A tsari na photosynthesis: a dunkule da kuma m yara. Photosynthesis: haske da duhu manzilõli

Yadda za a bayyana irin wannan hadadden tsari kamar yadda photosynthesis, dunkule ne, kuma m? Tsire-tsire ne kawai rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da za su iya samar da nasu abincin. Ta yaya suka yi? Ga ci gaban da kuma ci gaban da tsire-tsire sami dukan zama dole abubuwa daga cikin yanayi: carbon dioxide - daga iska, ruwa da kuma gina jiki - daga ƙasa. Suna kuma bukatar makamashi, wanda aka samu daga hasken rana. Wannan makamashi triggers wasu sinadaran halayen a lokacin da carbon dioxide da ruwa suna tuba zuwa glucose (iko) da kuma oxygen. Wannan shi ne photosynthesis. A takaice kuma a fili bayyana jigon da tsari zai iya zama ko da makaranta-shekaru yara.

"Tare da haske"

The kalmar "photosynthesis" da aka samu daga biyu Greek kalmomi - "photo" da "kira", wani hade wanda yake nufin "tare da wani haske." A tsari na photosynthesis, makamashin hasken rana ne tuba zuwa cikin sinadaran makamashi. A sunadarai lissafi na photosynthesis:

6CO ₂ + 12H ₂ Ya + haske = C ₆ H ₁₂ Yã ₆ + 6O ₂ + 6H ₂ O.

Wannan yana nufin cewa 6 kwayoyin na carbon dioxide da ruwa kwayoyin goma sha biyu suna amfani da (tare da hasken rana) domin samar da glucose ƙarshe kafa shida oxygen kwayoyin da shida kwayoyin na ruwa. Idan muka wakiltar shi a cikin nau'i na fi'ili lissafi, za mu samu wadannan:

carbon dioxide + ruwa + rãnã => glucose + oxygen + ruwa.

Da rana ne mai iko sosai tushen samar da makamashi. Mutane suna ko da yaushe kokarin amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki, thermal rufi na gine-gine, kadan ruwa da sauransu. Shuke-shuke "ƙirƙira", a matsayin yin amfani da makamashin hasken rana domin miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce, saboda shi ya zama dole, domin rayuwa. Photosynthesis bayyana a takaice da kuma za a iya bayyana kamar haka: shuke-shuke yi amfani da hasken rana haske da makamashi da kuma maida shi cikin sinadaran da makamashi, wanda results a cikin wani sugar (glucose), da wuce haddi na wanda aka adana a cikin nau'i na sitaci a cikin ganye, Tushen, mai tushe, da tsaba da shuka. A rana ta makamashi da aka canjawa wuri zuwa shuke-shuke da dabbobi da ci wadannan shuke-shuke. Lokacin da shuka yana bukatar gina jiki ga girma da kuma sauran tafarkan rayuwa, wadannan hannun jari ne da amfani sosai.

Kamar yadda tsire-tsire sha da makamashi daga hasken rana?

Magana ne game da photosynthesis a takaice kuma a fili, wajibi ne a magance wannan tambaya na yadda tsire-tsire sarrafa zuwa sha hasken rana. Wannan shi ne saboda da musamman tsarin da ganye ciki har da wani kore Kwayoyin - chloroplast dake dauke da musamman abu kira chlorophyll. Wannan inji pigment, wanda ya bada koren ganye, kuma shi ne alhakin da sha na hasken rana haske makamashi.

Me ya sa mafi yawan ganye ne m, kuma lebur?

Photosynthesis auku a cikin ganyen shuke-shuke. The abin mamaki gaskiya ne cewa tsire-tsire ne sosai dace domin kamawa hasken rana da kuma carbon dioxide sha. Saboda da m surface za a kama yawa karin haske. Yana da wannan dalilin cewa hasken rana bangarori, wanda a wani lokaci ana shigar a kan rufi, kuma fadi da kuma lebur gidaje. The fi girma da surface, da mafi alheri shi ne tunawa.

Me kuma yake da muhimmanci ga shuke-shuke?

Kamar mutane, shuke-shuke ma bukatar zama da amfani da kuma gina jiki don kula da kiwon lafiya, da girma da kuma cika da kyau da muhimmanci ayyuka. Suna samun su narkar da ma'adanai daga ƙasa, ta hanyar da asalinsu. Idan ba ka da isasshen ma'adinai na gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, da shuka ba zai ci gaba kullum. Farmers akai-akai duba da ƙasa don tabbatar da shi ƙunshi isasshen gina jiki ga amfanin gona girma. In ba haka ba, koma ga yin amfani da takin dauke da muhimmanci ma'adanai domin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma shuka girma.

Me ne photosynthesis muhimmanci?

Bayanin photosynthesis takaice dai kuma m ga yara, shi wajibi ne don gaya, cewa wannan tsari daya ne daga cikin mafi muhimmanci sinadaran halayen a duniya. Mene ne dalilan da irin wannan babbar magana? Na farko, shi Ciyarwar da shuke-shuke photosynthesis, wanda, bi da bi, ciyar da duk sauran halittu masu rai a duniyar tamu, ciki har da dabbobi da mutane. Abu na biyu, a sakamakon photosynthesis saki a cikin yanayi na numfashi oxygen. Dukan abubuwa masu rai inhaled oxygen da kuma exhaled carbon dioxide. Sa'a, da shuke-shuke yi da gaban, don haka suna da muhimmanci sosai ga mutane da dabbobi, kamar yadda suka ba su damar numfasawa.

m tsari

Shuke-shuke, ne kuma iya numfashi, amma da bambanci ga mutane da dabbobi, da suka sha carbon dioxide daga iska, maimakon oxygen. Tsire-tsire ma sha. Shi ya sa ka bukatar ka shayar da su, ko za su mutu. Ta wajen da tushen tsarin ruwa da kuma gina jiki suna hawa zuwa dukkan sassa na shuka jiki, da kuma ta hanyar kananan ramuka a cikin leves faruwa na carbon dioxide sha. A jawo domin fara da sinadaran dauki ne hasken rana. All rayuwa kayayyakin samu shuke-shuke amfani domin abinci, oxygen da aka saki a cikin yanayi. Wannan yadda za ka iya bayyana a takaice kuma a fili yadda aiwatar da photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis: haske da duhu lokaci na photosynthesis

A tsari a tambaya kunshi biyu main sassa. Akwai biyu bulan na photosynthesis (bayanin da tebur - nana). A farko da aka kira wani haske lokaci. Yana auku ne kawai a gaban haske a cikin thylakoid membranes shafe chlorophyll-gina jiki electron dako da enzyme ATP synthase. Abin da kuma boyewa photosynthesis? Haske da The duhu lokaci na photosynthesis bi juna a matsayin farko na yini da dare (Calvin sake zagayowar). A lokacin da duhu lokaci, samar da sosai glucose, abinci ga shuke-shuke. Wannan tsari ne da kuma ake kira da haske-m halayen.

ƙarshe

Daga cikin sama ba za mu iya zana da wadannan karshe:

• Photosynthesis - aiwatar da damar don samun makamashi daga hasken rana.
• A haske da makamashi na rana ne tuba zuwa cikin sinadaran da makamashi da chlorophyll.
• Chlorophyll ba shuke-shuke kore.
• Photosynthesis faruwa a shuka chloroplast na leaf Kwayoyin.
• Carbon dioxide da water ne na wajibi ga photosynthesis.
• Carbon dioxide shiga da shuka ta cikin kankanin ramukan, stomata, ta hanyar fitar da su daga oxygen.
• Ruwa da ake tunawa a cikin shuka, ta hanyar da asalinsu.
• Ba tare da photosynthesis, babu wani abinci a duniya.