Abin da zai iya zama da matakin na kungiyar na rayuwa?

Rayuwa a kan mu home duniya da aka wakilta wani musamman m kewayon halittu daban-daban. Halaye peculiar zuwa gare su, suna m da wani adadin dalilai - mataki na juyin ci gaba, muhalli da yanayi, da sauransu. Uku da muhimman hakkokin Properties halayyar wani kwayoyin halitta, suna musayar al'amarin da makamashi tare da dukan yanayi (wannan shi ne babban ãyõyin dukan abubuwa masu rai), a irritability (ie, da ikon amsa waje samuwar kasashe), kuma haifuwa (sake kunnawa na nasu jinsunan). Matsayin kungiyar na rayuwa, ilmin halitta, wanda yake shi ne mai arziki a duniya - shi ne mai matsayi tsarin shirya biosystems. The matsayi a cikin wannan yanki ayan da za a gina a kan manufa da tsarin wuya daga kwayoyin. Mafi sau da yawa, masana kimiyyar ne guda bakwai, saukarwa a cikin ci gaban rayuwa: kwayoyin Genetics, bi da salon salula matakin, nama matakin, sashin jiki, cigaban (a cikin wasu kalmomi - kwayoyin), yawan-iri, yanayin kasa da kuma duniya. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

Matsayin kungiyar na rayuwa a duniya

Kwayoyin kayyade. Wannan Layer ƙunshi mafi karami barbashi kwayoyin halitta, da dama macromolecules: nucleic acid, carbohydrates, sunadaran da sauran Organic abubuwa. A nan ana haife musamman muhimmanci nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai, kamar tsarinsa da kuma watsa hereditary bayanai, metabolism, narkewa, makamashi hira, da sauransu.

Salula Halittu Organization. Tantanin halitta shine tsarin da kuma aikin naúrar na duk kwayoyin a duniya. Saboda haka, matakai da ake faruwa, su ne tushen duk rayuwa.

Nama matakin. Shin tarin kwayoyin jikinsu, waxanda suke da kama a asalin, tsari da kuma ayyukan da ya yi. Wannan kuma ya hada da intercellular abu.

Organ Halittu Organization. Duk wani jiki ne wani nau'i ne na wani ruwan dare sashi na jiki da ciwon qaddara siffar, location, tsari da kuma yin wani takamaiman aiki.

Kwayoyin matakin (ko na cin gaba). Da kwayoyin ne cikakke unicellular ko kwayar rayuwa tsarin, iya zaman kanta aiki, da rike homeostatic tafiyar matakai. Kwayoyin - wani umurni sa na jam'i na Kwayoyin, tsokoki da kuma gabobin.

Population (ko jinsunan) Halittu Organization. View ne mai tarin mutane da suke da irin wannan a cikin tsarin da juna da kuma da na kowa asalin. Irin wannan mutane da yardar kaina hybridize da juna, bada 'ya'yan itace da mai yiwuwa zuriyarsa. A yawan (s) daga cikin matakin na aiwatar da kebantaccen, kore ta juyin halitta tafiyar matakai.

Yanayin kasa (ko biogeocenotic). Biogeocoenosis da ake kira tarihi wajen raya kafa na kwayoyin daban-daban jinsunan cewa hulɗa tare da wani iri-iri na halitta dalilai a wannan mazauninsu.

Global (Muciya) Halittu Organization. Muciya - shi ne mafi girma da-ranking tsarin rufe dukkan mamaki da kuma matakai na rayuwa a cikin hydrosphere, lithosphere da kuma yanayi, kazalika da ha duk kunsa a guda hadaddun. A matakin na biosphere da alaka da duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta na duniya.