A mafi kyau da 'yan wasan a duniya: da uku mai girma' yan baiwa

A karshe ƙarni biyu da tarihi na dara wasan ya ba da duniya mai babbar dama mai girma sunayen. Kuma daga gare su, za ka iya har yanzu haskaka waɗanda suka za a iya kira mafi girma 'yan baiwa. All mafi girma 'yan wasa - uku. Wannan shi ne Garry Kasparov, Bobby Fischer, Pol Morfi.

Garry Kasparov: biography da farko nasarorin

Garry Kasparov - mafi girma baiwa na dara. Kamar yadda ta goma sha uku zakaran duniya, ya bar aiki a cikin Firayim. Amma har yanzu, mafi kyau da 'yan wasan a duniya a yi koyi da manufa na game.

Kasparov aka haife shi a wani ilimi iyali a Baku, a 1963. Mahaifansa biyu, duka biyu mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa ne injiniyoyi. Babu wanda ya san daidai abin da shekaru na farko ya zama interested in dara, Harry. Sahihi daya kawai harka - a lokacin da yaron da shekara biyar, ya nuna wa mahaifinsa bayani etude, wanda aka buga a cikin jaridar. Jawo hankali ga ikon da su yaro, da iyaye yanke shawarar aika da shi zuwa a dara sashe.

samun suna

A lokacin shekarar farko ta karatu, Harry ya lashe farko daraja, a dara. A lokaci guda, Harry aka aiko a matsayin memba na Azerbaijani tawagar a Vilnius. Akwai nan gaba shi ne mafi kyau dara player a duniya Masana nan gaba kocin, shawarta da aboki Aleksandrom Nikitinym. A da shawarar Nikitin, Kasparov farawa da karatu a makaranta da rubutu dara Botvinnik da jimawa ya zama wani mataimaki dara sarki.

A 1974, godiya ga kokarin da uwarsa, Harry sami wani sabon sunan (sunansa a haihuwa ya Weinstein), kuma ko da kasa. A shekarar 1975, Kasparov ne shugaba a cikin Soviet dara Championship daga yayanka. A 1980, ya fara samu title of grandmaster. A shekarar 1984, ya fara da babban adawa tsakanin biyu ƙattin na dara - Garry Kasparov, kuma Anatoly Karpov. The yaki ga gasar ƙare a 1985, awarding da take zuwa Kasparov 13th dara Zakaran.

Pol Morfi: farkon shekaru

Ranking daga cikin mafi kyau 'yan wasa a duniya da kuma ko da yaushe ya hada da wani hudu Zakaran - Paul Morphy. An haife shi a New Orleans, a wani fairly m iyali. Daga farkon shekarun da ya memory mamaki da yawa manya. Alal misali, na shiga cikin gidan lauyoyi suka yi mamakin cewa matasa Paul sani da zuciya duk da dokoki na Jihar Louisiana yakin code. Kawunsa ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi girma da 'yan wasa dara na gari. Yaro wanda sanar da dokokin wasan - ya ƙware ma'adanin na nasu. A cikin shekaru 10 da shekaru, Pol Morfi kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyau a New Orleans.

Samun zakara suna

Fara dara aiki na Paul Morphy aka aza a kan kasa da kasa dara gasa a London. A shekaru 20 da ya zama mafi kyau dara player a Amurka, ta doke duk abokan adawarsa. Daga wani mutum ɗari wasanni ya rasa kawai 5 - da kuma wadanda ya ci su ne mafi kyau da 'yan wasan a duniya. A cikin dukan tarihin na dara grandmaster ya ba irin wannan cewa zai zama kama da style of play Morphy. Ya aka bambanta da gudu, sophistication da mutunci.

A mafi rigima player a cikin tarihi na Bobby Fischer

Goma sha ɗaya Duniya dara Champion ne American Bobby Fischer. An haife shi a Chicago a 1943. Uwar nan gaba dara wani Bayahude da suka rayu a Switzerland. Uba - a Jamus masanin halitta ya koma daga Tarayyar Soviet a Chile.

Bobby Fischer, a Bugu da kari ga gasar da aka fi sani da kuma sabon abu kalamai. Alal misali, kamar yadda wani matashi, ya yi iƙirarin cewa makaranta - da wuri shi ne cikakken m da kuma mata ya kamata su yi aiki a can ba saboda wawanci. A general, duk da cewa Fisher da sauran saman 'yan wasa a duniya su ne a cikin wannan jerin, wannan baiwa da aka kidaya a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi ganin darajarsa da kuma mafi ƙasƙantattu.

M ikon, bayyana a cikin shimfiɗar jariri

Fischer taka leda dara tun yana shida. The yaro ne don haka dauke da wasan na dara, ya tsaya hira tare da yara da shekaru, jayayya da cewa daga cikinsu ba ya iya samun wani cancanci abokin for wasan. A uwa a farko ya yi niyyar zuwa wani likita hauka, amma ya tabbatar da mace, ya ce cewa dara ne mai kyau sha'awa, kuma kome hatsari a wani yaro da hali ba. Uwar fara kama wani abokin tarayya a gare wasan yaro ta hanyar jarida talla, amma daya ya ba su iya samun. Daga baya, Bobby Fischer dara da ake kira da "canza son kai."

Mafi shahara duel

A shekarar 1972, ya karbi bakuncin mafi yawan sanannun Fischer gasa - tare da wani Soviet dara player Borisom Spasskim. A gasar da aka gudanar a Reykjavik. Akwai Fisher zira kwallaye 21 wins da kuma samun gasar. Daga baya, duk da haka, Fischer, ga abin da dalilai, sun ƙaryata da tayin gasa tare da Anatoliem Karpovym, sa'an nan ga shekaru ashirin da jagoranci wani reclusive salon.

M so Bobbi Fishera

Ya akai-akai magana barnatar game da kasashe daban-daban: abin da game da Rasha, game da Iceland, da United States of. Fischer ya kan mai kyau gabãtarwar tare da wakilan da dama yasar da kungiyoyin - kamar da wa'azi na daban-daban ƙungiyã-ƙungiyã, kazalika da mafia. Fischer kuma yi kokarin barin zuriyarsa, wanda zai yi m genes tare da shi - ya kasance ana gãdon ta ya kyauta.

A mafi kyau da 'yan wasan a duniya. Wanda za su iya rasa?

Kamar wancan samo asali da rabo daga daya daga cikin mafi girma da dara baiwa. Duk da haka, wannan ba irga. 10 mafi kyau da 'yan wasan na duniya a yau - shi Carlsen Magnus, Vladimir Kramnik, Aronyan Levon, Teymur Radzhabov da sauransu. Don lissafi da ƙarfin dara 'yan wasa amfani da wani da ake kira Elo rating tsarin. An ci gaba da American masanin kimiyya Arfad Elo. Har 1989, na farko line na rating dauki Bobby Fischer bayan - Garry Kasparov.

Me game da yaki da kwamfuta?

Abin sha'awa, har ma mafi dara 'yan wasa a tarihin iya yanzu za a buga tare da kwamfuta. A farko wannan wasan da ya faru a shekarar 1996 a lokacin da Garry Kasparov rasa da supercomputer Deep Blue, wanda zai iya kimanta wasu miliyan 200 matsayi da biyu. Duk da haka, a karo na biyu game, Kasparov dauki fansa kwamfuta. Kuma a sa'an nan, bayan biyu kõma wasanni, na gaba biyu da aka lashe ta su.