A numfashi tsarin tsuntsaye: aiki, tsarin

A numfashi tsarin tsuntsaye ne na musamman. Na fukin tsuntsu da iska ya kwarara faruwa a daya kawai shugabanci, wanda shi ne ba halayyar wasu vertabrate. Ta yaya zan iya numfashi a kuma fitar ta hanyar mai trachea? A bayani ne mai m hade da musamman sifofin da kuma na yanayi juyi magudi. Features na numfashi tsarin a cikin tsuntsaye sa hadaddun sunadaran da iska bags. Su ba su ba, a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa.

A numfashi tsarin tsuntsaye: makirci

Tsari a cruise yi daban fiye a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Bugu da kari a cikin huhu, suka kuma yi iska bags. Dangane da nau'in, da tsuntsaye na numfashi tsarin iya hada bakwai ko tara na wadannan ruwan wukake, wanda ya sami dama ga kafada da pelvic ƙasũsuwa, kashin baya, kuma har ma da kwanyar. Saboda rashin iska koma da diaphragm canjãwa matsa lamba a cikin iska bags ta wajen pectoral tsokoki. Wannan halitta a korau matsa lamba a cikin ruwan wukake, haddasa iska zuwa shigar da numfashi tsarin. Irin ayyuka ba m. Suna bukatar wani murdede contractions kara matsa lamba a cikin iska sacs da ejecting iska daga.

A tsarin da numfashi tsarin a cikin tsuntsaye ya shafi dagawa da sternum, a lokacin tsari. Light tsuntsãye ba fadada ko kwangila a matsayin dabbobi masu shayarwa a jikinsu. A dabbobi, da musayar oxygen da kuma carbon dioxide auku a microscopic sacs, kira Alveoli. A winged zumunta gas musayar ne da za'ayi a cikin ganuwar kankanin shambura kira capillaries iska. Numfashi tsuntsaye yi mafi alhẽri daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Sun iya kawo mafi oxygen da kowane numfashi. Lokacin da idan aka kwatanta da dabbobi da irin wannan nauyi, da hankali kudi na numfashi.

Yadda numfashi tsuntsaye?

Birds da uku daban-daban sets na numfashinsu. Wannan gaban iska bags, haske da kuma raya iska bags. A lokacin farko inspiratory oxygen wuce ta kafafen hancinsa a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da na sama na baki da kuma shugaban. Ga shi yana mai tsanani, humidified da tace. Fleshy nama da na kewaye da su, a cikin wasu jinsunan, da ake kira cere. Kwarara sa'an nan motsa zuwa ga hanci kogo. Inhaled iska ke kara saukar a cikin trachea, ko maƙogwaro, wanda aka kasu kashi biyu bronchi. Bugu da ari, suna branched cikin wani jam'i na hanyõyi a kowane huhu.

Mafi yawa daga cikin nama na jiki ne game da 1,800 kananan m manyan bronchus. Sun kai ga kankanin iska capillaries cewa an infused tare da jini, inda musayar gas ya auku. The iska ya kwarara ba ya je kai tsaye a cikin huhu. A maimakon haka, ya kamata a caudal sacs. A kananan adadin wutsiya wuce ta wurin samuwar ta cikin bronchi, wanda bi da bi ya kasu kashi karami diamita capillaries. Lokacin da tsuntsu inhales a karo na biyu, oxygen da aka mayar da su cikin girman kwanyar iska sacs, da ke da baya ta hanyar da fitsari a cikin trachea via da maƙogwaro. Kuma a karshe, ta hanyar da hanci kogo da kuma fita daga kafafen hancinsa.

hadadden tsarin

A numfashi tsarin kunshi tsuntsaye biyu daga huhu. Sun dauki wani a tsaye gininsa a kan surface for gas musayar. Expand da mu'ãmalar kawai iska sacs, haddasa oxygen don motsawa ta cikin gyarawa haske. Inhaled iska ya zauna a cikin tsarin for biyu cikakken hawan keke da shi ne gaba daya cinye. Abin da na numfashi tsarin tsuntsaye ne ke da alhakin gas musayar? Wannan muhimmiyar rawa aka buga da haske. A shaye iska a can an fara fita daga jiki ta hanyar da trachea. A lokacin farko numfashin shaye gas wuce a cikin gaban iska bags.

Ba za su iya kawai bar jiki, kamar yadda a karo na biyu inhaling da sabo iska sake gudana a cikin duka biyu raya jakar da kuma huhu. Sa'an nan, a lokacin da na biyu exhalation farko rafi sunã gudãna zahiri ta hanyar da trachea da sabo oxygen daga jakar shiga raya jikin for gas musayar. Structure tsuntsaye numfashi tsarin yana da wani tsarin wanda damar halittar wani unidirectional (daya-hanyar) sabo iska a kan surface na gas musayar abin da ke faruwa a cikin huhu. Bugu da kari, wannan ya kwarara da ke akwai a lokacin da inhalation da exhalation. A sakamakon haka, da musayar oxygen da kuma carbon dioxide ne da za'ayi ci gaba.

A tasiri na tsarin

Musamman ma numfashi tsarin tsuntsaye bari ka sami adadin oxygen da ake bukata domin jiki ta Kwayoyin. A babban amfani ne unidirectional da Bronchial tsarin. Ga iska capillaries da mafi overall surface yankin fiye da da, misali, a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. A ya fi girma wannan index ne, da mafi oxygen da kuma carbon dioxide iya kewaya a cikin jini da kyallen takarda, wadda ta tanadi fi dacewa numfashi.

Tsarin da kuma ilimin halittàr jiki da iska sacs

A tsuntsu yana da 'yan sets na iska tankuna, ciki har da caudal na ciki da kuma caudal pectoral. A tsarin kunshi girman mahaifa, clavicular da kuma girman kwanyar thoracic bags. Su matsawa ko fadada faruwa a lokacin da jiki canje-canje, a cikin abin da suke located. size da rami da aka sarrafawa da tsoka motsi. The most damar da iska dake cikin ciki bango da kuma kewaye da gabobin, sanya shi a cikin shi. A cikin aiki jihar, misali a lokacin da jirgin, da tsuntsu na bukatar karin oxygen. A ikon damfara da kuma fadada jiki rami ba zai iya kawai zai fitar da mafi iska ta cikin huhu, amma kuma rage nauyi na feathered dabba.

A yanayi kwarara halitta jirgin palpitations yunkuri na fuka-fuki, wanda ya cika cikin iska sacs. Ciki tsokoki sun fi mayar da alhakin aiwatar ne a sauran. A numfashi tsarin tsuntsaye ne daban-daban duka biyu da fasali da kuma aikin daga cewa muhimmi a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Birds da wani haske - kananan, m, spongy tsarin kafa daga cikin hakarkarinsa a garesu daga cikin kashin baya a cikin thoracic kogo. M nama wadannan winged gawarwakin ku auna nauyi kamar yadda na dabbobi masu shayarwa na daidaita jiki nauyi, amma zauna kawai rabin na girma. Healthy mutane yawanci suna da wani haske kodadde ruwan hoda.

tsarkakewa da

Ayyuka na numfashi tsarin tsuntsaye ne ba a iyakance ba zuwa daya kawai numfashi da kuma oxygenation na jiki Kwayoyin. Yana kuma iya hada tsarkakewa, wadda sarrafa sadarwa a tsakanin mutane. Yi fito - shi ne sauti samar vocal Gabar located a tushe na trachea tsawo. Kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da maƙogwaro na dabbobi masu shayarwa, an samar da vibration na iska gudãna ta cikin jiki. Wannan peculiar yanayin ba wasu daban na tsuntsaye, don samar da hadadden vocalizations, har canzawa mutum magana ba. Wasu iri mawaƙa iya nuna yawa daban-daban sautuna.

Akayi breaths

A inhaled iska gudana ta hanyar numfashi sake zagayowar biyu. Dauka tare, suna sanya har na hudu, saukarwa. A jerin dama m matakai don kara sabo iska lamba tare da numfashi surface daga cikin huhu. A tsari ne kamar haka:

1. Mafi yawa daga cikin iska inhaled da mataki na farko, ya wuce ta farko bronchi a raya iska vane.
2. Inhaled oxygen motsa daga raya bags cikin huhu. Ga gas musayar faruwa.
3. A lokaci na gaba idan tsuntsu inhales, oxygen-wadãtar rafi aka koma a gaban huhu iya aiki.
4. Biyu exhalation displaces iska wadãtar da carbon dioxide da gaban bags ta cikin bronchi da trachea baya cikin yanayi.

High oxygen bukatar

Saboda babban kudi na metabolism zama dole ga jirgin, akwai ko da yaushe a high bukatar oxygen. Nazarinta a cikin daki-daki, abin da numfashi tsarin a cikin tsuntsaye, za mu iya cewa da siffofin da na'urar da shi ke taimaka saduwa da wannan bukatar. Duk da yake tsuntsaye ne haske, suka m dõgara a kan iska bags for iska, wanda sune 15% na jimlar jiki girma. A lokaci guda, su ganuwar ba su da mai kyau jini wadata, saboda haka kada ku yi wasa a kai tsaye rawa a gas musayar. Sun yi aiki a matsayin shiga tsakani don matsar da iska ta hanyar numfashi tsarin.

A winged ba diaphragm. Saboda haka, maimakon na yau da kullum da fadada da kuma ƙanƙancewa na numfashi gabobin, kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da dabbobi masu shayarwa, da aiki lokaci a cikin tsuntsaye ne exhalation cewa bukatar tsoka ƙanƙancewa. Akwai daban-daban theories game da yadda tsuntsaye numfashi. Masana kimiyya da dama har yanzu karatu da tsari. Features na tsarin da numfashi tsarin tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa ba su ko da yaushe guda. Wadannan bambance-bambance ba da damar mu winged 'yan'uwa da zama dole adaptations ga jirgin da tsarkakewa. Wannan karbuwa ne kuma wajibi ne a kula da wani babban rayuwa kudi ga duk tashi tãlikai.