A m haraji - wani m sikelin da haraji ...

Progressive haraji yakan haifar da karuwa a cikin tasiri kudi tare da karuwa a gindi. Yawancin lokaci, wannan yanayin da ake amfani da mutane. Bari mu bincika abin da kara na iya zama wani m haraji sikelin.

tarihi bayanai

A m haraji - fee cewa ya shiga yi saboda matsin da manoma da kuma aiki aji. Shekaru da dama, akwai mai gwagwarmaya, wanda bi da bi lashe daya ko sauran jam'iyyar. A daban-daban yunkurin gudanar da sauye-sauye da aka Kanmu a lokacin wannan lokaci siffofin haraji. A sakamakon hadadden zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da dalilai, da sabon makirci da aka ɓullo da. Progressive haraji da aka farko amfani a Birtaniya a 1798. Yana fara da 2 pence / laba a kan kudaden shiga na fiye da 60 fam da kuma ya karu zuwa 2 shillings riba fiye da 200 fam. Bayan kusan shekara ɗari na garambawul dauki wuri a Prussia. Haraji a kasar ya fara tare da 0,62% kuma ya karu zuwa 4%. By farkon karni na 20th aka makirci amfani a mafi kasashen Turai. A 1913, shi ya fara da za a yi amfani da {asar Amirka.

Amfani da makirci a Rasha

A farko o} arin gabatar m haraji da aka yi a kasar a 1810, Wannan shi ne saboda da depletion na tattalin arzikin da yaki da Napoleon. A sakamakon haka, cikin shakka daga cikin takarda ruble fadi gunaguni ƙwarai. Progressive haraji tsarin zaci farko kudi na 500 p., Wanne ne a hankali ya karu har zuwa 10% na ribar. Bayan da yaki, da kammala jama'a kudaden shiga da aka fadowa. A 1820, wani m samun kudin shiga da haraji da aka soke. A 1916, wannan yanayin da aka kafa da baya da tsarist gwamnati. Soma ba da umarni ya zo a cikin karfi a 1917. Duk da haka, wannan da aka hana ta juyin juya halin. Bayan da kifar da sarauta da iko a 'yan shekaru daban-daban dokokin da nufin complementing da kuma ci gaban arziki na Value Added Tax da aka buga. Amma kawai a 1922 shi aka sauya.

Simple bitwise m haraji

Wannan ne ya fi kowa juna, wanda aka yi amfani da a kasashen da dama a can farko na sake fasalin dokokin. A tushe a cikin wannan yanayin ne zuwa kashi kashi. Kowace daga cikinsu yayi dace a wasu sama da iyaka da kuma ƙananan riba, amma kuma wani takamaiman adadin m. Daya drawback, wanda yana da sauki m haraji ne ba zato canji a biya a kan iyakar lambobi. The biyu isa, kadan daban-daban a tsakãninsu, amma fada a kan daban-daban bangarorin guda iyaka, bayar da shawarar wani gagarumin bambanci a cikin adadin maganganu. Alal misali, sa'ad da jimlar kudin shiga a 1000 r. da haraji zai zama 31 p., da kuma a 1001 p. - riga 45 p. Wani drawback ne da cewa wani mutum wanda ya karbi wani babban riba da zama a hannun kasa kudi fiye da a cikin wadanda suka samu ƙananan.

Dangi radix makirci

Irin wannan m haraji - yana da guda halaye aka bayyana a sama. Yana kuma discharges nema. Kowane daga cikinsu yana sanya wani takamaiman kudi a matsayin mai yawan. Yana shafi dukan database. A lokacin da wannan aka yi amfani da ciki da sallama gwargwado haraji. Amma da Jump (kamar cewa samar da wani sauki m haraji) na faruwa a lokacin miƙa mulki ga na gaba matakin na riba. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa da cewa, kamar yadda a baya embodiment, wani batu da mafi riba zai zama kasa kudi fiye da wanda isowa kasa.

Single-mataki yanayin

Wannan irin ci gaban ya shafi daya kawai fare. Bugu da kari, yi amfani da wani iyaka a kasa wanda samun kudin shiga ba a kallafa maka, da kuma na sama - bayar wajibi biyan bashin ba tare da la'akari da m karuwa. Aras kudi da ake gyarawa (ba m). Duk da haka, ba sa da iyaka yana da wani wuri na ta karuwa tare da karuwa a ribar. A tasiri rate nuna ainihin kudi na haraji, wanda aka yi amfani da su da abu.

tsãni zane

Wannan haraji kudaden shiga ne zuwa kashi sassa. A kowane mataki akwai wani girma kudi tare da kara riba. Adadin su iya zama ko dai wani m (2 ko 3) ko a kalla (18 kamar yadda a Luxembourg). A musamman alama ce ta wannan makirci ne cewa a cikin aiwatar da rabuwa kudi ya shafi ba to duk da riba a cikin tara, amma kawai a kan wani ɓangare cewa ya wuce ƙananan na kan iyakar. Karshe biyan bashin da aka lasafta a matsayin Naira Miliyan Xari da dukkan haraji ga kowane mataki. A wannan makirci, kuma riko da wani real karuwa a cikin tasiri kudi tare da karuwa a ribar. A kwana kudi bambanta kananan tãguwar ruwa, da ragewa a cikin shakka daga kara yawan saukarwa.

Amfani ko rashin amfani da tsarin mulki

A gabatarwar da wani m haraji a kan Multi-makirci ba ka damar:

1. Don gabatar da dukan model a cikin wani nau'i na sauki tebur.
2. Yi sauki lissafin domin sanin adadin biyan bashin.
3. Canza kudi a kowane mataki dabam, domin kowane musamman kungiyar na bayar da gudunmawa.
4. Index matakin na riba, da kudi ga wanda 0%.

Daga cikin rashin amfani wannan tsarin masana lura da wahala a gwama gwargwado lissafi kewaye. Bugu da kari, a cikin hali na indexation na samun kudin shiga matakin, Inter Alia, ba ya fada karkashin haraji, wajibi ne a kara da kudi da kuma mika iyãkõkin, saukarwa. Wannan ake bukata don kauce wa drop tarin.

Ƙirgar makirci

A wannan yanayin, rabon karuwa auku ba tare da tsalle. Saboda da uniform karuwa tasiri kudi ne ma kara hankali. Yawanci, a wani mikakke da Multi-mataki zane-zane iyakar kokarinsa ya wuce na farko sau da yawa. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani hankali karuwa a cikin tasiri kudi a low-samun kudin shiga fiye da shi ne yanayin da guda-mataki tsarin.

ƙarshe

Zan iya cewa, haraji ba kawai wani kudi da kuma tattalin arziki sabon abu. Yana da aka kyan gani a matsayin siyasa da kayan aiki. A wannan batun, a cikin tsarin kula da ta kafa ya nuna daya ko sauran aji amfane shi. Gwargwado makirci ne sauƙin kai-kashe abokai, tun da shi na rage nauyin lokacin da zoomed. More m tsarin rinjayar da bukatun. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa m category ya ko da yaushe tsayayya da aikace-aikace. Yau, da zabi wani m tsarin dogara ne yafi a kan ikon albashi, cewa shi ne riba, wanda aka yi amfani a kansa hankali. A ka'idar, shi aka bayyana a matsayin bambanci tsakanin total kudaden shiga da kuma waɗanda suke ciyar da saduwa ainihin bukatun. Saboda haka, ikon albashi nuna gaskiya solvency na batutuwa. Idan ribar karuwa rage da rabo daga muhimmanci halin kaka. A sakamakon ikon albashi ƙaruwa.