A winged "Eaglets": description, aiki, yi halaye

A winged "Eaglets" - jirgin sama tare da musamman Properties. Its halitta tun da aka kafa ta da ra'ayin da ya tilasta lõkacin fatara daga aiki - shi ne daya daga cikin karami-sani saboda halin asiri, amma sosai ban sha'awa shafukan a cikin tarihi na fasaha.

Me ya sa hular gashi

A ci gaba da fasahar - shi ne da farko a gwagwarmayar gudun. An mai tsanani da gasar, sau da yawa m, da kuma tilasta designers, ka nemi sabon da kuma wani lokacin m mafita.

Speed a daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci halaye na ruwa da sufuri, iyakance zuwa rashin engine iko da hydrodynamic juriya na jiki, wanda ƙara da kara gudu. Kuma idan na farko matsalar da aka warware ta yin amfani da wani karin iko engine, sa'an nan rabu da mu da na biyu zai iya zama kawai fitowa daga cikin ruwa. Saboda haka akwai gudun-jirage, hovercraft, sa'an nan hydrofoil kuma a karshe hular gashi. Ba abin mamaki cewa zanen hular gashi "Eaglets" ya R. E. Alekseev, shahararren Soviet zanen na hydrofoils.

Don craft iya matsar da a high gudun a kan iyakar biyu kafofin watsa labarai - ruwa da kuma iska - ya zama dole don magance da dama fasaha matsaloli.

Da fari dai, ya wajaba don tabbatar da su da kwanciyar hankali a lokacin jirgin a matsananci-low, har zuwa mita biyu, altitudes. Abu na biyu, haƙiƙa ya samar lokaci guda low nauyin da tsarin da da tasiri ƙarfi daga cikin dagi na kalaman a gudu zuwa 400 km / h.

Abu na uku, ya zama dole a sami wani abu da hur da resistant zuwa teku ruwa, duk da cewa gargajiya Shipbuilding kayan nauyi da kuma m sauri corrode. A karo na hudu babban kalubalen ya haifar da haske, amma mai iko injuna, ba su ji tsoron splashing gishiri da ruwa.

A winged "Eaglets" shi ne jirgin sama a wadda zane embodies da ra'ayin warware wadannan da sauran, ba kasa tsanani matsaloli.

Hawa jerin hular gashi

An jirgin sama tare da nuni sakamako (iska ya kwarara jefar da reshe saukar aka nuna daga surface na ruwa, ko ƙasa, kuma ya sãme da reshe, haka ne kara daga karfi) tsara don Navy kamar sufurin kaya saukowa wajen.

Daga da ra'ayin farko samfurin hanyar shi ya dogon - fiye da shekaru goma.

A farko jirgin gwaje-gwaje ya fara a shekara ta 1972 a kan Volga. Sa'an nan saukowa winged "Eaglets" da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Caspian Sea, inda flights sun ci gaba a kan teku. Gwaje-gwaje tabbatar da kyau kwarai jirgin yi ingancin sababbin abubuwa.

A farko biyu samfurori da aka yi nufi ga gwaji da kuma bayan su aka aika a tarwatsa, da daya - bayan da hatsari. Uku hular gashi serial number C-21, C-25 da kuma C-26, gina a 1977, 1980 da kuma 1983, aka kunshe a cikin 11-th raba jirgin sama kungiyar bayar da rahoton kai tsaye zuwa ga Janar Staff sojan ruwan na sufurin jiragen sama, da kuma aka rubuta kashe a shekara ta 2007.

Wadannan jirgin sama ya kasance yafi tsammani gina wani 120 inji. Sa'an nan su lambobin rage zuwa 24 da kuma, bayan wani canji a cikin shugabanci na ma'aikatar tsaron da kuma shirin da aka gaba daya rufe.

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2007 daga wani tushe a cikin Kaspiysk mafi kyau kiyaye winged tare da lambar serial C-26 da aka tsĩrar da Moscow, ya zama wani nuna a cikin Museum of Navy, kuma daga bisani ya samu a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya mai zaman kansa a cikin Khimki tafki.

A zane da kuma manufar hular gashi

"Orlenok" shi ne iya canja wurin sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa a wani adadin mutum ɗari biyu da dakaru dauke da makamai ko biyu iyo sulke da motocin (tankuna, BMP, BTR) zuwa karusai a nesa na goma sha biyar da ɗari kilomita a gudun 500 km / h. Kamar wancan winged A-90 "Orlenok" iya dauka a kashe a wani kalaman tsawo na mita biyu, ba tare da rasa kwanciyar hankali, da kuma shawo kan antilanding (mahakar da kuma cibiyar sadarwa) ta cikin iska shãmaki.

Basic dabara da kuma fasaha halaye hada da tsawo sama da allo daga rabin mita to goma mita, tare da wani matsakaicin tsawo na 3000 m. Matsakaicin takeoff nauyi ne 140 ton, na wadda 20 lissafta da kaya.

Overall tsawon 58,1 m, mai tsawo na propeller fakin - 16 m, wingspan - 31,5 m, wani yanki 304 sq.m kaya daki girma - 21 × 3,2 × 3 m.

Special ikon connector ba ka damar karkatar da dama baka na ƙwanso da cabin ƙungiya. Yana kara da gangara a kan abin da sauri desantiruyutsya ma'aikata da kayayyakin.

"Orlenok" wakiltar nizkoplan da uku injuna, da fuselage da jirgin ruwan-wutsiya a cikin nau'i na harafin "T". Babban abu na yi - AMG61 gami da aluminum da magnesium. Radiotransparent surface sanya na kumshin kayan. Kare da lalata musamman shafi da kuma electrochemical majibinta.

A fuselage da hular gashi shasi

A fuselage da girder Stringer ikon zane yana da gida da kuma sauran dakin da ƙungiya (kwamandan, a karo na biyu pilot, navigator, makaniki, rediyo sadarwarka, maharbin, biyu kayan), yanke da lantarki da kuma rediyo sadarwa kayan aiki, wani sashe na karin ikon naúra da kuma sauran jirgin raka'a, kasuwanci sashe da abin tsayawarta raka'a.

The rufin Matuka jirgin ne mafaka ƙyanƙyashe, da kuma a tarnaƙi na jiki sama da reshe - ƙofofi domin ƙungiya.

A kasa na jirgin ruwan da aka yi da tsarin da a tsaye da kuma mai gangara redanov, kẽwayãwa baka saka shi kadai, amma a kusa da cibiyar taro - biyu gidrolyzha.

A shasi kunshi wani core kuma wani biyu wheeled desyatikolesnoy hanci goyon baya. A retracted matsayi, da shasi part an rufe gidrolyzhami. A shasi, ski-vibration na'urar da abun hura damar matsawa hular gashi a cewar wani ƙasa, kankara da dusar ƙanƙara.

Reshe da wutsiya

Domin dagawa nauyi kayan aiki sama da ruwa surface ne ba kawai muhimmanci wingspan, amma kuma ta da nata irin zane da babban kwana na hari, low elongation da kuma share 15 °. Floats a kan iyakar yi aiki a matsayin planing kuma da nata irin raga. Bude yatsun, ailerons da kuma bude yatsun canza fara matsayi a lokacin takeoff haka cewa gas jiragen sama daga jet engine fara fall karkashin reshe ya tsere daga karkashin shi iya ba, kuma saboda su ƙãra matsa lamba hular gashi "Orlenok" yakan fita daga cikin ruwa.

A wutsiya taro ne aka yi nufi ga inganta halaye na zaman lafiya da kuma controllability hular gashi. Manyan stabilizer tare da yan hudu lif samar da barga jirgin. A cikin tsaye wutsiya, wanda shi ne integrally da fuselage, saka boosters, a cikin abin da a wata tsawo ba fada ruwa bangaye a lokacin takeoff da saukowa.

ikon shuka

Don tabbatar da wasan kwaikwayon halaye, musamman, a cruising gudun, da babban iko shuka kunshi uku Motors: majibincin turboprop, wanda ikon 15 dubu horsepower da biyu fara turbofan.
Starter Motors da wata iyaka sabis rayuwa, ana hada kawai a lokacin takeoff, su Rotary nozzles damar kai tsaye gas jiragen sama a karkashin reshe a lokacin da ya tashi gudu da wani a kwance dirka a lokacin hanzari zuwa cruising gudun. Su iska intakes ba baka na irin nau'i su ne a gaban kokfit fitilar sake cewa ba su samun ruwa SPRAY. Don fara da engine aka fara da karin ikon naúrar EA-6A.

Majibincin motor gudãnar da ja sukurori da hudu ruwan wukake. Su diamita - shida mita.

Makamai da kuma kayan aiki

A winged "Orlenok" kewayawa tsarin sanye take da "Display" a kula radar. atomatik jirgin kula da tsarin. a na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin for tuki da iko saman na da reshe mechanization, aiki gidrolyzh da shasi, hinged juyawa daga cikin fuselage. lantarki tsarin for jirgin da kuma kewayawa ikon, rediyo sadarwa da kuma wutar lantarki, kayan aiki.

Marine kewayawa fitilu kuma anga-towing kaya kamar a kan wani jirgin.
Babban makamai hular gashi an guda biyu gun shigarwa "dutse" zamo 12.7 mm, wanda aka saka a cikin wani juyawa turret.

Amfanin hular gashi "Eaglets"

Lokacin da idan aka kwatanta da m jirgin sama dangi da kuma takeoff nauyi, man amfani ne da yawa ƙananan hular gashi idan zai yiwu ya tashi domin lokaci mai tsawo a high tsawo. Wani al'amari na "Eaglets" da tattalin arziki yadda ya dace da m manyan filayen jiragen saman, wanda ake samu daga ƙasar amfani da sararin yankunan, shi ba ya bukatar.

Domin soja dalilai, da amfani a kan jirgin sama - stealth radar a low tsawo.

Idan aka kwatanta da hydrofoils a hular gashi yawa karami ƙungiya size da kuma gudun - at sau more.

Kiyaye da kuma amphibious, wanda a zahiri nufi saukowa winged "Eaglets", samar da wani saukowa tare da wani gagarumin teku yanayi, kazalika da a cikin kududdufi ruwa da kuma kankara a ƙasa na wani rikitaccen.

Maneuverability, dogon zangon, da rata tsakanin da tsare surface a low gudun, a manyan kaya iya aiki da kuma juriya magance lalacewar dace da na musamman fasali na abin hawa.

Na'am, aikin ya na musamman da damar da shi ya yi kyau, amma ... mafarki ba gaskiya. Mene ne zargi, da darajar da hular gashi "Eaglets" (a karshen karni na karshe busa Naira Miliyan Xari uku da ɗari miliyan rubles kawo wani sabon tsarin jirgin yanayin), kuma babban kaya damar fihirisa ga gwamnatin shirye-shirye, ko da rashin zamani da kayayyakin da fasahar, amma ko da a cikin farar hula rai ya zauna unclaimed, duk da m aukuwa a karkashi.