A makirci na London Karkashin kasa: tarihi da kuma na yanzu matsayi

Students London Karkashin kasa kunshi tashoshin 270, 11 Lines, jimlar tsawon wanda yake daidai da 402 kilomita. Kowace rana, irin wannan kai amfani da fiye da miliyan uku mazauna da kuma baƙi daga Birtaniya babban birnin kasar. Logo London Karkashin kasa ne daya daga cikin manyan haruffa a sanannun al'adu a duniya suna samar da sayar abubuwa na tufafi da na'urorin haɗi da kamfanin logo kuma makirci jirgin karkashin kasa.

Tarihi na halitta da halin da

da bude ranar jirgin karkashin kasa a birnin London fadi a kan Janairu 10, 1863. A farko line aka mai suna "Metropolitan reyluey" ta daure biyu mafi girma a tashar jirgin kasa. A 1890, na farko London Karkashin kasa jiragen kasa a fara aiki da electrically. Har shekara ta 1933, da yi da kuma ci gaban Lines bayar da kamfanoni. Halittar Department of Fasinja sufuri ya sõyayya a tsakãninsu a cikin guda jihar tsarin.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu shi ya zama ba makawa a karkashin kasa da mafaka daga harin bom na lumana jama'ar na birnin. Nuwamba 18th, 1987 mazaunan London aka tuna kwatsam fashewa da wuta. A wannan rana, da abubuwa da'awar rayuwar talatin mutane. A watan Yuli na shekarar 2005, da dama tashoshin sun zama manufa na harin 'yan ta'adda. A sakamakon haka, hudu hadewa Harin cikin uku jiragen kasa kashe 56 mutane da hudu kunar bakin wake.

A ranar, da makirci na London Karkashin kasa ne a karo na hudu wuri daga cikin mafi tsawo a duniya, bayan Seoul, Beijing da Shanghai. Mazauna babban birnin kira wannan nau'i na sufuri The Tube (Engl. "Bututu") saboda da siffar da Tunnels.

Lines da kuma London Karkashin kasa tashar

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, cikin karkashin kasa Birtaniya babban birnin kasar kunshi 11 Lines, hudu daga waxanda suke da m, da sauran - m. La'akari da kowane dabam:

• "District" (denoted a cikin zane mai koren launi da kuma ƙunshi 60 tashoshin).
• "Gana" (m tashar 34);
• "Circumferential" (yellow, 36 tashoshin).
• "Arewa" (baki, 50 tashoshin).
• "Waterloo & City" (Cyan, tashar 2);
• "Tsakiya" (ja, 49 tashoshin).
• "Beykerloo" (Brown, 25 tashoshin).
• "Piccadilly" (duhu blue, 53 tashoshin).
• "Victoria" (blue, 16 tashoshin).
• "Anniversary" (azurfa, 27 tashoshin).
• "Hammersmith & City" (Pink, 29 tashoshin).

A shekarar 2007, Eastern line aka rufe for maimaitawa. Shekaru hudu bayan ta bude, shi ya zama wani ɓangare na dagagge kai. Students London Karkashin kasa ma ya ƙunshi rabo kamar "London Overground" da "guri Light Railway".

ban sha'awa facts

• A mafi tsawo hanya ne kai tsaye tafiya daga tashar "West Raislip" to "Epping" - 54,9 kilomita kuma yana da sa'a guda, kuma 28 minutes.
• A kan ƙasa na "Stratford" guntuwa escalator (4 mita), da kuma mafi tsawo mallakar tashar "Angel" (60 mita).
• The sosai mafi zurfi tashar da ake kira "Hampstead", shi ya ta'allaka ne a zurfin 59 mita daga titi matakin.
• A kalla zurfin (5.2 mita) located tashar "Redbridge".
• "Waterloo" ne busiest tashar na London Karkashin kasa. A lokacin shekara, zirga-zirgar fasinja a nan shi ne miliyan 82 mutane.
• "District" line yana cikin mafi girma da yawan tashoshin (60), da kuma karami - "Waterloo & City" (2).

zane

Da farko London Karkashin kasa makirci da aka hada tare da wata taswirar gari cewa, a matsayin yaduwa da irin wannan kai, da wahala gani ji na fasinjoji. Daga baya, a shekara ta 1933 da Garri Bek tsara bayanai kasida, wanda sa layi a Schematic bango, maimakon kasa, kuma kowane mutum ya sanya launi.

Musamman grotesque font, wanda aka rubuta kalmar Karkashin kasa a kan wani blue bango, da aka tsara da Edward Johnston a 1916. Logo tare da rubutu a sama a cikin shekara ta farko da ta zama an san da sunaye kamar su "manufa" da kuma "sa ta ido". Yana da wani ja da'irar, wanda ya wuce ta tsakiyar blue stripe. A zanen da wannan alama ne har yanzu ba a sani ba. Bayan duk halaye na kai zo karkashin iko da sufuri don London, wannan alama ya fara a iya amfani da wani taxi tashar, bas, tram, DLR da sauransu.

Yau tafiya a kan London Karkashin kasa, za ka iya kwatantawa tare da faruwa ga Museum of Art Modern. Talla sarari yanzu ana rayayye cike da wakoki da kuma art zane-zane, ta haka ne samar da wani m yanayi tsakanin fasinjoji. Wannan ma ƙwarai a farin ciki yawon bude ido da kuma baƙi zuwa birni, duk da cewa kudin da ya fara tasawa kudin tafiya, dangane da karba-karba na wani talakawan na 3 fam. Yara tikitoci da kudin rabin diyyar.