Accentual-syllabic ayar: asalin da kuma girma

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika daki-daki, accentual-syllabic ayar. Bayyana yadda wannan tsarin da aka gabatar, kuma ya zo wa Rasha, mun bayyana girma.

Mene ne wannan?

Accentual-syllabic ayar - a poetic tsarin dangane da tsari da kuma ra'ayoyi na alternating unstressed kuma jaddada syllables. A waqe da aka rubuta a wannan hanya, duk da syllables za a iya harhada a cikin kafa, wanda shi ne abin da ake kira karfi - jaddada vowels kuma kasawan - unstressed vowels. Saboda haka, da bincike na wadannan kasidu da aka nuna ba kawai size amma kuma da yawan feet a guda line.

asalin

Syllabic-tonic versification tsarin asali a Turai shayari. Wannan ya faru godiya ga ci daga syllabic aya, wanda aka yi amfani da harsunan Rum, da kuma tonic alliterative, zo daga Harsunan Jamus. Wannan tsari ya ƙare a cikin kasashe daban-daban a daban-daban sau. Alal misali, a Ingila syllabo-tonic da aka kafa riga a cikin 15th karni, godiya ga George. Chaucer, kuma a Jamus kawai a cikin 17th karni bayan da garambawul na M. Opitz.

Rasha syllabic-tonic versification

Babban taimako ga gyaranta na Rasha poetic syllable nasa M. V. Lomonosovu da V. K. Trediakovskomu.

Saboda haka, a cikin 30s na 18th karni Trediakovskii fara magana da texts, wanda tsari ne da muhimmanci daban-daban daga cewa a lokacin da syllabic versification tsarin dangane da yawan syllables da line, maimakon a kan adadin buga ko unstressed vowels. Saboda haka, ta wajen yin nazarin jama'a ayar da tsarinta, shi ƙarasa da cewa bisa manufa na Rasha versification tonics.

Wadannan fara Trediakovskij bincike ci gaba Lomonosov. Shi ya halicci accentual-syllabic aya a Rasha. Wannan tsarin, dangane da sãɓãwar jaddada da kuma unstressed vowels, daukan la'akari da kwarewa na awo. Dalili syllabo- tonics aza jama'a aya manufa - da rabo daga Lines na wuri da kuma yawan jaddada syllables.

Cikin karni na 19th aka mamaye syllabic-tonic shayari. Kawai 'yan kasida da aka fara up a gwaje-gwajen, wannan ya kasance sun fi mayar saboda da yunkurin koyi da jama'a motifs. A wannan yanayin, game da tsakiyar karni na 19th, yafi amfani dvuslozhniki. A farko aiki amfani ternary mita fara Nekrasov.

Duk da haka, a farkon karni na 20th fara m poetic gwaje-gwajen, wanda yafi jawabi ga tonic da cakuduwa da poetic form.

Girma accentual-syllabic ayar

Dangane da yawan "karfi" da "rauni" wurare a cikin kafa, iri biyu syllabic-tonic masu girma dabam tsaya - kuma shi dvuslozhniki trehslozhniki. Domin biyu-syllable iambic daraja da kuma ferrets zuwa uku-syllable, bi da bi - dactyl, anapaest, amphibrach.

Saboda lexical tsarin da Rasha harshen ternary mita ze mai karatu zuwa ga mafi music, tun a waka nã zãɓen da maganarsa da uku syllables da wuya a yi "stopnye sauyawa."

Wadannan substitutions za a iya samu a trochaic da iambic ayyukansu, kamar yadda a cikin mutum tsaya a nan sau da yawa sosai karfi matsayi ne unstressed syllables, da kuma rauni - ganguna. A wannan batun, zamu iya cewa, a Bugu da kari ga babban biyu-syllable ƙafafunsa, akwai 2 karin:

• Pyrrhic - shi ne 2 syllables a jere tare da wani marasa alama wasali.
• Sponda - shi ne 2 syllables a jere tare da jaddada wasali.

Su yi amfani da a ayoyi samar da musamman samfurin Lines daga cikin rhythmic sauti.

trochee

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin iri na disyllabic mita. Ƙafarsa kawai 2 syllables - na farko kudin tasiri, na biyu - unstressed. Ferrets sukan yi amfani for song lyrics.

Wani misali da wani 5-jog chorea ne Pasternak ta waka da ake kira "alƙarya": "Ina aka karantar magariba dare / dubban binopkulari a kan axis ...". 3 jog - wani aikin na M. Yu. Lermontova "Daga Goethe ta '' shuru Valley / cike da sabo hazo ... '.

iambus

Accentual-syllabic ayar da aka kai wa ga Rasha shayari na karni na 19th, kuma ya kasance mai fi so pentameter size AS Pushkin.

Saboda haka iambus - dissyllabic mita, kunsha na 2 syllables - farko da na biyu guduma unstressed. Cire tasha danniya jũya a cikin pyrrhic, kuma da bayyanar ƙarin - a spondee.

4-hstopny pentameter shi ne mafi m, kuma mafi yawan amfani a Rasha shayari. A 18th karni wannan mita, saboda haka, mun kira "high" nau'o'i, mayar da hankali a kan bambance-bambance tsakanin odic kayayyakin da "hasken shayari", wanda aka rubuta mawaka. Amma a cikin karni na 19th pentameter hasarar da thematic dangane da waka da kuma zama a duniya mita.

A sarari misali - shi ne Pushkin ta "Eugene Onegin": "Latin ne yanzu daga fashion: / To, idan kun kasance mãsu gaskiya ...".

trisyllabic

Mu yanzu la'akari da ternary mita Rasha syllabic-tonic versification.

Dactyl - mita a uku syllables, na farko wanda yake shi ne tura. An misali ne "hukumcin Allah a kan bishops" (VA Zhukovsky), "Mason" (V. Ya. Bryusov). Dactyl ne fiye da amfani da canzawa da hexameter.

Amphibrach - kuma mita a uku syllables, amma wannan lokaci shi ne na biyu bugu. A Rasha versification, shi ne kullum amfani dashi a rubutun epics. An misali ne "airship" - a Ballad Lermontov: "Daga cikin kabarin yayin da sarki / tashi mai gidan ne ba zato ba tsammani ...".

Anapaest - uku trisyllabic mita, a cikin abin da lafazi da dama a kan na karshe syllable. Misalai na irin wannan shiri na aya na iya zama wani waka: "Yin Tunani daga gaban shirayi" (Nekrasov) da kuma "A farkon Kada tashe ta" (su ɗauko).