1961. Babban abun ciki na al'ada

The Hague Yarjejeniyar na Oktoba 5, 1961 ya ƙwarai Sauki duniya daftarin aiki. Daga bãyan ƙulla da yarjejeniyar kai a ta kasa acceded zuwa Yarjejeniyar ne zamar masa dole ya yarda da takardun halitta a cikin sauran kasashe, kuma sanya hannu da shi, ba tare da ƙarin da kuma dogon hanyoyin. Wannan muhimmanci kubutar da lokaci da kuma kudi. Bari mu dauki wani kusa look at abin da ya wannan tsari da kuma gano wanda ya kasance cikin kasashe mambobin kungiyar na Hague Yarjejeniyar na shekarar 1961.

A dalilai to kira wani taron

Amma da farko, domin sanin abin da ya sa gamayyar kasa da kasa domin yin tunãni a kan bukatar rage wuya da aikace-aikace tsakanin jihohi.

Kafin shekarar 1961, takardu tsakanin kasashe daban-daban da aka m. Domin shi da za a gane a wani Member jihar, ya wajaba a yi ƙarin Multi-mataki hanya na aramin legalization. Dangane da kasa da shi zai iya daukar watanni da dama. Yana kuma ya faru da cewa a lokacin wannan lokacin da daftarin aiki ya rasa ta munasaba.

Ya ya za a notarized, fassara a cikin harshen da ake so. Kuma da fassara ta sa hannu ne ma ake bukata notarization. Bayan wannan bukata lasisi da ma'aikatar shari'a da kuma Jakadancin Amirka, na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje na kasar da cewa ta aika da daftarin aiki. A karshen, ya wajaba legalization na rubutu a cikin ofishin jakadancin na kasar inda ta faruwa.

Bugu da kari, da bukatar kullum yi da hanya na legalization na babban yawan takardun ragae aiki hukumomin jakadancinmu a cikin wasu duniyoyin da aiki, m kasafi na ƙarin ma'aikata, wanda ke haifar da abu halin kaka.

Da abun ciki na yarjejeniyar

Mene ne jigon da yarjejeniyar, wanda aka sanya hannu da kasashe mambobin kungiyar na Hague Yarjejeniyar na 1961? Bari mu magance wannan batu.

Yarjejeniyar ta tanadi cewa duk kasashen da suka acceded to da shi, san da na aikin takardun bayar a wasu jihohin musharaka a cikin yarjejeniyar, inganci ba tare da musamman aramin legalization.

The kawai ya rage mata shi ne cewa wannan takardun tabbatar da amincin sa hannu da kuma da ikon shiga wani mutum yana zuwa da za a bokan da wani apostille.

Mene ne wani apostille?

Abin da ake nufi da wannan mataki na Hague Yarjejeniyar? Apostil - musamman square hatimi hada da wasu requisites kafa samfurin.

Wannan hatimi ne m, ko da kuwa kasar da kuma cika kasar, inda da daftarin aiki za a bayar, ya zama a saman sunan Faransa version "Apostille (The Hague Yarjejeniyar na 5 Oktoba 1961)." Daga cikin m kebantu da cewa dole ne su kasance a cikin takardar shaidar hada da wadannan:

• sunan kasar, apostille.
• sunan mutumin da suka sanya hannu a daftarin aiki.
• matsayinsa.
• sunan ma'aikata daga wanda irin wannan takardun.
• Locality a wadda shige takardar shaidar.
• takardar shaida kwanan wata.
• sunan da hukumar gwamnati amincewa da takardun.
• da lambar siriyal na takardar shaidar,
• Hatimi na amincewa da takardun.
• sa hannu na hukuma wanda ya yi da takardar shaida.

Bugu da ƙari, cikin Hague Yarjejeniyar gano cewa, misali size batun takardar shaidar dole ne a kalla 9 x 9 cm. A yi apostille ba ko da yaushe suna da wani square siffar, kamar yadda a baya ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shirye. Alal misali, a Rasha, shi sau da yawa daukan wani nau'i na rectangular mutu. A mafi yawan lokuta, mai karɓa gefe na daftarin aiki ne ba yawa Laifi tare da sabani da misali nau'i na wani apostille, amma akwai misalai a lokacin da shi ya ki yarda da irin wannan takardun.

Nuances amfani apostille

A harshen Apostille iya zama ko dai daya daga cikin aikin hukuma harsuna na Yarjejeniyar (French ko Turanci), ko da harshen na kasar, wanda shi sa sauka. A mafi yawan lokuta da yin amfani da harsunan cika masakin, cewa shi ne, a lokaci guda da harshen kasar don sa saukar da wani apostille da kuma daya daga cikin na aikin harsuna na Yarjejeniyar.

Apostil iya sanya kai tsaye a kan daftarin aiki da za a bokan, kuma a kan shi ne a haɗe zuwa raba takardar da takarda.

A halin yanzu, yawan jihohin da aka ma tasowa da aikace-aikace na lantarki Apostille. Wannan batu ya zama sosai Topical dangane da kara yaduwa lantarki takardun. A musamman, wadannan kasashe sun hada da Amurka, Andorra, Australia, Ukraine, New Zealand da kuma sauran ƙasashe.

Ina zuwa saka apostille?

Bari mu gano abin da takamaiman takardu a kan kasashe mambobin kungiyar na Hague Yarjejeniyar na 1961 apostille.

Irin wannan jerin takardun da alaka da rubutu jama'a hukumomi ko wasu kungiyoyi da cewa su ne batun da iko na musamman kasar, notarial ayyukansu, administrative takardun, kazalika da daban-daban na aikin alamomi da kuma ainihi daga cikin ranar da visa. Har ila yau da Apostille sa hannu bokan da wani daftarin aiki da aka ba halarta da wani notary.

Ban zuwa Hague Yarjejeniyar

A daidai wannan lokaci da akwai da dama daga yanayi a karkashin abin da aikace-aikace tsakanin kasashe daban-daban ba ma bukatar prostanovka apostille, kamar yadda ake bukata ta Hague Yarjejeniyar.

Da farko, da daftarin aiki a Sauki nau'i ne da za'ayi idan akwai wani biyu-hanya tsakanin kasashen biyu sun amince su yarda da takardun ba tare da wani ƙarin yarjejeniya. A wannan yanayin, ko da idan kasashen biyu ne jam'iyyun da Hague Yarjejeniyar, don tabbatar da amincin takardun da aka ba da ake bukata domin sa wani apostille. Isa ya yi notarized translation na daftarin aiki. Irin wannan yarjejeniya a tsakãninsu da, misali, Austria da kuma Jamus, kazalika da sauran kasashe. Amma shi ne hadin yarjejeniya tsakanin kasashen biyu, maimakon a raba al'ada ga jihohi da dama.

Har ila yau, ba ka bukatar ka saka wani apostille a yanayin waje kungiyar zuwa wanda ka aika wani daftarin aiki, ba ya bukatar musamman misali.

Yana ba ya bukatar takardar shaida ta Apostille takardun cewa ya zo kai tsaye daga diplomasiyya da jami'an ofishin jakadanci ofisoshin.

A karshe togiya ne takarda alaka kwastan ayyukan, ko kuma wadanda suke kasuwanci a yanayi. Amma lokacin da kasuwanci ofishin na wani agaji na iya samun matsaloli kamar bambanci a fili ba ya wanzu. Alal misali, mutane da yawa banki takardun, wanda za a iya dangana ga kasuwanci gudanar, har yanzu bokan da apostille.

Da sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar

Yarjejeniyar yanayi da aka amince a taron Private International Law a The Hague a shekarar 1961.

Wannan taron da aka gudanar a Dutch birni daga 1893. Dalilin da halartar kasashen kasance a daidaita zaman dokokin kasa da kasa (PIL), ya cece shi daga ba dole ba takalidai da portages. By 1955, taron ya dauki siffar a cikin wani cikakken fledged kungiyar tare da Member Amirka.

A daban-daban sau a cikin shakka daga SPE taron hannu da Yarjejeniyar a kan Civil Hanya, a kan samun adalci, da dama aiki a sayarwa da kuma sayan kaya da kuma waɗansu da yawa. A daya daga cikin wadannan tarurruka, a 1961, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a kan legalization na waje takardun.

A kasashe mambobin kungiyar na Yarjejeniyar

Saka hannu cikin Shirin zanen na Yarjejeniyar a sama da dukan jihar, wanda a shekarar 1961 sun mambobi ne na SPE Conference. Bari mu gano wanda da kasashe mambobin kungiyar na Hague Yarjejeniyar na shekarar 1961. Wannan zai ba da damar mu gane ainihin jihohi, wanda da farko ya yi da kau da hani a kan legalization na takardun.

Wadannan kasashe sun hada da: Sweden, Spain, Great Britain, Girka, Norway, da Netherlands da Denmark, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Turkey, Finland, Jamus. Luxembourg, Switzerland, Italiya, Japan, Misira da kuma Portugal. Argentina, Brazil, Indiya, da Tarayyar Soviet, da Amurka, kasar Sin da yawa da sauran manyan ƙasashen duniya ba mambobi ne na taron na SPE, sabili da haka a ci gaba da sa hannu yarjejeniyar ba dauki.

A farko kasashen da shiga Yarjejeniyar

A lokaci guda ya kamata a lura da cewa ci gaba da aikace-aikace na apostille yarjejeniya ba ya nufin wani m shigarwa cikin karfi na wannan arziki a cikin ƙasa na halartar ƙasashe. A'a, duk sun dauki wani m yanke shawara a kan shiga da kuma tabbatar da shi a daidai da m dokar. A lokaci guda, da Yarjejeniyar ta iya shiga da kuma kasashen da suka ba ta shiga sabon ci gaba.

A farko jihohi a yankin wanda ya fara aiki da yarjejeniyar, suna da United Kingdom, Faransa, da Netherlands da kuma Hong Kong. Shi ne kawai shekaru hudu bayan rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi a shekarar 1965. A shekara, ya shiga ta Jamus, Botswana, Lesotho da kuma Barbados. A shekara daga baya - Malawi, da kuma a 1968 - Austria, Malta, Mauritius da kuma Swaziland.

m Accession

A na gaba biyu da suka gabata, shiga cikin yarjejeniyar, kasashen Tonga, Japan, Fiji, Liechtenstein, Hungary, Belgium, Switzerland, Portugal, Argentina, Macau, Cyprus, Bahamas, Suriname, Italiya, Isra'ila, Spain, dake Jamhuriyar Dominican, Seychelles, Luxembourg, Saint Vincent da Grenadines, Vanuatu, USA. Yana yana da muhimmanci musamman gabatarwar karshe na wadannan kasashe. A karshen na sama lokaci, acceded zuwa Convention na tsibirin na Antigua and Barbuda, Norway, Girka, Turkey, Finland, Brunei.

A shekarar 1991, yawan halartar kasashe, suna goyon bayan da Slovenia, Panama, Macedonia, Croatia da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. A 1992, wata kwangila a matsayin doka magaji na da Tarayyar Soviet rududdugaggun, shiga ta Rasha. France musamman maraba da taron. Daga wannan lokaci kan, za ka iya amfani da wani apostille a cikin kasar.

Bugu da kari, a cikin wannan jam'iyyar zuwa ga alkawari, da karfe Bosnia da Herzegovina, Serbia, Belarus, Marshall Islands. A shekarar 1993 shi acceded zuwa alkawari, daya ne kawai kasar - Belize. Amma a shekara ta gaba sun ƙulla yarjejeniyar kawai kasashen biyu - Saint Kitts da Nevis, sa'an nan Armenia. Wadannan kasashen suna da hakkin su yardar kaina amfani da nan da nan apostille a kusan dukkan kasashen da kwangila, ciki har da Rasha da kuma Amurka. Australia da kuma Mexico sun zama mambobin na Yarjejeniyar a cikin wadannan shekaru. Hakika, da Accession daga wadannan manyan kasashen Yã ƙarfafa matsayin da Community. A 1995 ya kuma shiga cikin yarjejeniyar da kasar Afrika ta Kudu Jamhuriyar da San Marino.

A cikin shekaru 15 da shekaru, mun ƙulla da yarjejeniyar, kuma Latvia, Liberia, El Salvador, Andorra, Lithuania, Niue, Jamhuriyar Ireland, Czech Republic, Venezuela, Sweden, Samoa, Trinidad da Tobago, Colombia, Kazakhstan, Namibia, Romania, Bulgaria. Estonia, New Zealand, da Basulake Jamhuriyar, Grenada, St. Lucia, Monaco, Ukraine, Albania, Iceland, Honduras, Azerbaijan, Ecuador, Cook Islands, India, Poland, Montenegro, Denmark, Moldova, Georgia, Sao Tome and Principe, Dominican Republic, Mongolia, Cape Verde, Peru, Kyrgyzstan, Costa Rica, Oman, Uzbekistan, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Bahrain, Paraguay, Burundi. A mafi yawan 'yan, riga a 2016, shiga Kosovo, Brazil, Morocco da kuma Chile.

fitarwa matsala

Duk da haka, ba duk kasashe mambobin kungiyar na Hague Yarjejeniyar na 1961 gane da takardun shaida bayar ga sauran members. A dalilai domin wannan zai iya zama ko dai fasaha ko m domin, da kuma siyasa. Alal misali,} asashen da dama ba su gane Kosovo a matsayin jihar. Domin wannan dalilin wani Apostille a wannan kasar ba gane da Ukraine, Serbia, Belarus, Rasha. France, a akasin haka, gane da takardun shaida bayar da duk Member Amirka.

Domin fasaha dalilai, apostille Ukraine har zuwa 2012 ba a gane Girka.

Ma'ana Hague Yarjejeniyar

Yana da wuya a overestimate muhimmancin Hague Yarjejeniyar. Bayan ta tallafi takardun tsakanin kasashe daban-daban ya zama sauƙin. A kowace shekara sabon kasashen shiga Yarjejeniyar: Afirka ta Kudu, Venezuela, Kosovo, Chile ...

Bayan da tallafi na Yarjejeniyar a kasashen duniya da suka ƙulla shi, ba ka bukatar zuwa sha tsawo da kuma m hanya ga legalization takardun. Saboda haka, ko irin wannan karamin tsibirin al'ummai kamar Marshall Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, da kuma Cape Verde, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya.