A tarihin "KamAZ": ban sha'awa facts

Babban Motoci "Kamaz" - wannan shi ne hakikanin Masters hanyoyi a karkarar da tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. Sun taimaka wajen gina da kuma samar da babbar kuma m kasar. Tare da wadannan manyan motoci kõwace ãyã - su san da yara da manya. Kuma mai yiwuwa kowane yaro zai mafarki ya fitar da wannan truck. A tarihin "KAMAZ" - shi ne labarin da sararin kasa. Yanzu kokarin gaya shi.

A owner daga cikin hanya

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, "KamAZ" manyan motoci sun zama real alama ce kusan duk cikin gida da kuma waje motoci. "Kamaz" - shi ne wani abu uncharacteristic ga m auto masana'antu, bayan duk manyan motoci da wannan alama da, da kuma yanzu tsanani fafatawa a gasa, to ba kasa iko waje analogues da fasaha halaye, su AMINCI da aiki, tare da musamman zane. Bugu da kari, wadannan nauyi inji sun sami damar kula na musamman hali. A kan samar har yanzu ana amfani kawai nasu m aukuwa (sai dai wasu model).

Tarayyar Soviet da ake bukata a yau manyan motocin

A labarin game da "Kamaz" farawa da yi da shuka. A cikin 60s na karshe karni, Tarayyar Soviet suka fara samar hanzari - a cikin hanyar ci gaban duk masana'antu tashi. Girma tattalin arziki, hanzari girma gina gidaje ga duk 'yan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet. Tare da wannan girma ƙaruwa sufuri. Bayan da yaki, motoci halitta, amma shi ya aikata haka sosai a hankali, da kuma data kasance jiragen ruwa bai isa ba. Tsire-tsire sun yi kokari tukuru, amma ba zai iya rufe da kasawa. Kuma yanzu, da saman management a 1969 da ke sa a yanke shawara a kan bukatar gina wani sabon mota shuka, wanda zai iya halitta kawai manyan motoci. Daga wannan kuma fara wani m labarin "KamAZ'a".

Kamar yadda haife giant

Saboda haka, a kan Maris 14 da kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU da Tarayyar Soviet majalisar ministocin kasar, an yanke shawarar a kan bukatar yin aiki a kan gine-gine na hadaddun, inda zai samar da nauyi manyan motoci. Site domin gina samu a Naberezhnye Chelny, a cikin Tatar ASSR. Af, birnin da aka zaba ba kwatsam. Kafin ka zabi wannan karamin gari a kan Kama, masana sun yi karatu fiye da 70 daban-daban zažužžukan ga shuka. Amfanin Naberezhnye Chelny sun kawai a bayyane - gaskiya cewa gari ne geographically located kusan a tsakiyar sararin Tarayyar Soviet. Har ila yau a cikin wannan yankin yana daya daga cikin mafi girma a yi "Kamgesenergostroy" kamfanonin - duk da wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a da sauri gina wani dam da kuma hydroelectric iko shuka, wanda iya aiki ne a kan miliyan 1.5 kW / h. factory gine-gine da kuma na zama gidajensu domin nan gaba ma'aikata na shuka, daga abin da labarin "KamAZ" Za sauri gina.

yi ya fara

Rundunar ayyukan kawo tare da kwararru da kuma ma'aikata na daban-daban fannoni daga kowane kusurwa na Tarayyar Soviet, wakiltar 70 kasashe. Fiye da 2,000 daban-daban kamfanoni, duk Main kwamiti Jihar sarrafawa kwamitin Tarayyar Soviet, da daban-daban sassa da kuma ma'aikatun cika umarni domin gina da factory ga kayan da kayan aiki. Kowace rana a yi site aiki fiye da mutane 100,000. A nan gaba shuka da aka bayar a lokacin da mafi m fasaha kayan aiki da kuma ba kawai m, amma kuma waje samarwa. Kayayyakin aiwatar da irin wannan duniya da hukumomi kamar "Swindell-Dressler," "Tata", "Renault", "Sandvik", "Hitachi" kuma da yawa wasu. A shuka da aka gina da kuma haife kawai a kan danda ƙasa - tsakanin mirgina filayen. Domin smoothing m ƙasa, da magina otsypali kuma dauki fitar miliyoyin cubic mita gona. A tarihin "KAMAZ" ya ci gaba, da kuma yanzu Satumba 26, 1969 ministan masana'antu na mota da Tarayyar Soviet Tarasov hannu da umarni a cikinsa da shuka shi ne mai suna - Kama Automobile Shuka. A karshen watan Satumba, ya aka nada Shugaba na Kama shuka - mataimakin ministan masana'antu na mota L. B. Vasilev. Har ila yau, da samuwar janar gudanarwa fara a watan Satumba a birnin Moscow, HR da kuma samuwa. Tuni a watan Nuwamba, da factory zo na farko rukuni na yi ma'aikata. Disamba 13 excavator Mikhail Noskov tashe farko guga na ƙasa a yi site na farko abu - wannan shi ne tushe na gina masana'antu. Wannan rana yana dauke da hukuma masomin na yi na Kama shuka. A hadaddun ya dauki wata babbar yanki na 22 km ^2.

ci gaba na ababan more rayuwa

Tare da yi na hadaddun a Tarayyar Soviet don magance gida da kuma zamantakewa matsaloli. Godiya ga "KAMAZ" daruruwan dubban mutane sun iya barin bukkoki da dakuna a cikin jama'a Apartments, inda suka yi ya zauna. A factory ba duk wadannan mutane dadi Apartments, ta zamani, makarantu da kindergartens, jami'o'i da sauran makarantun. Suka fara bayyana da al'adu, wasanni da kuma wasanni da wuraren, kiwon lafiya da wurare da kuma more. Shi ne da godiya ga shuka a cikin Kama Mun halitta mai iko da bincike cibiyar da kuma raya kewayen birni m zone.

Haihuwa na wani labari

A cikin tsakiyar 60s ya ƙara muhimmanci da yawan deben hanyoyi - shi yarda zanen kaya da kuma injiniyoyi da bayyana dukan amfanin da truck taksi sama da engine. Cabover motoci wanzu tun da '50s - shi yarda mana mu yi amfani da tsawon da mota ya fi dacewa, Ganuwar. Amma Soviet tattalin arzikin da ake bukata ba kawai a truck, da kuma tattali da ingantaccen, wanda zai iya aiki a matsayin wani bangare na manyan motoci a kan hanyoyi da kananan axial lodi. Har ila yau, da mota dole ne a tsara don amfani a wani yanayin zones.

Minavtoproma masana sun gudanar da bincike da suka yanke shawarar cewa mota kamata rike lodi yin la'akari har zuwa 8 ton. Har ila yau, ya kamata a shirya zuwa ja, da uku-axis, da mai shawa located a ƙasa da dizal ikon naúrar. Ga kowane ton na nauyi lissafta ga babu kasa da 8 horsepower. A '68 a cikin factory ZIL ya samar da dukkan kewayon nauyi-taƙawa dizal motocin da tractors, da kuma shirya su domin samar a kan wani sabon mota factory. A 69 ya buga wani tsari a kan halittar sabon injuna da damar 200 lita. wani. Constructors sun fara aukuwa nan da nan bayan gama da Zil-133. Kasashen waje sayi tare da daban-daban samfurori da kuma cabover bonit tsari. Mai Soviet injiniyoyi zo ta dandana International 220. cabover layout, dadi taksi, mai iko dizal powerplant fluidly amfilifa, biyar-gudun watsa tare da splitter, wani zamani birki tsarin, bambanci kulle mezhosesovogo - shi ne labarin wani mota "KAMAZ".

ZIL-170 - da kakansa na zamani "KamAZ"

A May na '69 akwai wani farko gwajin samfurin, da progenitor na yau "Kamaz" - ZIL-170. Da gwaje-gwaje sun nasara, sa'an nan ya zartas da dokar a kan yi da babbar masana'anta. Duk da yake gina masana'antu hadaddun a cikin zane ofishin ZIL ma aiki a cikin cikakken lilo - ɓullo da sabon zamani manyan motoci. A kawai 'yan shekaru muka gudanar ya halicci game da 50 daban-daban prototypes da su gyare-gyare. A lokacin gwajin da yawa flaws kuma matsalolin da aka gano. Sa'an nan, da labarin na "KAMAZ" motoci koma Moscow, a kan Dmitrov hakikanta kasa inda gwada "Vesta Lada" da kuma duk sauran m motoci. Bayan wannan gwajin, wasu samfurori cin ZIL ya koma zuwa Yaroslavl. Gwaje-gwaje a shafin taimaka wajen gane duk shortcomings. Bayan duk da matsalolin da aka warware, taron na abin hawa kafa a wuraren da "KamAZ". A tarihin na mota ci gaba. Babban Motoci da aka gwada a mafi mũnin yankuna na Union, a kan hanya Tallinn - Baku, a quarries Serpukhov.

A farko engine

A May na '74, kuma gwaji bitar taru farko engine. Na'ura mai gudanar ya kafa nasu, amma cewa ya wucin gadi fasaha. Wadannan Motors da aka shigar a kan na farko 5320.

ɗan fari

A tarihin na mota "KAMAZ" - yana lashe da kuma rasa, da yawa daga lissafin, zane da kuma gwajin. Saboda haka, Fabrairu 16, 1976 tare da shuka birgima kashe farko truck - "KAMAZ" 5320.

Authors

Wane ne ya halitta "KamAZ"? Tarihi ya ambaci injiniyoyi daga ZIL. Wannan Alexander Setranov, Vsevolod Vyazmin, George biki. Haka kuma an rayayye da hannu a cikin ci gaban zanen Leo dauki Samokhin. Babu shakka, wannan ba dukan jerin wadanda suka halarci a cikin haihuwa na farko nauyi dukiya motocin. Babban zanen da shuka - Vladimir Barun.

A tarihin ci gaban da "KAMAZ"

Tuni a '79 da ma'aikata ya zama real shugaban tsakanin duniya ta truck masana'antun. Production kundin kasance fiye da dubu 100 kofe. Kuma shi ne kusan kadai hali a lokacin Tarayyar Soviet ta kãma kasashen turai. Daga wannan lokaci kaya "KAMAZ" motocin sun zama gaskiya shugabannin a kaya sufuri da kuma yi aikin. Jeri inji hada da juji manyan motoci, tractors, flatbed manyan motoci.

"KamAZ": tarihin model

A 76-78-ies a factory samar uku na asali model - a 5320 truck da dagawa damar 8 ton, da gyara a kan tushen da ya 5511 gina truck da dagawa damar 10 ton, truck tarakta 5410, iyãwarsa ya 20 ton. Next shi da aka ɓullo da goma-ton truck 53252 tare da Extended wheelbase. Sa'an nan - dumper noma da tarakta, tsara don jiragen kasa -. 54112. Its iya aiki ya 33 ton na da shuka wuce na biyu bi da bi-up a '81. Mun fara samar da 6-ton version of 4310. A tushe model aka shirya domin soja dalilai da aka sanye take da wani winch mota. Har ila yau, dangane da wannan model, Mun halitta m 43105. A cikin farkon 80-ies na kowane tushe model sanye take da kara bada haske Motors damar 220 lita. wani. da kuma 10-gudun gearbox. By tsakiyar 80s da shuka sanã'anta mafi rhythmic. Kuma a '88 miliyan birgima kashe da truck. Wadannan motoci sun Popular, amma ba su iya gasa da waje brands, don haka aka yanke shawarar fara raya "KAMAZ" sãbuwa.

Na biyu ƙarni na "KamAZ"

A tarihin na "KamAZ" wannan fara a cikin marigayi 80s. The biyu ƙarni Mans sabon gida ikon raka'a tare da turbocharging. Amma kuma kafa da kuma shigo da injuna da kuma gyara. Ma redesigned taksi - da suka zama mafi dadi. Kawai ta da rufin da kuma amfani da wasu tsarin inganta. Agusta 23, 90 Factory "KamAZ" juya a cikin wani hadin gwiwa stock kamfanin, kuma a '91 birgima kashe wani biyu-aksali truck tarakta 5425MA da Amurka Cummins engine zuwa 325 HP. wani. da Finnish gida daga Sisu.

rikicin

A tarihin daga cikin mota "KAMAZ" inji aka yi sama da nasarori da kuma nasara. A cikin 90s da dukan ƙasar da ya koma wani kasuwar tattalin arziki, da kuma kasar ta fara bayyana shigo da manyan motoci. A shuka yana da tsanani da sayarwa, da kuma da ya kai ga rikicin. The matsala ba ya zo shi kadai - a '93 akwai wani babban wuta a cikin engine shuka. Ya yi azãbar mai lalacewa.

yau

Yau, da rikicin ne a kan, da kuma shuka kayayyakin a bukatar sake.
Cars ake amfani a dukkan sassa na yi da kaya sufuri. A Fabrairu 15, 2012 biyu milyan "KamAZ" da aka saki a shuka. Tarihi na inji for kaya maida hankali ne akan wani babban lokaci. A ci gaban daruruwan injiniyoyi da kuma zanen kaya dauki bangare. Kuma komai azaba wadannan inji for ergonomics, amma a wancan lokacin sun kasance mafi kyau, kuma haka ya cigaba da shekaru da yawa. Yanzu da shuka ne na rayayye hada kai da jagorancin Jamus injiniyoyi daga "Mercedes". Saboda haka, kokari na "KAMAZ" gudanar ya halicci wani sabon layi ja da ƙarfi tractors da su gyare-gyare.