Abin da shi ne a cikin kwakwalwa: tsarin

A cikin mutane, cikin kwakwalwa ne mai yiwuwa daya daga cikin mafi enigmatic kuma m jikinsu. Saboda haka, inji shafi tunanin mutum aiki, masana kimiyya har yanzu jayayya. Yau za mu yi kokarin shirya su karshe. Har ila yau la'akari da abin da yake a cikin kwakwalwa, abin da shi ne da aiki da abin da sun fi na kowa cututtuka na jiki.

overall tsarin

Kwakwalwa kare abin dogara a kusa da kwanyar. Yana daukan jiki fiye da 90% na sarari. A wannan yanayin, da nauyi na kwakwalwa a maza da mata ne daban-daban. A kan talakawan, 1375 grams na wakilan da karfi jima'i, 1275 grams - da rauni. Neonatal kwakwalwa nauyi ne 10% na dukan jiki, da kuma manya - kawai 2-2.5%. A jikin tsarin hada da cerebral hemispheres, kara da cerebellum.

Mene ne kwakwalwa? Kimiyya ya gano wadannan sassan na wannan jiki:

• Front.
• raya.
• oblong.
• talakawan;
• tsaka-tsaki.

Ka yi la'akari da wadannan yankunan a more daki-daki. Daga cikin laka fãra oblong. Yana hada da wani farin m (conductive tashoshi) da kuma m (jijiya tsakiya). pons located baya shi. Wannan nadi na mai gangara zaruruwa na jijiyoyi da launin toka al'amarin. A nan ne babban jijiya. Yana farawa a wata aya located sama da medulla. A hankali, da ta ke da cerebellum kunshi biyu hemispheres. Ya aka yi yardatayya da alaka da dogon gada, midbrain da cerebellum.

A tsakiyar sashe aka located a kan wani biyu daga na gani da auditory tubercles. Sun rabu da jijiya zaruruwa cewa connect da kwakwalwa da kuma laka. Tsakanin cerebral hemispheres m rata zurfi a ciki wanda - da ayyukan marubuta callosum. Yana haɗu da biyu manyan sashen. Hemisphere ta rufe haushi. A nan ne akwai ilimi aiki.

Mene ne mafi kwakwalwa? Ya na da uku bawo:

1. M - shi ne ciki surface na periosteum, inda mafi yawan zafi rabe.
2. Arachnoid - shi ne a hankali dab da bawo, amma ba rufi da meanders. Tsakanin shi da wuya harsashi - serous ruwa. Next zo da kashin baya, sa'an nan kuma bawo kanta.
3. Soft - kunshi wani tsarin na jini da kuma connective nama samar da kwakwalwa da kuma a lamba tare da dukan surface.

ayyuka

Kwakwalwa tafiyar matakai da bayanai, wanda ya zo daga kowane daga cikin rabe, shirya da motsi da ke tsunduma a cikin tunani da tsari. A kowane daga cikin sassan faruwa nasu aikin. Alal misali, a cikin medulla oblongata located jijiya cibiyoyin wanda samar da al'ada aiki na m reflex sunadaran kamar tari, Ƙibtawa, sneezing da amai. Shi ne ma alhakin numfashi, hadiya, yau kuma na ciki juices.

Pons samar da yunkuri na eyeballs da fuska tsokoki aiki. A cerebellum iko da daidaituwa da kuma jituwar da ƙungiyoyi. Kuma a cikin midbrain aiwatar da dokokin ayyukan game tsananin ji da gani. Godiya ga aikinsa, da yara, misali, za a iya fadada da kuma kwangila. Wannan shi ne shi ya dogara da sautin na ido tsokoki daga gare ta. Yana kuma ya hada da jijiya cibiyoyin alhakin fuskantarwa a sarari.

Amma abin da shi ne a cikin kwakwalwa tsakanin? Ware wasu da sassan:

• Thalamus. Haka kuma an kira wani canji, kamar yadda a nan sarrafa da kuma kafa a kan tushen da zafi majiyai, zazzabi, tsoka, da sauran auditory rabe. Ta hanyar wannan cibiyar, canza Jihar wakefulness da kuma barci.
• Hypothalamus. Yana da iko kan zuciya rate, jini da kuma na jiki thermoregulation. Shi ne ke da alhakin wani tunanin jihar, domin a nan akwai wani tasiri a kan endocrine tsarin samar da hormones mu jimre wa damuwa ba. Adjusts da ji ƙishirwa, da yunwa, da satiety, da yarda, da jima'i.
• A pituitary gland shine yake. Ga ake samar hormones a lokacin balaga da kuma ci gaban ayyukan.
• Epithalamus. Ya kunshi da pineal gland shine yake, wanda aka kayyade ta circadian rhythms, na tabbatar da lafiya barci da kuma al'ada aiki a lokacin da rana, adaptability zuwa yanayi daban-daban. Ya na da ikon ji da vibrations haske tãguwar ruwa ko ta hanyar da kwanyar akwatin, allocating ga wannan dalili wani adadin na ji ba gani.

Abin da yi kwakwalwa?

Dama za su kiyaye dukan bayanai game da duniya da kuma m adam interactions. Shi ne ke da alhakin aiki na damansa wata gabar jiki. A hagu iko da aikin na jawabin gabobin. Ga akwai wani analytical, m tunani , da kuma daban-daban da lissafin. A wannan gefe da aka bayar monitoring bar wata gabar jiki.

Dabam, shi ya kamata a ce game da irin wannan abokai matsayin ventricles na kwakwalwa. Su voids cewa suna sahu ependyma. Aka halitta su daga na tsarin jijiya tube rami a cikin nau'i na kumfa cewa ya canza kama zuwa da ventricles na kwakwalwa. Su main aiki - shi ne samar da wurare dabam dabam na cerebrospinal ruwa. Sassan an yi sama da nau'i-nau'i daga kaikaice, uku da ta huɗu. Hemisphere kasu kashi 4 lashe: frontal, boko, parietal da occipital.

frontal lobe

Wannan bangare ne kamar navigator a kan jirgin. Shi ne ke da alhakin jikin mutum ya jinkirta karkata zuwa ga gaskiya. Akwai suna kafa aiki, 'yancin kai, himma da kuma son sani. Shi ne kuma m, kuma kai girma za a iya halitta. A takaice, qananan keta da faruwa a cikin frontal lobe, abu don bai dace ba mutum hali, m ayyuka, ciki da kuma daban-daban yanayi swings. hali ne sarrafawa daidai ta hanyar da shi. Saboda haka, aikin kula da cibiyar dake nan kuma ya hana da bai dace ba da kuma antisocial ayyukan. Frontal lobe da muhimmanci ga ilimi ci gaba. Godiya ga ta kuma samu wasu basira, basira da za a iya kawo wa automatism.

boko lobes

Ga - cikin dogon lokacin da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. A hagu tara takamaiman lakabi, abubuwa, abubuwan da sadarwa, da kuma dama - na gani images. Boko lobes gane shi. A wannan yanayin, gefen hagu deciphers da ma'anar abin da aka ce, da kuma dama - halitta wani fahimtar da, daidai da wannan, mimic zane, da nuna yanayi da kuma hasashe na wasu.

parietal lobes

Suna gane zafi, sanyi ko zafi. Parietal lobe kunshi sassa biyu: hagu da kuma dama. Kazalika da sauran jiki compartments, su ne aikin daban-daban. Saboda haka, hagu synthesizes da wani ɓaɓɓake, a haɗa su, har mutane na iya karatu da rubutu. A nan ana assimilated wasu lissafi mai tsauri a cimma wata musamman sakamakon. The dama parietal lobe sabobin tuba duk bayanin da ya zo daga baya na kai, da kuma haifar da wata uku-girma hoto. Akwai aka bayar a sarari fuskantarwa ƙaddara da nesa da kuma kama.

karshen lobe

Yana ana riskarsa da gani bayanai. Mun gani abubuwan da suke kewaye da irritants, nuna haske daga ido duka da ido. Ta hanyar da siginan tuba launi bayanai, da motsi na abubuwa. Akwai uku-girma images.

cuta

Fallasa yanki wani babba yawan cututtuka. Daga cikin mafi hadarin ne da wadannan:

• ƙaruwa.
• ƙwayoyin cuta.
• jijiyoyin bugun gini cuta.
• neurodegenerative cututtuka.

Bari mu bincika su daki-daki. Brain marurai na iya zama sosai bambancin. Kuma, kamar yadda a wasu sassa na jiki, su ne ko dai benign ko m. Wadannan tsarin bayyana saboda wani rashin cin nasara a cikin haihuwa aiki na Kwayoyin. Control ne karye. Kuma suka fara zuwa riɓaɓɓanya ƙwarai. Daga cikin alamomin tashin zuciya alama, zafi, convulsions, asarar sani, hallucinations da Heart hangen nesa.

Domin kwayar cututtuka sun hada da irin ailments:

1. Encephalitis. A cikin tunanin mutum ne rude. Ya ko da yaushe ji barci, akwai hadarin na fadowa cikin wani coma.
2. Kwayar meningitis. Ji wani ciwon kai. High zazzabi, amai da kuma janar rauni.
3. Encephalomyelitis. A haƙuri m, gaji da damuwa da motility, ya karu da zazzabi, amai iya faruwa.

A taron na yawan cututtuka suna quntata tasoshi da tukwane na kwakwalwa. Faruwa protrusion na ganuwar, halakar da sauransu. Saboda wannan memory za a iya lalace, m, jin zafi. kwakwalwa wurare dabam dabam dysfunctional hawan jini, katsewa na aneurysm, tsokar da sauransu. Kuma saboda neurodegenerative cututtuka irin cututtuka da fitilolin mota, Huntington ta ko Alzheimer ta gaji da damuwa da memory natsuwar tunanina da aka rasa, ji tsãwa da wata gabar jiki, zafi, cramps da kuma spasms faruwa.

ƙarshe

Wannan ne m tsarin na jikin mu. An sani cewa mutum yana amfani da kawai wani kankanin sulusi da murabba'i na yiwuwa cewa za a iya gane ta hanyar wannan jiki. Zai yiwu wata rana bil'adama za su iya bayyana su m ne mafi girma daga shi ne a yau. A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya suna kokarin koyi game da ayyukan more ban sha'awa facts. Ko da yake, ta hanyar, wadannan yunkurin har yanzu ba sosai nasara.